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G Deutsch

Publications and source records attributed to G Deutsch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Glycoconjugates are stage- and position-specific cell surface molecules in the developing olfactory system, 1: The CC1 immunoreactive glycolipid defines a rostrocaudal gradient in the rat vomeronasal system.

Primary sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) project axons to the glomeruli of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) where they form connections with mitral cell dendrites. We demonstrate here that monoclonal antibodies to specific carbohydrate antigens define stage- and position-specific events during the development of the vomeronasal system (VN). CC1 monoclonal antibodies react with specific N-acetyl galactosamine containing glycolipids. In the embryo, CC1 antigens are expressed throughout the VNO and on vomeronasal nerves. Beginning approximately at birth and continuing into adults, CC1 expression is spatially restricted in the VNO to centrally located cell bodies. In the postnatal AOB, CC1 is expressed in the nerve layer and glomeruli, but only in the rostral half of the AOB. These data suggest that CC1 antigens may participate in the targeting of axons from centrally located VNO neurons to rostral glomeruli in the AOB. In contrast, CC2 monoclonal antibodies, which recognize complex alpha-galactosyl and alpha-fucosyl glycoproteins and glycolipids, react with all VNO cell bodies and VN nerves from embryonic (E) day 15 to adults. CC2 antibodies do not distinguish rostral from caudal regions of the AOB, nor are the CC2 glycoconjugates developmentally regulated. P-Path monoclonal antibodies, which recognize 9-O-acetyl sialic acid, react with cell bodies in the VNO and nerve fibers from E13 to postnatal (P) day 2. P-Path immunoreactivity disappears from the VNO system almost completely by P14, when only a few P-Path reactive nerve fibers can be seen. These studies suggest that specific cell surface glycoconjugates may participate in spatially and temporally selective cell-cell interactions during development and maintenance of vomeronasal connections.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Glycoconjugates are stage- and position-specific cell surface molecules in the developing olfactory system, 2: Unique carbohydrate antigens are topographic markers for selective projection patterns of olfactory axons.

Three monoclonal antibodies specific for different carbohydrate antigens were used to analyze the development of the olfactory system in rats. CC2 antibodies react with a subset of main olfactory neurons, their axons, and terminals in the olfactory bulb. CC2 antigens are expressed on dorsomedial neurons in the olfactory epithelium (OE) from embryonic (E) day 15 to adults. In the olfactory bulb (OB), only dorsomedially located glomeruli express CC2 glycoconjugates from postnatal day (P) 2 to adults. Thus CC2 defines a dorsomedially organized projection that is established early in embryonic development and continues in adults. P-Path antibodies react with antigens that are expressed on the olfactory nerve in embryos, and are also detected on cell bodies in the neuroepithelium and in glomeruli of the OB at P2. At P14, P-Path staining is weaker, but remains present on many cells in the epithelium and in many glomeruli in the bulb. Postnatally, P-Path immunostaining continues to decrease in most regions of the OE and OB. At P35 and afterwards, only a few P-Path-positive neuronal cells can be detected in the OE. Furthermore, after P35 only two groups of glomeruli in the OB are P-Path immunoreactive. One is situated adjacent to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) at the dorsocaudal surface of the OB. The other is adjacent to the AOB at the ventrocaudal surface of the OB. Thus, in adults, P-Path glycoconjugates are expressed in neurons and axons that project only to a specific subset of caudal glomeruli of the OB. Monoclonal antibody 1B2, reacts with beta-galactose-terminating glycolipids and glycoproteins. At P2, 1B2 immunoreactivity is seen on a subset of cell bodies that are distributed throughout the OE and is expressed in most glomeruli in the OB at this age. By P35 and in adults, 1B2 continues to be expressed on a subset of neurons in the OE that project to only a small subset of glomeruli in the OB. Unlike CC2 and P-Path antigens that define specific groups of glomeruli, 1B2-immunoreactive glomeruli do not have a detectable spatial pattern. It is more likely that 1B2 antigens define a specific stage in the maturation of connections between the OE and OB.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A monoclonal anti-glycoconjugate antibody defines a stage and position-dependent gradient in the developing sympathoadrenal system.

The expression of complex carbohydrate antigens was analysed in developing sympathoadrenal cells of the rat using monoclonal antibodies that react with unique carbohydrate structures. CC1 and CC4 are monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with beta-N-acetylgalactosamine and alpha-galactose/alpha-fucose moieties, respectively. CC1-reactive glycoconjugates are expressed in embryonic superior cervical ganglion (SCG) cells as early as embryonic day 15 (E15). CC4 is expressed in the SCG only for a brief period starting at E18 and then disappearing at P5. During their transient period of expression, CC1 antigens are expressed uniformly throughout the SCG at E15-17, but are then restricted to the rostral portion of the SCG from E18 to P4. CC4 is also concentrated in the rostral portion of the SCG between E21 and P4. In the adrenal medulla, CC1 and CC4 antigens display a post-natal onset of expression commencing approximately at P14 and continue to be expressed on a subset of cells which contain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The expression of CC1, however, is restricted to phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-(PNMT)-negative chromaffin cells, whereas CC4 is not. CC1 and CC4-expressing cells appear to be scattered throughout the adrenal medulla without any particular topographic orientation. These findings suggest that the CC1 monoclonal antibody defines a stage-specific differentiation antigen in the sympathoadrenal lineage. Additionally, the CC1 antigen may confer important positional information in the embryonic SCG by distinguishing rostral from caudal neuronal cell bodies.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1992

Improving communication with oncology patients: taping the consultation.

Patients are often dissatisfied with the information provided for them by doctors. A simple cheap method of improving communication by tape recording the initial consultation with oncology outpatients is described. Analysis of 100 taped consultations by a subsequent questionnaire revealed that patients and their relatives claimed enormous benefit from the opportunity to hear the consultation again.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of nitrous oxide on global and regional cortical blood flow.

We conducted regional cortical blood flow studies using the xenon-133 clearance technique on 12 volunteers during the administration of 25% and 50% N2O and during baseline conditions (breathing room air or 100% O2). Global cortical blood flow was very highly significantly increased above baseline measures in all subjects by 50% N2O (mean increase 37% above 100% O2 condition). A smaller but still significant increase was observed with 25% N2O. Analysis of regional cortical blood flow revealed heterogeneity in the pattern of changes; that is, the baseline pattern was altered by the inhalation of N2O, most often resulting in an accentuation of relative frontal blood flow. The anterior-posterior gradient in N2O-induced blood flow changes differs from that observed with simple vasodilatory agents, such as CO2, with which the increase is purely systemic and the baseline pattern is preserved. This indicates that N2O has differential effects on cerebral metabolism that may well reflect the typical alterations in experiential state reported by subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evidence for right-hemisphere involvement in recovery from aphasia.

Cortical evoked potentials and dichotic listening test scores were used to assess the extent of activation of the two cerebral hemispheres during various language tasks in a group of 21 recovering aphasics, 15 nonaphasic patients with right-hemisphere stroke, and 17 normal volunteers. In agreement with previous findings, both measures suggest greater right-hemisphere activation during language processing in the recovering aphasics than in nonaphasic patients and normal subjects. These data support the view that restitution of language entails reorganization of brain function with increased participation of the nondominant hemisphere.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1988

Visuospatial tasks compared via activation of regional cerebral blood flow.

Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in 19 subjects during the performance of three tasks thought to primarily involve right hemisphere processing: judgement of line orientation, mental rotation of three-dimensional cube arrays, and a fragment puzzle task. Asymmetries in hemispheric flow (right side greater) were only observed in the line orientation and rotation conditions and were present in both sexes. The magnitude of the asymmetry was greater in the rotation task which also showed an asymmetry in parietal flow. Thus mental rotation placed the most asymmetric demand on cerebral resources. This provides a task that more reliably activates the right hemisphere than those previously reported and suggests a truly "mental manipulative" aspect to right hemisphere advantage in visuospatial performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Convergent evoked potential and cerebral blood flow evidence of task-specific hemispheric differences.

Two independent measures of cerebral activation, probe evoked potentials (EPs) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were used to assess the relative contribution of the left and right parietal areas during a task requiring mental rotation of geometric figures. The objective of the study was to ascertain the degree of concordance in these two measures in revealing task-specific hemispheric activation. Since rCBF is a direct measure of regional metabolic rate and has been shown to reflect expected task-specific hemispheric asymmetries, its concordance with probe EP data could serve to validate the assumptions underlying interpretation of the latter. EPs to strobe flashes and rCBF were simultaneously measured in 19 dextral normal adults during a mental rotation task and during a control task involving similar stimulation and response requirements. A high degree of concordance in these two measures was obtained, with both revealing significantly greater activation of the right parietal region during the mental rotation task. Besides supporting the notion of predominant right hemisphere involvement in this type of visuo-spatial operation, this study suggests that either measure may be used as a reliable index of task-specific regional cerebral asymmetries.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Frontal blood flow changes in recovery from coma.

Two-dimensional studies of cortical blood flow were conducted in 20 closed head injury patients in a comatose state and subsequently in 9 patients as they recovered to an awake and responding state. Comatose patients showed a reduction of frontal flow compared to the resting pattern observed in age matched normal volunteers. In most patients the normal anterior-to-posterior flow gradient was reversed. Increases in global flow, while in coma, tended to exaggerate this reversal. Patients who survived showed a normalization of the regional flow pattern as they regained consciousness. The marked reduction of frontal blood flow in the comatose state was independent of locus of injury as determined by computed tomography (CT) scan data. Combined with previous CBF studies of sensory and cognitive activation, these findings suggest that frontal reduction may be a nonspecific effect of any state or condition involving reduced directed mental activity. This, in turn, raises questions about recent interpretations offered for frontal CBF reduction in psychiatric disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral blood flow in severity-matched Alzheimer and multi-infarct patients.

Cerebral blood flow was studied in patients meeting research criteria for either Alzheimer's disease or multi-infarct dementia, matched for age and severity of dementia. In both groups, mean flow was less than in age-matched normal controls, but the Alzheimer patients also had significantly lower mean flow than the multi-infarct group. This result helps resolve discrepancies found in studies with inadequate control for severity. Either global flow or regional left parietal flow could be used to discriminate between these dementia categories with 87% accuracy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral blood flow evidence of right frontal activation in attention demanding tasks.

Having noticed a consistent activation of right frontal areas during several visuospatial tasks, we retrospectively examined data from 121 regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies conducted under a variety of conditions involving different stimuli, response modes and task requirements. These were compared to scans conducted while subjects were at rest. Significant hemispheric differences were found for all tasks combined in the frontal regions, where right flow was greater than left, especially in more demanding tasks. This finding suggests a very general role for the right hemisphere in attention or vigilance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

CBF gradient changes elicited by visual stimulation and visual memory tasks.

Normal volunteers underwent three successive scans of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using the 133Xe inhalation technique during visual stimulation, a recognition memory task and a resting state defined by high EEG alpha content. Since the stimulation was virtually identical in both non-rest conditions, we were able to separate the CBF pattern resulting from simple stimulation and that resulting from the cognitive (recognition memory) component alone. These turned out to have very nearly opposite effects on the normal anterior-to-posterior resting state gradient: the sensory component diminished the gradient, while the cognitive component exaggerated it. It is suggested that these normative data can be of clinical value in the study of cerebral recovery/reorganization following post-traumatic amnesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Task-related EEG asymmetries: a comparison of alpha blocking and beta enhancement.

Alpha and beta content of spectrally analyzed EEG were used to assess differential hemispheric engagement during two linguistic tasks (semantic and phonetic) and one acoustic task involving detection of target items embedded within the same stimulus series. Beta content of the EEG increased reliably in the left hemisphere during the linguistic tasks, whereas the expected attenuation or blocking of alpha did not occur reliably. These data suggest that left hemisphere beta enhancement rather than alpha blocking is a more efficient index of differential hemispheric engagement during language processing.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Blood flow changes in arteriovenous malformation during behavioral activation.

Striking task-dependent fluctuations were observed in the cerebral blood flow pattern of a patient with a left posterior hemispheric arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Two-dimensional measures of regional cerebral flow in the resting state, using the xenon 133 inhalation technique, revealed a region of high flow coincident with the AVM seen on the patient's arteriograms. In subsequent studies, the AVM stood out as a region of high blood flow during a relaxed state, while it approached normal levels of flow when there was attentional demand. These observations suggest that focal regulatory mechanisms exist at the AVM or else that very substantial redistributions of blood flow are taking place which the flow rate in the AVM reflects only passively. Patients considered for embolic treatment of an AVM would benefit from an assessment of behavioral influences on flow in the AVM.

Attention↗
PubMed1982

[A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the determination of pancreatic lipase].

A highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for the determination of pancreatic lipase is described. The test follows the sandwich principle; total incubation time is 4.5 hours at 20--25 degrees C. Lipase concentrations between 3 and 300 micrograms/1 can be quantified (sample dilution 1 + 10); the lower detection limit is 0.3 micrograms/1 (sample dilution 1 + 1). Coefficients of variation from 2.9 to 6.5% for the in batch precision, and from 4.4 to 10.5% for the day-to day precision were found. A reference range from 7.7 to 56 micrograms/1 was calculated from the lipase concentrations in 369 serum samples from healthy adults (2.5 th--97.5 th percentile, median 23 micrograms/1). Very low concentrations were found in cord blood (median 2.8 micrograms/1). The lipase level remains quite constant between the ages of 3 and 50 years (median 15--20 micrograms/1); at the age of 70 years a median of 26 micrograms/1 is reached.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A preliminary report on the combination of initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer.

A RETROSPECTIVE review of 45 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated by a combination of initial chemotherpy (Price and Hill Schedule A) followed by radiotherapy is presented. The regime produced excellent immediate palliation with a tumour control of 50 per cent, and a disease-free survival of 33 per cent at one year and 27 per cent at two years. Treatment morbidity was minimal in an aged patient group.

Aged↗