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G Debus

Publications and source records attributed to G Debus.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Studies on the effect of oxprenolol on experimentally induced anxiety (author's transl)].

This experiment studied the question of whether the receptor blocking agent oxprenolol (20 mg) influences somatic and subjective responses to experimentally induced anxiety. 72 male students were Ss in a two-factorial design with type of drug (oxprenolol, placebo) and type of situation as the two factors. Anxiety was induced by the signaled application of shocks to one arm, under condition A with and under condition B without time control (clock available or not). Condition C was a control condition with neither shock nor time control. Heart rate, blood pressure and verbal reports of emotional experience were measured. An analysis of variance revealed the following: Oxprenolol showed physiological effects typical of a receptor blocking agent. The drug positively affected emotional experience not related to the experimentally induced anxiety but did not affect the emotional responses induced by the anxiety-provoking conditions. For explaining the results the possible meaning of the variable "internal vs external control of emotional responses" was considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Methodological and theoretical aspects of the evaluation of psychotropic drugs in normal healthy volunteers (author's transl)].

The paper points out that the current theories about the effects of psychiatric drugs in healthy human individuals is primarily a function of the methodological approaches applied in psychopharmacological research. Three approaches are distinguished: the diagnostic, the differential-psychological and the experimental-psychological approach. Within the diagnostic approach psychological-diagnostic instruments (e.g. tests) are considered to be able to measure specific effects of drugs (e.g. concentration). The differential-psychological approach takes into account inter- and intraindividual differences in psychological and psychophysiological variables (e.g. personality traits, actual state variables), which are responsible for the kind of drug effect on certain variables. The experimental-psychological approach typically studies drugs from the viewpoint of psychological theories concerning those psychological variables supposed to be affected by the drug (e.g. anxiety, attention). For each of these approaches the theoretical concept, the data gathering procedure, the kind of data interpretation, and the empirical adequacy are discussed. Meaning and usefulness of such terms as "Eigenwirkung", primary and secondary effect, main and side effect, and paradoxical effect are considered.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1976

[Comparison of experimental-psychological and clinical findings on the effect of a test substance (author's transl)].

The results of a pharmacopsychological study on male students high or low in emotional stability are compared to those of a clinical study on neurotic out- and inpatients. These studies examine the effects of diazepam and various doses of a thienodiazepine (Bay g 5653), a drug under investigation. Although the studies are not completely comparable (placebo control missing in the clinical study, not enough information about comparable base line measures) the differences in effects of Bay g 5653 and diazepam on the actual emotional state, as measured by an adjective check list, show a certain amount of correspondence between normal subjects and patients but also considerable discrepancies.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Pharmacopsychologic studies on normal subjects for the prediction of the therapeutic efficiency of psychotropic drugs].

The paper deals with some basic problems and possibilities of predicting the therapeutic efficiency of psychotropic drugs from studies in normal humans. Comparing drug studies with normal subjects and patients it seems evident that from a methodological and economical point of view studies with normal subjects have many advantages. However, the practical importance of drug studies with normal subjects is limited unless the therapeutic efficiency of a drug can be predicted. There are some arguments which deny the possibility of prediction, e.g. referring to the lack of comparability of dosages, administration regimens, situational parameters and psychosomatic states between normal subjects and patients. Discussing such arguments it is pointed out that perfect comparability of all these factors is not a necessary prerequisite of prediction. A number of theoretically possible models for predicting therapeutic efficiency is suggested. For some of them there already exists some empirical evidence. The first model takes into account the inter- and intra- individual variability of behavior. It is suggested that a state corresponding to the psychosomatic state of patients be approximated, or simulated, in the normal subjects by suitable selection procedures of subjects or by manipulation of the experimental conditions. The usefulness of such a model for predicting therapeutic efficiency has been shown in many studies with anti-anxiety agents. In another model the drug profiles of normal subjects and patients are compared and the prediction is based upon drug effects in normal subjects which can also be seen in patients and which have a high correlation to the patients' improvement. A further model assumes that improvement is partly the result of learning processes. The prediction of therapeutic efficiency is, therefore, based upon the properties of a drug to facilitate or inhibit learning processes. The final two models proposed, predict limitations of therapeutic efficiency. The one model takes into account side-effects; the other the variability of drug response due to situational and person-parameters.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prenatal manifestation of a congenital glioblastoma - Case report].

In prenatal ultrasound screening, internal hydrocephalus and intracranial bleeding of the fetus are considered as primary diagnostic signs for a congenital brain tumor. We report the prenatal sonographic diagnosis of a congenital glioblastoma due to acute fetal internal hydrocephalus in the 37th week of gestation. After birth, the tumor's hyperechoic appearance on ultrasound was indistinguishable from intracranial bleeding. Diagnosis of a congenital glioblastoma (WHO stage IV) was confirmed by subtotal tumorectomy in the 9th week of life. In the international literature, only 6 cases of prenatally diagnosed glioblastomas have so far been reported, all of which associated with sonographically diagnosed fetal hydrocephalus. Further sonographic signs for a brain tumor are the tumor mass itself, a polyhydramnion, enlarged biparietal diameters and head circumferences, as well as suspected intracranial bleeding.

Adult↗