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Biomedical subjects

G Crepaldi

Publications and source records attributed to G Crepaldi.

265 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The presence of retinopathy in patients with secondary diabetes following pancreatectomy or chronic pancreatitis.

The incidence of diabetic retinopathy was evaluated by means of fluorescein angiography in 54 patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis or to pancreatectomy. Thirty-one percent of the patients had background retinopathy; none had proliferative retinopathy. The percentage of patients with retinopathy was the same in groups with or without a family history of diabetes. There was no correlation between the degree of metabolic control, the levels of C-peptide, glucagon, growth hormone, and the presence of retinopathy. Retinopathy was correlated with the duration of diabetes. In conclusion, diabetes caused by pancreatitis or pancreatectomy has a significant prevalence of retinopathy, which has more benign characteristics and slower evolution than the retinopathy in patients with primary diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disturbances in pulmonary gaseous exchange in primary hyperlipoproteinemias.

Carbon monoxide diffusion (DLCO), blood gas analysis at rest and after exercise, distribution of ventilation and perfusion by Xenon 133 were carried out in 43 hyperlipidemic patients, Fredrickson's types I, IIA, IIB, and IV. DLCO was significantly reduced in hypertriglyceridemic and to a lesser degree in hypercholesterolemic patients. A significant negative correlation was found between DLCO and triglyceride values. Significantly lower basal PaO2 values, which improved after exercise, were observed in both type IIA and type IV hyperlipemic patients. The ventilation/perfusion ratio distribution (V/Q) did not increase from the basal to the apical segments of the lungs in hyperlipidemic patients as it did in normals. The hypothesis of an alteration in pulmonary surface-active lipoprotein, directly related to hyperlipoproteinemia or indirectly caused by fat microembolism, may explain the reduced DLCO, the loss of V/Q gradient, and the decrease in PaO2 (which improves after exercise) observed in hyperlipemic patients. Disturbances in pulmonary gas exchange and PaO2 reduction could play an important role in the pathogenesis of both angina pain due to ischaemic heart disease, which is frequently observed in hyperlipemic patients, and the postprandial angina syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronobiological pattern of growth hormone secretion in normal subjects and in retinopathic diabetics. Lack of suppression by a plurichronocorticoid drug.

Nyctohemeral variations in plasma concentrations of HGH, glucose, and FFA were studied in 22 normal subjects and 48 diabetic patients affected with retinopathy. In the normal subjects, (fourteen males and eight females, mean age 40+/-3 years; body weight less than 110% of I.B.W.) the determinations were made on blood samples drawn every hour. Seven of these normal subjects were examined before and after 10 days of administration of a new plurichronocorticoid drug (administered at 08(00) and 15(00), with a total amount of 14 mg of prednisolone and 15 mg of cortisone). In patients with diabetic retinopathy (32 male and sixteen female patients, mean age 46+/-2 years, body weight less than 110% of I.B.W.) the determinations were made on blood samples drawn every 3 hrs. All the diabetic patients were insulin treated and were under good or discrete metabolic control, and presented advanced retinopathy. Both in the normal subjects and in retinopathic diabetics, the mean HGH curve showed a characteristic elevation during the early nighttime hours (between 21(00) and 02(00). Despite higher values in plasma glucose and FFA, in diabetics the nocturnal elevation of HGH was only slightly lower than in the normals. The comparison between daytime and nighttime determinations, both in the normal subjects and in the diabetics, reveals statistically significant differences. These results suggest that in subjects with diabetic retinopathy, in the phase of good or discrete metabolic control, spontaneous HGH secretion is not increased, and that nocturnal elevation of HGH is not substantially influenced by higher plasma levels of glucose and FFA. Ten days of plurichronocorticoid treatment with a new drug which exhausts its activity before the evening, did not modify the circadian rhythm of HGH.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hearing in the elderly: a population study.

An epidemiological study comparing speech audiometry with self-assessed hearing disability and an analysis of other factors influencing the quality of life was conducted. In the Veneto region (Italy), a representative sample of 2700 independently living individuals of 65 years of age and older was selected for the study. All participants were administered a comprehensive questionnaire and a brief examination at their home, including a general physical examination, speech audiometry, Sanders' Speech Disability test, part I and III, Mini Mental State Examination, CES-D scale for depression, visual acuity, self-reported diseases and physical function. Auditory function was worst in the older individuals: auditory performance was within acceptable limits up to the 75-79 age group, while it rapidly deteriorates in the older groups. This trend is consistent with self-reported auditory disability (Sanders' test). A detailed analysis of the type of errors made in the speech audiometry was conducted for each subject. Speech audiometry is a good indicator of real hearing difficulties faced by the elderly, and it might be preferred to pure-tone audiometry, since hearing deficits with age are not always limited to an increased detection threshold, but include other aspects of hearing such as distortion of sounds, comprehension of speech and noise discrimination.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Italian Consensus Conference; overweight, obesity and health (ICC S.O.S. 1991)].

On April 5th and 6th 1991, at the National Research Council (CNR) in Rome, a Consensus Conference on the relationship between Overweight, Obesity and Health was held. The Conference was sponsored by FATMA (Applied Project on Disease Factors of the CNR) and UICO (Italian Society for the Study of Obesity) with the purpose of establishing guidelines for health employees. The development of the Conference followed the methodology set down by OMAR to obtain a rational and significant consensus on the answers to 6 basic questions prepared by the Planning Committee. The questions were the pivotal point of the Conference and were brought to the attention of all the attendees and widely diffused among the medical community; they were proposed with the aim of giving an exhaustive definition of obesity, to investigate its relationship with mortality and morbidity, to highlight its social characterization, to indicate methods of evaluation and recommendations for weight loss, to select groups at risk, and to focus general guidelines for research. After the presentation of the state of the art on 18 topics by experts in the field, the 22 members of the Consensus Panel, impartial experts from a vast area of the scientific community, discussed a draft document representing the answers to the questions, which was subsequently illustrated to the 307 attendees, discussed and then approved. This paper is the definitive document of the Consensus Conference. The introduction explains the reasons which led to the decision to promote the Conference six years after the one held in the United States. The methodology is then set out. The questions are answered in the form of recommendations and backed up by data and scientific demonstrations from the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of ciprofibrate in primary type II and IV hyperlipidemia: the Italian multicenter study.

The 127 diet-resistant primary hyperlipidemic patients received 100 mg of ciprofibrate daily for 12 weeks. In the 63 patients with type IIa hyperlipidemia and 41 patients with type IIb hyperlipidemia, serum levels of total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, and apolipoprotein (apo) B decreased significantly and levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo A-I increased significantly. Similar changes occurred in the 23 type IV patients, except that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly and apo B levels did not change. No clinically significant side effects or drug-related abnormal laboratory test results were noted. It is concluded that ciprofibrate is a safe and potent hypolipidemic agent.

Cholesterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Auditory brainstem evoked responses in the clinical evaluation and follow-up of insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

In the last few years the use of ABR in the dysmetabolic encephalopathies has aroused considerable interest. Even though brainstem involvement in these syndromes is not yet entirely understood, ABR techniques have provided new and important insights. We studied 60 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, 29 females and 31 males aged to 17 to 55 yrs, and observed ABR abnormalities in 28.2% of the cases. This impairment affects the I-V interval or central transmission time (CTT), which is considered the most reliable index of brainstem function. The ABR pattern was considered pathologic when the CTT was due 2DS as compared with a sex- and age-matched control. Follow-up studies performed on 20 of these subjects revealed no significant variation in the ABR tracing. This fact, together with the absence or correlation between ABR involvement and metabolic control and glycemia level during the test, could be attributed to a 'structural' damage of the brainstem tissue. In diabetics, we observed a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between I-V interval shift and an EMG-proved reduction in motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the peroneal nerve. We also found a high incidence of ABR impairment (53%) in diabetics with cardiovascular autonomic failure.

Adolescent↗