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Biomedical subjects

G Debry

Publications and source records attributed to G Debry.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Metabolic effects of acarbose in young healthy men.

To explore the long-term metabolic effects of acarbose in man, 6 healthy men (25 +/- 2 years; BMI: 21.6 +/- 2.7) were fed a controlled diet in a metabolic ward for 7 consecutive weeks. After an initial 3-week period to ensure a metabolic steady-state, they received 300 mg/d of acarbose (100 mg before each meal) for the remaining 4 weeks. Stool and urine collections were made over 7 d on weeks 3 and 7. Faecal excretion of water, nitrogen, carbohydrate, fat, zinc, magnesium, copper, chromium, iron, calcium and phosphorus and urinary excretion of nitrogen, urea and calcium were measured. In addition, fasting and postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as fasting triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoproteins (Apo) A-I, A-II, and B, zinc and copper, vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and E concentrations were measured before and at the end of the acarbose period. Weight, food consumption, and water balance were not modified by acarbose. Faecal nitrogen excretion increased significantly but the nitrogen balance remained positive. Faecal excretion of carbohydrate, fat, iron and chromium were significantly increased by acarbose. Apos A-I and A-II decreased significantly. Plasma levels of vitamin B6 increased and vitamin A concentrations decreased with acarbose. This study provides new insights into the metabolic effects of acarbose with respect to nitrogen, mineral and vitamin metabolism.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1987

Effect of parental malnutrition on enzyme content of rat pancreas.

The aim of this study was to assess in rat pups the influence of protein diets ingested by their mothers during gestation and lactation on the enzyme content of the pancreas of the offspring. Rat pups born of either well-nourished mothers or of mothers fed a diet moderately restricted in protein (9% casein w/w) were studied. After weaning, the pups were fed on one of three diets: a well-balanced diet, a 5% casein diet (protein restricted), or a well-balanced diet of a similar caloric value as the protein-restricted diet (pair-fed rat pups). The pups were sacrificed after intervals of one to 25 weeks after weaning. The results showed that the enzyme content of the pancreas increased progressively with time in pups born of malnourished mothers, particularly in pups fed the protein-restricted diet. This suggests prolonged maturation of the pancreas. Pups fed the 5% casein diet had a decreased amylase content per milligram of DNA but not of other enzymes. Malnutrition in the mother increased the ratio of enzymes to DNA and the total pancreatic enzyme content at different times after weaning, indicating that maternal malnutrition had a prolonged effect on the pancreatic enzyme content of the pups' pancreas. This mechanism could play a role in the pathogenesis of tropical chronic calcific pancreatitis in man and explain some of the geographic differences in the incidence of the disease.

Amylases↗
PubMed1986

[Elimination kinetics of organochlorine compounds in the 1st week of breast feeding].

The elimination kinetics of organochlorine compounds (DDE, lindane, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide and heptachlor) from day 2 to day 10 of breast feeding was studied in 39 volunteers who had a baby in the Maternity Department in Nancy. If there was any contamination of the mothers' milk with DDT, the levels were below the level of detection. In contrast, contamination with DDE was high (112.6 ng/g fat content) on day 2, although it decreased rapidly, to 38.6 ng/g by day 3. On day 2, contamination with lindane, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide and heptachlor averaged 43.8, 23.5, 25.4 and 7.4 ng/g fat, respectively, and the levels showed a linear decrease on subsequent days in all cases except that of heptachlor, for which no significant negative correlation with time could be demonstrated. A breast-fed infant thus absorbs measurable quantities of pesticides but not in excess of the acceptable daily doses. Levels of contamination of human milk in France are lower than those reported in Canadian and Italian studies but are higher than the levels in formulated milk.

Aldrin↗
PubMed1979

The effect of dietary sulfur-containing amino acids on the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat-liver microsomes.

Male Wistar rats were fed either a balanced diet whose protein source was a mixture of amino acids (diet 1), or a similar diet which differed only in having 48% less the quantity of the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cystine (diet 2). The diets were given either continuously for 1 month or for 15 days after a protein-free diet. Both diets 1 and 2 permitted good growth of rats and relatively stable microsomal protein content. Protein depletion decreased the total proteins, total phospholipids, and cytochrome P-450 content, and it strongly increased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in rat-liver microsomes. Repletion with diet 1 restored those values, to the level found in control rats. However, diet 2, given continuously induced an increase in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity and in the cytochrome P-450 concentration. Since high UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity was related to lessened amounts of sulfur-containing amino acids in the diet, we discuss the possible effect of methionine and cystine on the regulation of glucuronoconjugation in relation to sulfoconjugation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

[Study of lipid metabolic coefficient K2 in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IV before and after reduction of triglyceride level by adapted diet therapy].

An intravenous fat tolerance test (IV FTT) was performed in a group of patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia before and after reduction of triglyceride level, the latter is obtained through a diet adapted to the nutritional sensitivity, body weight remaining constant. Before the diet the increase in cholesterol (CT) and triglycerides (TG) was related in both obese and non-obese patients to an increase in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), while other lipoprotein fractions were not affected. In these patients, K2 is significantly lower than in controls whatever the nutritional sensitivity. However, K2 is lower in obese patients than in patients with normal weight, VLDL-CT and VLDL-TG are tremendously reduced by the relevant diet and K2 is constantly and significantly increased, although it does not reach a normal value in obese subjects. There is a highly significant correlation between VLDL-TG levels and K2 in obese and non-obese subjects. Several physiopathological explanations are discussed to account for the variation of K2 according to TG levels. The results obtained support the view that the K2 defect is secondary to the hyperlipoproteinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Dynamic study of the blood viscosity of insulin-dependent diabetics by means of an artificial pancreas.

The blood viscosity of 15 insulin-dependent, poorly controlled, diabetic subjects was determined by using a microviscosimeter at low shear rates, with cylindrical cuvettes of the Couette type. It was found that the blood viscosity of these diabetics was more elevated than that of control patients (p less than 0.001). In ten diabetics, the return to a strict metabolic control over a period of more than 24 h by means of an artificial pancreas resulted in a significant systematic lowering of blood viscosity. These results suggest that the metabolic control of diabetes influences blood viscosity, and they underline the importance of an artificial pancreas for the dynamic study of the factors affecting blood viscosity during the course of diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

High molecular weight substances with insulin immunoreactivity.

Substances which react with anti-insulin antibodies, but have a higher molecular weight than insulin are described. They have been studied by various authors in pancreatic adenomas, pancreas extracts, serum and cell-free systems. Proinsulin was the first of these products to be discovered, followed by its precursor, pre-proinsulin, and subsequently by a whole series of substances of ill-defined composition and more or less similar properties, grouped under the heading of "high molecular weight immunoreactive insulin" (HWIRI).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Effects of ornithine alphaketoglutarate on blood insulin, glucagon and aminoacids in alcoholic cirrhosis.

After summing up existing theories about the origins and development of functional hepatic encephalopathy, the authors report on the effects of six-hour intravenous infusions of ornithine alphaketoglutarate (60 g dissolved in 500 ml distilled water), administered to 10 patients with ethylic hepatic cirrhosis in conjunction with a normal protein intake (70 g/day). Arterial blood ammonemia, venous blood aminoacidemia and the insulin/glucagon ratio did not vary during or after infusion. This method of treatment therefore seems to meet the protein requirements of these undernourished patients.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

The feet in diabetes. Roentgenologic observation in 1501 cases.

The manifestations of diabetic osteoarthropathy are described. Computerized analysis of the films of the feet of 1501 diabetic patients showed one or more lesions in 55% of patients. Exostosis (36%), vascular calcifications (25%) and osteoporosis (12.2%) are by far the most frequent symptoms. Geodes (3.7%), destructive lesions (3.9%), sclerosis (4%) and articular lesions (5.1%) are second in frequency. Osteolytic lesions and reconstruction showed a high female predominance, whereas sclerosis is predominant in males (61.6--38.4%).

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1978

[Stability of lipid and protein composition of very low-density lipoproteins during the storage after freezing of whole serum and isolated lipoproteins (author's transl)].

The lipid and protein composition of lipoprotein is now regarded with great interest for the identification of hyperlipoproteinemias. Because this relatively time-consuming study cannot be envisaged currently in clinical services, it seems useful to analyse a storage procedure which does not affect the composition of very-low density lipoproteins, whose proportion is very important among subjects with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Two studies were considered, one using whole sera stored at -20 degrees C and one using very low-density lipoproteins held in the same conditions. The lipid composition was determined for triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations of total proteins, proteins soluble in tetramethylurea (apoprotein C, "arginine-rich fraction", and apoprotein D), and peptides CII, CIII1 and CIII2 of apoprotein C. For both procedures considered, no significant changes were seen in lipid and protein composition for periods as long as 8 weeks.

Apolipoproteins↗