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Biomedical subjects

G Daikeler

Publications and source records attributed to G Daikeler.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Action of tulobuterol and fenoterol on the mucociliary clearance.

The influence of tulobuterol and fenoterol upon mucociliary clearance (mC) and airway obstruction was investigated in 8 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and two patients with chronic bronchial asthma. The lung function and mC measurements were repeated after a 1-week random oral treatment with 4 mg tulobuterol/day or 7.5 mg fenoterol/day in a double-blind cross-over design. Tulobuterol and fenoterol improved mC of the total, central and peripheral bronchial tree significantly in comparison to the pretreatment values (p less than 0.001) reaching, after beta 2-agonist therapy, values observed in normal subjects. In comparison to no treatment and pretreatment with oral fenoterol, tulobuterol protected slightly better from the inhalative provocation with 99mTc radioactive erythrocytes used to measure mC. Inhalative fenoterol was more efficient than oral fenoterol or tulobuterol to reverse the bronchospastic part of airway obstruction. No differences of mean daily peak flows, systolic and diastolic systemic blood pressure measurements and pulse rate were recorded during tulobuterol and fenoterol treatment. Both drugs were tolerated without side effects.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1986

Mucociliary clearance in smokers.

The mucociliary clearance characteristics and the correlation between the extent of smoking and bronchial mucociliary dysfunction were studied in 71 smokers (15 without chronic bronchitis, 16 with simple and 40 with obstructive chronic bronchitis). Mucociliary clearance (MC) was measured with 99mTc-tagged human erythrocytes. Lung function values were determined by whole body plethysmography. All three smoking groups had significantly (p less than 0.001) lower TMC60.min rates (total MC in 60 min) on the average than the predicted values. The mean TMC60.min rates of heavy smokers with simple and obstructive chronic bronchitis were significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than that of light smokers without chronic bronchitis. There was no significant difference between the TMC60.min rates of smokers with simple and obstructive chronic bronchitis. The decrease in the MC rates was more pronounced in the central than in the peripheral airways. A significant (p less than 0.001) correlation was found between the extent of smoking (pack years) and the decrease of MC. The results suggest that the decrease of MC is an early functional abnormality in smokers, which precedes the development of symptoms of chronic bronchitis as well as functional detectability of airways obstruction.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1985

Influence of 0.2 mg ipratropium bromide on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis.

14 patients with chronic bronchitis were subdivided into 2 groups of 7 patients. They were given at random 10 puffs of placebo or ipratropium bromide (0.2 mg). The mucociliary clearance rate was measured immediately after ipratropium inhalation (group 1) or 24 h after ipratropium inhalation (group 2). In group 1, the mucociliary clearance after ipratropium bromide was significantly better than after placebo (p less than 0.01). In group 2 there was no difference in the mucociliary clearance rates measured after ipratropium bromide or placebo, but the clearance rate still tended in favour of ipratropium bromide. We conclude that ipratropium bromide should be inhaled in high doses (0.2 mg) by hypersecretory patients with chronic bronchitis to improve mucociliary transport.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mucociliary clearance and airways obstruction in smokers, ex-smokers and normal subjects who never smoked.

On 17 ex-smokers (7 without chronic bronchitis, 10 with chronic bronchitis) and 48 smokers (13 without chronic bronchitis, 35 with chronic bronchitis) we analyzed the correlation between smoking habits (pack years, smoking and ex-smoking time), mucociliary clearance rate (mC) and airways obstruction. The mC was measured with 99mTc tagged monodisperse erythrocytes. The static and dynamic lung volumes, the maximal expiratory flow volume curve and the airway resistance were measured by whole body plethysmography. The ex-smokers without chronic bronchitis showed the same mucociliary clearance rate (t-mC in 1 h = 38.3 +/- 10.3%) as the 80 control subjects who never smoked (t-mC in 1 h = 36.9 +/- 12.6%). But the subjects who never smoked showed less airway obstruction. The mucociliary clearance rate in normal subjects who never smoked is a function of age: t-mC in 1 h = -0.37 X age + 53; c-mC in 1 h = -0.45 X age + 73; p-mC in 1 h = -0.25 X age + 38. The smokers without chronic bronchitis showed normal ventilatory function tests but a lower mC rate (t-mC in 1 h = 27.8 +/- 12.3%) than the healthy ex-smokers and the control subjects who never smoked (p less than 0.01). The ex-smokers and smokers with chronic bronchitis had a lower mC rate (t-mC in 1 h = 21.2 +/- 11.3% and 18.1 +/- 9.1) and more airway obstruction (p less than 0.001) than the subjects who did not report any symptoms of chronic bronchitis. The ex-smokers with persistent symptoms of chronic bronchitis showed the severest degree of airways obstruction. The smokers with chronic bronchitis showed the most delayed central mC (c-mC) rate, but less airway obstruction than the ex-smokers with persistent symptoms of chronic bronchitis. The smoking habits (pack years) correlated with the decreased mC rate (p less than 0.01) and the degree of airways obstruction (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The connections between smoking, mucociliary clearance and airway obstruction].

The connection between smoking habits (pack years, smoker and ex-smoker period), mucociliary clearance (mC) and the obstruction of the respiratory passages was investigated in 17 ex-smokers (7 without bronchitis; 10 with bronchitis) and 48 smokers (13 without bronchitis; 35 with bronchitis). The ex-smokers without chronic bronchitis showed the same clearing behaviour as the healthy non-smokers, but the non-smokers did not have the least obstruction of the respiratory system. The smokers without chronic bronchitis showed a normal lung function, but a worse clearing behaviour than the healthy non- and ex-smokers (p less than 0,01). Compared to volunteers without bronchitic symptoms the ex-smokers and smokers with chronic bronchitis had a bad clearing behaviour (p less than 0,001) and a distinctly obstructive ventilation disorder. Furthermore, it was noticeable that the ex-smokers with persistent bronchitis showed the worst respiratory system obstructions, whilst the smokers with chronic bronchitis had the greatest restriction of the central mC (c-mC) with less respiratory system obstruction than the ex-smokers with chronic bronchitis. The smoking habits (pack years) correlated with the decrease of the mC (p less than 0,01) and the grade of the respiratory system obstruction (p less than 0,001).

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1983

[Stimulation of limited sperm motility and mucociliary clearance of the lung with theophyllin-ethylendiamin].

The influence of oral aminophylline (Phyllotemp ret., 2 X 225 mg) on the mucociliary clearance of the lung and on sperm motility was examined in 13 patients with asthenospermia vs. placebo because the anatomic structure of the cilia of the sperm cells and of the respiratory epithelium cells is similar. The mucociliary clearance was measured by means of radioactive tagged (99 mTc) monodisperse particles (erythrocytes from the patients). To attain a reproducible deposition pattern, the particles were inhaled during a slow inspiratory vital capacity maneuvre. The i.v. application of aminophylline (6 mg/kg body weight) to four normal subjects increased the mucociliary clearance in three of the four volunteers vs. placebo. The elimination rate of the particles increased under treatment with aminophylline from 29% +/- 12% to 46% +/- 19%, but only in seven of the 13 patients with asthenospermia. Sperm motility increased in all of the patients from 33% +/- 12% to 54% +/- 14%. No correlation was found between the increase in the mucociliary clearance and the sperm motility. The reasons for this difference will be discussed. Theophylline can be recommended for the treatment of male infertility in cases of asthenospermia.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1983

Mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial carcinoma.

We measured the mucociliary clearance rates and lung function data of 40 normal subjects, of 30 smokers with chronic bronchitis and of 64 patients with bronchial carcinoma. The mucociliary clearance rate of cancer patients was significantly lower than that of normal subjects and of patients with chronic bronchitis who smoked the same amount of cigarettes. The fast clearing phase of the central bronchial tree is more delayed than the peripheral mucociliary clearance rate in smokers with and without carcinoma. With our mucociliary clearance measurement we assessed the self-cleaning filter function of about the first 10 generations of the branching bronchial tree where also most bronchial carcinomas develop. The correlation between lung function data (MMEF) and smoking habits is much better (r = 0.73) than with the measured mucociliary clearance rates (r = 0.3), suggesting that inborn errors of mucociliary transport are nearly as important as external lung damage due to smoking and infection in the development of chronic bronchitis and bronchial carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

[A new method for the measurement of regional lung ventilation].

The measurement of regional ventilation with radioactive gases (133Xe, 81Kr) is complicated and expensive. By means of a special device the authors have produced a 99mTc-aerosol with a particle size of less than 2.5 micrometer. If this aerosol is inhaled during a slow inspiratory vital capacity manoeuvre, the distribution of ventilation can also be estimated in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Comparative measurement of ventilation distribution with 133Xe and the 99mTc-aerosol in patients with severe airway obstruction demonstrates the reliability of the aerosol deposition pattern in assessing ventilated volume distribution in the lung 132 measurements in patients with clinical signs of lung emboli demonstrate the clinical applicability of the new device.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

Intrahepatic cystic bile duct dilatations and stone formation: a new case of Caroli's disease.

Caroli's disease is a rare familial anomaly with circumscribed saccular dilatations of enlarged intrahepatic bile ducts coated by regular or pseudopapillomatous epithelium. The disease may be combined with additional malformations of the extrahepatic biliary tract as well as with medullary sponge kidney. Infection and stone formation are frequent complications. Surgery is indicated if the disease is limited to one love which should be resected or if biliary obstruction in diffuse disease necessitates biliodigestive anastomosis. Antibiotics and CDCA-mediation are essential for symptomatic therapy. We analysed the findings in 40 cases including one own observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Inhibition of epidermis proliferation by borderline rays].

Treatment of guinea pig flanks with very soft X-rays (borderline rays) may stop the uptake of 3H-Tdr during the DNA synthesis phase of epidermal germinative cells. Evidence of increased proliferative activity at any time after the irradiation can only be seen as a symptom of secondary reactive repair processes.

Animals↗