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Biomedical subjects

G D Rennels

Publications and source records attributed to G D Rennels.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Artificial intelligence research in anesthesia and intensive care.

This article describes several research directions exploring the application of artificial intelligence techniques in anesthesia and intensive care. Artificial intelligence can be loosely defined as the discipline of designing computer systems that exhibit "intelligent" behavior. This article first introduces artificial intelligence and computer science research and discusses why medicine has proved to be a challenging domain for applying artificial intelligence techniques. A discussion of the central research themes that arise in medical artificial intelligence, many of which are common to different projects and to different medical settings, is followed by a description of specific research projects that apply artificial intelligence techniques in anesthesiology, ventilatory management, and cardiovascular management. Finally, further comments are made on the current state of the field.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1987

A computational model of reasoning from the clinical literature.

This paper explores the premise that a formalized representation of empirical studies can play a central role in computer-based decision support. The specific motivations underlying this research include the following propositions: Reasoning from experimental evidence contained in the clinical literature is central to the decisions physicians make in patient care. A computational model, based upon a declarative representation for published reports of clinical studies, can drive a computer program that selectively tailors knowledge of the clinical literature as it is applied to a particular case. The development of such a computational model is an important first step toward filling a void in computer-based decision support systems. Furthermore, the model may help us better understand the general principles of reasoning from experimental evidence both in medicine and other domains. Roundsman is a developmental computer system which draws upon structured representations of the clinical literature in order to critique plans for the management of primary breast cancer. Roundsman is able to produce patient-specific analyses of breast cancer management options based on the 24 clinical studies currently encoded in its knowledge base. The Roundsman system is a first step in exploring how the computer can help to bring a critical analysis of the relevant literature to the physician, structured around a particular patient and treatment decision.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1987

Reasoning from the clinical literature: a "distance" metric.

There has been little or no integration of specific studies from the clinical literature with computer-based medical advice systems. This paper reports preliminary results of a research project designed to model reasoning from the clinical literature. The program, named "Roundsman", draws upon structured representations of the clinical literature in order to critique plans for medical management. This paper discusses the need for a clinical "distance" metric to use in mapping from studies to treatment choices. The design of one such metric is outlined, and the results of its incorporation in Roundsman are shown in a sample output from the program. The application domain for this program is the management of primary breast cancer, but the research goals are to identify general issues which arise in diverse medical management domains.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choice and explanation in medical management: a multiattribute model of artificial intelligence approaches.

This paper explores a model of choice and explanation in medical management and makes clear its advantages and limitations. The model is based on multiattribute decision making (MADM) and consists of four distinct strategies for choice and explanation, plus combinations of these four. Each strategy is a restricted form of the general MADM approach, and each makes restrictive assumptions about the nature of the domain. The advantage of tailoring a restricted form of a general technique to a particular domain is that such efforts may better capture the character of the domain and allow choice and explanation to be more naturally modelled. The uses of the strategies for both choice and explanation are illustrated with analyses of several existing medical management artificial intelligence (AI) systems, and also with examples from the management of primary breast cancer. Using the model it is possible to identify common underlying features of these AI systems, since each employs portions of this model in different ways. Thus the model enables better understanding and characterization of the seemingly ad hoc decision making of previous systems.

Algorithms↗