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Biomedical subjects

G Cornu

Publications and source records attributed to G Cornu.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

High dose melphalan in children with advanced malignant disease. A pharmacokinetic study.

Nine children with poor-prognosis malignancies--seven with advanced neuroblastoma and two with metastatic Ewing's sarcoma--were given high doses of melphalan (HDM), 150 mg/m2 (3 patients) and 180 mg/m2 (6 patients), as a 'late intensification' agent combined with noncryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplants. Melphalan levels in the plasma decreased biphasically, with mean half-lives of 6.6 min and 3.0 h. At the time of marrow reinfusion (12-21 h after HDM) the melphalan plasma level was generally below 0.1 microgram/ml. The renal contribution to melphalan clearance was low, a mean of 5.8% of the injected dose being found in patients' urine over the 12 h following HDM administration. No significant difference was seen in pharmacokinetic parameters between patients undergoing and not undergoing forced diuresis.

Child↗
PubMed1985

AIDS in two African children--one with fibrosarcoma of the liver.

We report here on two black African girls who developed an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The first patient was a premature girl born to healthy parents. She suffered from interstitial pneumonitis during the first week of life and died of it at the age of 6 months. Her mother, although asymptomatic, had polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia, a reversed T-helper/T-suppressor ratio and a decreased lymphocyte response to mitogens. The second patient had the first symptoms at the age of 6 years, developed a primitive malignant fibrosarcoma of the liver at 8 years old and died 1 year later. AIDS can affect black African children who have not been transfused and whose family members are not considered as at a high risk for this disease. In children, AIDS and cancer can be associated. In the second patient, cytotoxic suppressor lymphocytes (OKT8 positive cells) were shown to behave in vitro as precursors of T-killer cells.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Sjögren's syndrome in a child.

Sjögren's syndrome is a relatively uncommon condition in the paediatric age group. The youngest child reported thus far was a 5-year-old girl. This article reports the case of a 2-year-old girl admitted for recurrent infections of the respiratory tract with diffuse pulmonary interstitial infiltrations and a progressive swelling of the parotid glands. The clinical features and the results of laboratory investigations, including parotid and hepatic biopsies, chest X-rays and sialography helped to establish the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. Clinical, immunological and genetic characteristics of Sjögren's syndrome are reviewed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Live varicella vaccine in severely immunodepressed children.

One dose containing 3,100 PFU of a live attenuated Oka-strain varicella vaccine (Varilrix, Smith Kline-RIT, Belgium) was administered subcutaneously to 45 children, 26 of whom were suffering from acute leukaemia and 19 from solid malignant tumours. Their immunological status had been severely compromised by chemotherapy as evidenced by markedly low values for all immunological parameters. Of the 31 children seronegative for varicella at the time of vaccination, 70%, 85%, 75%, and 40% had varicella serum antibodies at 1, 2, 3, and 12 months after vaccination, respectively. Evaluation of the immunological parameters indicated that they were of no predictive value regarding the antibody response of the patients to the vaccine. Eight children (18%) developed varicella after vaccination. In one case, the disease was caused by the vaccine virus while in another, the vaccine virus was probably also responsible. The remaining six cases were caused by wild virus. The antibody response and accompanying protection against disease induced by the vaccine in severely immunodepressed patients is acceptable, but clearly lower and of shorter duration than in normal subjects. Thus, in immunocompromised patients, booster doses of the vaccine may be required at relatively short intervals.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1984

Effect of lithium on diffusion chamber granulopoiesis.

We studied the effect of lithium on diffusion chamber (DC) granulopoiesis. When DC loaded with bone marrow cells were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice previously injected with lithium carbonate, more proliferative and nonproliferative granulocytes were produced as compared to DC implanted into control hosts. The number of DC CFU-c was increased significantly in the lithium-treated group, but there was no difference in the number of DC CFU-s. Levels of DC fluid CSF showed no evident correlation with DC myelopoiesis. These data suggest that a humoral factor other than CSF mediates the action of lithium in DC granulopoiesis, and that lithium's influence on DC hematopoietic stem cell proliferation occurs mainly at the CFU-c level.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The wandering spleen.

The article presents two cases of wandering spleen in the pediatric age group. Both patients were admitted for abdominal pain. In one, the onset was sudden and, on physical examination, a mass was felt in the left hypochondrium. In the other, it was the second episode and a firm mid-abdominal mass was found. The wandering spleen is a specific clinical syndrome which should be taken into account when an abdominal tumor is found. Ultrasonography and isotopic scan are very useful diagnostic tools The wandering spleen is caused by the absence of the splenorenal ligament which allows increased mobility of the splenic hilum. Both children underwent a splenectomy and made an uneventful recovery.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Myeloid stem cell kinetics in children hypertransfused during remission induction of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Experimental studies in animals and recent preliminary clinical evidence raised the possibility that hypertransfusion might be capable of producing a beneficial effect on granulopoiesis recovery following irradiation or chemotherapy. This prompted us to design a study to determine the effect of hypertransfusion on the blood and marrow CFU-c of leukemic children during remission induction. Nineteen children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been randomized in pairs to normotransfused (Hb: 12-14 g/dl) and hypertransfused (Hb: 16-18 g/dl) groups. Anti-leukemic chemotherapy (vincristine and adriamycin weekly during 4 weeks and prednisone daily) was identical in all children. As expected, suppression of erythropoiesis was observed in the hypertransfused group. During the first three courses of chemotherapy, the number of marrow CFU-c remained very low in both groups. One week after the third course of chemotherapy the number of bone marrow CFU-c began to increase in both groups. One week after course four the CFU-c value was significantly larger in the hypertransfused group. We also observed that circulating CFU-c were almost absent before induction chemotherapy, whereas their number increased after course three and was higher in the hypertransfused group and remained higher after course four. These results show the kinetics of bone marrow recovery after chemotherapy and suggest that hypertransfusion increases the rate of recovery of granulopoiesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma.

The clinical and pathologic findings of a case of cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma in a 5-month-old boy is reported. We believe that it probably represents the differentiated counterpart of nephroblastoma. After nephrectomy, the child was given a short course single cytotoxic therapy with vincristine for 6 months.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

HLA haplotypes and long survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with transfer factor.

Association between HLA haplotypes and long survival was investigated in 116 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. It was found that patients with A2 B12 and/or A2 B40 haplotypes survived longer than patients wtihout these two haplotypes. Since all children were treated with transfer factor obtained from their relatives, it is suggested that children possessing A2 B12 or A2 B40 haplotypes may respond better to this type of immunotherapy.

Acute Disease↗