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Biomedical subjects

G Del Rio

Publications and source records attributed to G Del Rio.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Very low calorie diet induces opposite effects on sympathetic nervous system and adrenomedullary responses.

The effect of very low calorie diet (VLCD) on catecholamine excretion during 24 h was examined in nine obese men, with normal blood pressure, maintained on low sodium balance, after 3 days and 14 days of the diet period. A significant decrease in the total daily noradrenaline (NA) excretion was observed at the end of the diet (P less than 0.05). The daily excretion of adrenaline (A) increased (P less than 0.05) with a fall in the NA/A ratio (5.1 +/- 2.6 vs 12.5 +/- 3.7; P less than 0.03). The results demonstrate that the sympathetic nervous system is influenced to a greater extent by caloric intake than sodium homeostasis and that the VLCD exerts different effects on SNS and adrenomedullary secretion.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1987

Insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes: quantitative contributions of pancreatic and peripheral responses to glucose homeostasis.

A non-steady state dose-response study was designed to quantitate peripheral sensitivity to insulin and pancreatic responsiveness to glucose, and to assess their relative contribution to glucose intolerance in Type 2 diabetes (Type 2 DM, non-insulin-dependent). Eleven lean and eleven obese patients with mild diabetes (fasting plasma glucose, FPG, 10.3 +/- 1.0 and 9.4 +/- 0.6 mmol l-1, respectively) were examined; twenty-six lean and twelve weight-matched obese subjects served as controls. Pancreatic response was measured by sequential injection of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.9 g kg-1 glucose; peripheral sensitivity to insulin was determined from the rate of clearance (Kgluc) of 0.3 g glucose injected sequentially together with 25, 50 and 100 mU insulin kg-1 or with 0, 12.5 and 50 mU kg-1, under somatostatin infusion. The mean dose-response curve describing glucose-induced insulin release showed increased maximal capacity to secrete insulin in obese controls, while the responses of lean as well as obese Type 2 DM were reduced by more than 80%. The mean dose-response curves relating plasma exogenous insulin levels to Kgluc were similar in lean diabetics and lean controls. The curves of both obese controls and obese diabetics were shifted to the right, demonstrating similar insulin resistance. In four lean controls, sensitivity to insulin was tested also during a hyperglycemic clamp set at 10.3 +/- 0.6 mmol l-1. Hyperglycemia reduced the Kgluc at all insulin levels. Individual dose-response curves were transformed to single weighted numerical pancreatic responsiveness scores [PRS], and peripheral sensitivity scores [PSS].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effects of flurazepam on sleep studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

We studied five male nonobese patients (mean age, 61 years) who had moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Each patient underwent three successive nights of systematic monitoring of sleep variables. On nights 2 and 3, patients received placebo and flurazepam (30 mg). Patients were also given flurazepam (15 mg) for seven consecutive nights and underwent sleep monitoring on nights 1 and 7. Two patients exhibited oxygen desaturation during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, both spontaneously and after administration of flurazepam. The three other patients had no nocturnal oxygen desaturation, either spontaneously or after ingestion of flurazepam. We concluded that sleep-induced respiratory abnormalities are not systematically worsened by flurazepam. Flurazepam (15 mg) had no effect on the sleep disturbances of our patients with COPD after seven nights of administration.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The isolated C3 in the 'vascular pole' in patients with primary haematuria.

Among sixty-four patients with primary haematuria, immunofluorescence methods revealed seven cases (11%) with isolated C3 deposits in the 'vascular pole'. Serum complement were normal and the follow-up after 20-41 months indicate a benign course. In patients with C3 deposits in the 'vascular pole' light microscopy was normal. We never observed C3 deposits in specimens of normal kidney which were processed by the same methods using mono-specific antisera confirmed by immunoelectrophoresis. This entity defined by immunofluorescence methods, can be called 'vascular pole disease'.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An assessment of the intramuscular and intravenous administration of mezlocillin in urinary tract infections.

The efficacy of mezlocillin in urinary tract infections was assessed using both the intramuscular and intravenous route. Patients with comparable diseases were divided into two groups. The microorganisms were sensitive to mezlocillin. Thirty patients were given i. m. doses and 20 i. v. doses. These patients had upper or lower urinary tract infections. The doses were 2 g i. v. or 1 g i. m. every eight hours. Treatment lasted for an average of six days. The MICs for mezlocillin were determined for the strains isolated, all of which were gram-negative organisms, with the exception of nine enterococci. In addition, sensitivity to cephalothin, carbenicillin and gentamicin was determined using the disc diffusion test. The geometric means of the MICs for mezlocillin were 3.85, 2.8 and 1.3 mg/l against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and enterococci, respectively. There were no marked differences in activity between the i. m. and i. v. routes on Days 1, 7, 14, 30 and 60 after treatment. There was a short-term cure rate of 79% with mezlocillin, independent of the route of administration; reinfections were observed in 8% of the cases and the infection persisted in 13%. There are no significant differences between our results and those from other studies on mezlocillin and piperacillin. There was no indication of toxicity, nor were there deviations in the haematological and biochemical parameters. One patient had severe pruritus following each i. m. injection; the treatment had to be discontinued.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronobiology of catecholamine excretion in normal and diabetic men.

The adrenomedullary response to stimuli is often elevated in poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetic patients, and it is controversial whether the adrenomedullary hyperactivity induces the suppression of the circadian rhythm of catecholamines. We have studied the urinary excretion of catecholamines in 11 diabetic patients during 48 h in 4-h collections. Eleven age and weight matched normal subjects served as controls. A circadian rhythm was detected for adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion both in normal and diabetic subjects, with the highest value for both catecholamines in the early afternoon. The mean daily adrenaline levels were significantly higher in diabetic than in control subjects (p less than 0.05). The dopamine excretion was correlated with noradrenaline excretion in normal subjects but did not show a definite circadian rhythm. We conclude that the adrenomedullary hyperactivity does not affect the rhythmic fluctuations of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The dopamine excretion does not show circadian variations and this probably reflects the absence of a single controlling oscillator.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Daily variations in catecholamine excretion are not influenced by very low calorie diet in obese women.

The increase in metabolic efficiency during energy restriction seems to be an established phenomenon in obese patients. The sympathoadrenal system is involved in the control of energy expenditure and the catecholamine responses to stimuli vary during the day. We therefore studied the circadian pattern of urinary catecholamine excretion during 4-h collections for two consecutive days in a group of 20 obese female patients during and after a very low calorie diet (500 kcal/die). The diet period induced a significant weight loss in all the patients studied (99.1 +/- 3.7 vs 92.5 +/- 4.1 Kg; p < 0.01). The mean daily excretion of epinephrine did not change after 24 days of diet restriction when compared with the value obtained at the 4th day (12.0 +/- 2.5 vs 10.3 +/- 2.2 nmol/4 h respectively; p = NS) while a slight decrease was observed in the mean daily excretion of norepinephrine (52.5 +/- 8.7 vs 66.6 +/- 9.3 nmol/4 h respectively; p = NS). A circadian rhythm was detected for epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion both during and after very low calorie diet. No significant changes were found in the chronobiological characteristics of epinephrine and norepinephrine with the peak of excretion in the afternoon both during (epinephrine: 16:30 h; norepinephrine: 16:45 h) and after the diet (epinephrine: 17:35 h; norepinephrine: 18:00 h). It seems doubtful that alterations in the chronobiological pattern of catecholamines play a role in the metabolic adaptation occurring during very low calorie diet in obese females.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress and the erectile response to intracavernosal prostaglandin E1 in men with erectile dysfunction.

The erectile response to intracavernosal injection (ICI) of smooth muscle relaxants is often impaired in men with presumed psychogenic erectile dysfunction. This study tests the hypothesis that such impairment results from stress-related increase in circulating norepinephrine (NE). Fifty-nine men with erectile dysfunction had their nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) monitored over 2 nights, and ICI of 10 micrograms prostaglandin E1 was given on the second morning. Psychometric and neuroendocrine measures of stress, including plasma and urinary catecholamines, were taken on both mornings. Inhibition of the ICI response was determined by the difference between NPT and ICI responses, and two groups of "high inhibition" and "low inhibition" men were compared. The high inhibition group showed higher "Trait" and "State" anxiety and a neuroendocrine profile of higher initial cortisol and lower plasma catecholamine levels than the low inhibition group. These differences were evident on both mornings and hence were not specifically related to the ICI. There was no support for the hypothesis that inhibition of response to ICI results from increased circulating NE, though the possibility that increased NE release occurred specifically in the erectile tissues could not be excluded.

Adult↗