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Biomedical subjects

G Cotin

Publications and source records attributed to G Cotin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Antibiotic penetration into the otorhinolaryngologic system in children. II. Concentration of cefotaxime in the middle ear].

Cefotaxime levels were measured in the middle ears of 12 children, after operations for insertion of a transtympanic aerator for serous or relapsing otitis. Mean auricular cefotaxime levels were 4,3 and 5,1 mcg/ml on the right and left respectively. Mean serum level one hour after 25 mg/kg i.m. was 14,5 mcg/ml. In can be concluded that cefotaxime penetrates effectively into the middle ear. Its use should be reserved for difficult or menacing cases of otitis, but its bacteriological activity with regard to Haemophilus influenzae and certain enterobacteria is of value in cases where ampicillins may be ineffective due to resistance of strains.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1983

[Antibiotic penetration into the otorhinolaryngologic system in children. I. Comparative intratonsillar penetration of ampicillin and triacetyloleandomycin. Apropos of 61 cases].

Tonsillar diffusion of two antibiotics was compared in 61 children, 26 receiving 100 mg/kg/d of ampicillin, and the other 35 being treated with 50 mg/kg/d of triacetyloleandomycin during the 24 hours preceding tonsillectomy. Drug levels were measured by a microbiological method. The mean ampicillin level in the tonsil was 0,84 mcg/ml for a serum level of 4,1 mcg/ml 90 minutes before sampling, concentrations being absent in the tonsil in 12 cases (45 p. cent). Mean triacetyloleandomycin levels in the tonsil were 12,16 mcg/ml for a serum level of 2,27 mcg/ml 90 minutes before sampling, concentrations being absent in the tonsil in only 4 cases (11 p. cent). Very high concentrations of triacetyloleandomycin as against low or no levels of ampicillin were therefore detected in the tonsil. This suggest that macrolides should be employed in preference to ampicillin for the treatment of recurrent sore throats, and tonsillixis, and for preventive treatment of acute rheumatic fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Value of the study of cochlear microphonic recordings in deep and severe deafness].

A study was conducted to assess the contribution of cochlear microphonic potential recordings during electrophysiologic audiometry examinations. Amplitude of microphonic recordings were correlated with the degree of deafness, its etiology, and the prosthetic prognosis in 38 electrocochleographic examinations. Preliminary results are analyzed.

Cochlear Microphonic Potentials↗
PubMed1983

[Preliminary attempt at a classification of rhinopharyngitis].

A study was conducted in 113 children with recurrent attacks of rhinopharyngitis, a frequent affection treated in ENT practice, to determine a classification and establish the etiopathogenicity of the disorder. Children were divided into two groups according to age, and clinical, radiologic, bacteriologic, biologic, and histologic data analyzed. An allergic or immunity deficiency origin could be confirmed in some cases, but etiopathogenicity was impossible to determine in many individual cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[2 modalities in the embryogenic process of frontonasal cysts and fistulae].

The two principal embryogenic theories, persistence of residual structures remaining after closure of the anterior neuropore and inclusion of epiblastic derivatives in the prenasal space, may be combined, with resulting two embryonic varieties of these malformations. Glabellar cysts, with or without fistulae extending them downwards, and which remaining at superficial level may perforate the true nasal bones. Other fistulae can develop which extend deeply and present variable dilatations with a more or less oblique path upwards depending on the level of their opening into the nose.

Cysts↗
PubMed1983

[Acquired facial paralysis in children. Our experience apropos of 72 cases].

Results of therapy as a function of etiology are discussed in relation to 72 cases of acquired facial palsy in children. Spontaneous recovery occurred in 28 of the 33 cases with idiopathic facial palsy, this representing the most common form (46 p. cent of total) and appearing to have a still better prognosis than in adults. An infectious origin was determined in 19 cases (26 p. cent). Medical treatment produced complete recovery in 7 of the 8 cases with otitis, while simple mastoidectomy relieved 8 of the 11 patients with facial palsy due to mastoiditis. The indications for operative intervention should be widened in post-traumatic cases (14 in this series) with immediate onset of paralysis. Similarly, medical treatment of secondary paralysis should not delay surgery in cases with no regression after three weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Rare complication of frontal sinusitis in children: gas gangrene of the scalp. Apropos of a case].

An 11-year-old child developed an infection of the scalp due to anaerobic germs following an acute attack of frontal sinusitis. The mechanism and therapy of this rare complication are discussed. The favorable outcome in this case suggests the need for revision of the generally poor prognosis of this complication, on the condition that adequate treatment be applied under the control of a multidisciplinary team.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Cholesteatoma arising from the internal acoustic meatus after conservative antro-atticotomy for decompression of the facial nerve].

Two patients developed cholesteatomos following conservative surgical treatment of facial palsy by antro-atticotomy of the bony framework. As the middle ear was not affected the lesions probably arose from the internal auditory meatus, and this was confirmed in one case. The association of stenosis of the external auditory meatus due to sliding and retraction of the external ear raises the question of the need for its correction to prevent this rare complication.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[1-stage operation in major aplasias of the ear. Value of combined plastic and functional intervention].

In spite of imperfections, combined functional and plastic surgery is of value of treating major aplasias of the ear. The two operative procedures can be performed by the same surgeon or the same team when the child has reached 5 to 6 years of age. The technique involves the use of sliding pedunculated flaps, with rotation in the auricular region, and the employ of conventional otologic microsurgical methods (homograft, moulded temporal aponeurosis). Results in 48 cases demonstrated auditory improvement of more than 20 decibels in 47-5 p. cent of cases, and 30 to 40 decibels in 20.8 p. cent.

Ear, External↗
PubMed1983

[Neonatal facial paralysis. Our experience apropos of 44 cases].

Forty-four cases of neonatal facial paralysis have been treated in the ENT department for children in the hôpital Trousseau, paris. In nearly half of the cases the etiology was related to nervous or muscular aplasia, while in the other cases of traumatic, infective, or doubtful etiology, the severity and course of the paralysis served as a guide to choice of therapy. Surgery was indicated in only 13 cases and recovery was obtained in 4 infants, with more or less marked sequelae. Prognosis is very poor in cases treated at a late stage, especially when the nerve appears to be greatly altered or compressed by callus. Surgical exploration should therefore be undertaken reasonably early (6 weeks to 2 months) when total paralysis persists or becomes worse after initial improvement.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1983

[Rubella deafness. Audiometric, ophthalmologic, epidemiological aspects].

Case-reports of 75 children, with deafness due to an embropathy from maternal rubella during the first months of pregnancy, are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the frequency of interauricular functional asymmetry, of pigmented retinitis alone or associated with a cataract, and of dysmaturity at birth and persistence of overall delayed development. Also stressed are the large proportion of women born outside the French Metropolitan area who contracted rubella during pregnancy, and the very high frequency of errors in interpreting clinical and biological signs in suspected rubella, leading to an impressive number of wrong suggestions with marked effects on the future. Following a detailed description of 15 of the 75 cases studied, the results obtained are analyzed. Nearly half of the cases presented an interauricular auditory functional asymmetry, which is therefore one of the elements of etiological diagnosis and which enables better adaptation of a hearing aid for rubella-induced deafness. The very high frequency of pigmented retinitis alone also constitutes and element of etiological diagnosis, and enabled at least 7 p. cent of overall cases of perception deafness to be assessed as resulting from a rubella cause. The pigmented retinitis is sometimes central and, contrary to classical notions, provokes visual dysfunction. Difficulty in applying a correct diagnosis during the initial episode, and the usual lack of information given to the family in case of rubella during pregnancy, are common features in the vast majority of cases.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1983

[Proboscis lateralis, a rare facial malformation. Therapeutic difficulties (apropos of a case)].

A case of proboscis lateralis with total absence of the corresponding half of the nose is reported. The length of the mucocutaneous cylinder enabled initial insertion of its free extremity around its bony orifice in communication with the single nasal fossa, and the creation of a functional, well situated naris. Second-stage operation several months later involved spreading of the upper part, closure of the coloboma, and treatment of the lacrimal pathways. Total liberation of the superior pedicle and final modelling is to be envisaged at a later date as a function of growth.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

[Embryologic problems raised by proboscis lateralis].

Organization is conserved in proboscis lateralis and in this respect it represents a half-nose and not a nasolacrymal canal. It is characterized by mainly skeletal deficiency and a paramedian lateral localization. Associated alterations involved olfactory and ocular structures, often with a disorder of closure of the colobomic slit, but overall neuroblast development is not disturbed. Effects on the subjacent facial regions are variable and remain lateral, the overall situation in relation to Tessier's fissure tending to clarify their significance. Comparison of the malformation with the different degrees of cyclopia and with the bifid nose confirms its origin from a particular form of embryogenic process. Significance of participation of the olfactory placodes and the neighboring ectomesenchyme is discussed, together with the modalities of this participation. The latent bilateral nature of the malformation must be recognized together with its embryogenic consequences.

Face↗