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Biomedical subjects

G Dal Pozzo

Publications and source records attributed to G Dal Pozzo.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
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Lower cranial nerve palsy due to dissection of the internal carotid artery: CT and MR imaging.

Three patients with unilateral lower cranial nerve palsy underwent contrast enhanced CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the investigation of possible compressive pathology in the region of the jugular foramen. Computed tomography revealed a mural crescentic hypodensity of the corresponding internal carotid artery (ICA) in two patients and a faulty visualization of the vessel in one. Magnetic resonance revealed a corresponding hyperintense lesion expanding the wall and narrowing the lumen of the cervical ICA on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Dissection of the ICA was confirmed by angiography in all three patients. Among the possible etiologies of lower cranial nerve palsy, a dissecting hematoma of the cervical ICA must be considered, which can be diagnosed by CT and MR.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mottled MR appearance of a hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage at 0.5 T.

A hypertensive patient was examined by CT and magnetic resonance (0.5 T) within 3 h from stroke onset. Computed tomography revealed a thalamocapsular hemorrhage. Hematoma was isointense to the white matter on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted spin echo images. The T2-weighted gradient echo images showed a mixture of hypointense and hyperintense signal. This latter aspect has not previously been reported and is probably related to abundant intracellular deoxyhemoglobin in clotted areas rich in red blood cells.

Acute Disease↗
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Brain study using magnetic resonance imaging and proton MR spectroscopy in pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess and monitor brain damage in patients with pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS). METHODS: Twenty-four SLE patients, both symptomatic or asymptomatic for central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and 20 controls were examined. Each individual underwent a diagnostic MRI using a 1.5 T Philips ACS-NT scanner including transverse T2-weighted (T2W) spin echo, transverse FLuid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), and sagittal T2W turbo spin echo 5 mm slices. In addition, single voxel proton MR spectroscopy localized on the supraventricular region was performed in all patients and controls. Patients were re-examined after one year. RESULTS: 75% of SLE patients had clinical CNS involvement; 46% showed abnormal MRI (3 of them, in the absence of neurologic signs); 4 SLE patients showed N-acetylaspartate/Creatine (NAA/Cr) ratios significantly lower than the controls. Among 5 SLE patients examined at the onset of the disease, 1 had MRI alterations and another showed a decrease of NAA/Cr values. Three patients with relapses showed a correlation between the course of the disease and the NAA/Cr ratios. CONCLUSION: MRI and H-MRS are non-invasive techniques that might be useful, in some cases, in detecting CNS involvement in SLE patients and monitoring the disease course and efficacy of pharmacological treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnetic resonance-diskography correlation for the therapeutic approach of lumbar herniated disk].

In order to evaluate MR reliability in the therapeutic approach to lumbar disk herniation, 51 patients were examined. MR images revealed disk herniation with integrity of posterior longitudinal ligament in 25 subjects. These patients were then examined with diskography, that confirmed MR diagnosis in 23/25 cases. Percutaneous diskectomy according to Onik was successfully performed in 23/25 patients. MR imaging appears as a non-invasive method which allows exhaustive analysis of all components of lumbar spine, yielding reliable information for choosing the appropriate treatment.

Adult↗
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[Nuclear magnetic resonance study of oculomotor alterations in multiple sclerosis].

The authors employing N.M.R. have studied 18 patients affected by M.S. with oculomotor alterations. In 16 cases a relation between location of the lesions and clinical features has been documented; in 2 cases with subclinical paralysis N.M.R. has not documented macroscopic lesions in the brainstem: the presence of multiple lesions in the cerebral white matter however is indicative of supranuclear centers involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnetic resonance study of lesions of the cervical spinal cord in multiple sclerosis].

Lesions consistent with demyelinating plaques were retrospectively identified in the cervical spinal cord of 15/49 patients (31%) with multiple sclerosis examined with cranial and cervical MR imaging. The lesions appeared as hyperintense areas on proton-density and T2-weighted images. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of spinal cord location of the demyelinating plaques were observed in 14 of the 15 patients presenting with spinal cord lesions at MR, and also in 11 of the 34 patients with negative MR findings. In 2 patients the cervical lesion was not associated with brain lesions at MR, while in 1 patient it was associated with medullary dilatation. Serial MRs revealed disappearance of the cervical hyperintense area in both patients, and reduction in medullary volume in the latter. Therefore, MR imaging of the cervical spinal cord is suggested as an useful examination in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis, particularly in those presenting with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of spinal cord involvement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computer tomography-guided stereotaxic biopsy of intracranial lesions. Simple technic for the calculation of coordinates; method for the reduction of operative risk in the critical areas of the brain].

The authors describe an original technique to calculate the coordinates for CT-guided stereotactic biopsies of brain lesions. On the basis of simple trigonometric formulas it is possible to get an accuracy of +/- 1 mm. By means of the standard software of a high precision CT and with a CT-compatible stereotactic apparatus the x, y, and z coordinates are obtained in a quick and reliable way. A further development of the trigonometric approach to the stereotactic calculations is the "double target technique". It allows to preset the path of the biopsy-device through a selected point, to reach the final target: in this way a valuable reduction of the surgical risk is afforded especially in critical areas of the brain (brain stem, pineal region etc.).

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance in the study of cranial nerves.

The course of cranial nerves was studied by means of magnetic resonance (MR), which allowed a multiplane visualization of the investigated structures. The obtained results showed that MR was an excellent method for visualization of the optic, trigeminal, facial and acoustica nerves. The oculomotor and the abducent nerves were detectable only in some regions where the contrast with the surrounding structures was greater. The glossopharingeus, vegus and accessory nerves were identifiable only in the first tract of emergency from the encephalic trunk and they could no be distinguished separately. The trochlear nerve was seldom visible whereas the olfactory nerve failed to be revealed. Further technological progress will allow for additional advances as regards the acquisition of knowledge concerning these important nerves.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidermal nevus syndrome: MR of intracranial involvement.

Focal thickening of the calvarium, hypoplasia of the white matter, cortical calcifications, and a leptomeningeal drape that enhanced after contrast injection were demonstrated by MR in the parietooccipital region ipsilateral to a facial sebaceous nevus in a patient with epidermal nevus syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI and SPECT investigations of the CNS in SLE patients.

Twenty-two SLE patients were examined with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). Multifocal areas of cerebral blood flow (CBF) defects were found in 81.8% of the patients. These alterations were present in patients with severe neurological disorders, in those with neuropsychiatric symptoms only, and also in asymptomatic cases. Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were detected in all patients, but no correlation was found between serum aCL positivity and neurological involvement. The high incidence of cerebral blood flow disorders found in asymptomatic patients, and their poor correlation with the MRI alterations suggest a primary defect of CBF in these patients.

Adolescent↗