Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Devaux.
In the form of an historic fable, an anecdote is reported concerning the Parisian apothecary Jean-Baptiste, Louis Costel (1729-1800). He refused to pay his portraitist because he claimed that the painting he had ordered from him resembled him so little.
In 1840, the French physicist Hippolyte Fizeau (1819-1896) proposed an auric chloride and sodium thiosulfate-based reagent to fix daguerreotypes. In 1843, two French pharmacists, Mathurin-Joseph Fordos (1816-1878) and Amedee Gelis (1815-1882), isolated its main ingredient in crystalline form and analysed it as a sodium aurothiosulfate. They recommended the use of an aqueous solution of this product to fix photographic negatives. In this way, the deterioration by sulfuration that negatives underwent with Fizeau's solution could be avoided. Fordos and Gelis salt came back in the news in 1924 when Prof. Holger Christian Mollgaard (1885-1973) from Copenhagen suggested it under the term Sanocrysine for use in tuberculosis. The enthusiasm which followed the initial trials led to its being adopted by many countries. In France, Danish Sanocrysine was commercialised by the Bordeaux pharmacist Jean Dedieu (1892-1968) while sodium aurothiosulfate was marketed as Thiocrysine by Usines du Rhone in Lyon, and as Chrysalbine by Maison Poulenc Freres in Paris. Chrysalbine became Crisalbine when the two companies merged to become Societe parisienne d'expansion chimique (Specia). However, inadequate results, the toxicity of auric derivatives and, especially from 1945 on, the advent of really effective tuberculostatic agents progressively led to the decline and abandonment of Fordos and Gelis salt in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Some new oximinoalkanoic (n = 2,3,4) esters and acids derived from methoxyphenylthienyl ketones have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid-induced human platelet aggregation. Of the eighteen oximinoethers tested the most active derivatives, which were four times more active as aspirin, belonged to the para methoxy series with Z configuration and n = 2 or 3.
Using the examples of several operations undertaken in Bordeaux, the author shows that pharmacists acted as anesthesiologists with the use of chloroform very soon after the first such usage on a patient in Edinburgh (1847). One such was J.-J. Fauré (1799-1869), otherwise known as the author of numerous works on chemical analysis.
A series of anti-thrombotic aryl thienyl-ketones and -thioketones was assayed in vitro for their inhibitory effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) production induced by arachidonic acid in human platelets. For several compounds MDA formation was strongly inhibited indicating that the anti-platelet target was situated on the cyclooxygenase pathway. A comparison between the inhibition constant Ki and the IC50 values revealed competitive inhibition kinetics. The molecular structure of one active compound was analysed by X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations to provide information on its electronic and lipophilic properties.
The X-ray crystal structure of 3-(methoxycarbonyl) amino-beta-carboline, a selective antagonist of the sedative effects of diazepam having a high affinity for the benzodiazepine receptor, has been determined. The results were compared with structural information obtained from this compound, both in the solid state and in dilute solution, by use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Its X-ray structure was also compared with those of two other active beta-carbolines, methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate and N-ethyl-3-carbamoyl-beta-carboline. The crystal packing characteristics of 3-(methoxycarbonyl) amino-beta-carboline differ from those of these two beta-carbolines in both the pattern of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and the quality of their pi-pi stacking interactions. The relevance this may have to the selective activity of 3-(methoxycarbonyl) amino-beta-carboline is discussed.
Some new aryl thiopyranylidene ketones and benzylidene indanones with various substituents on the benzene ring were synthesized and their inhibitory activities in vitro on human platelet aggregation were assayed. The 2-[(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene] indan-1-one is the most potent inhibitor (about seventeen times more active than aspirin, against arachidonic acid, and twenty four times against collagen).
New 3,4-dihydro-2-arylidene-1-(2H)-naphthalenones derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitory effects in vitro on the arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation were evaluated. The 3,4-dihydro-2-[(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-1-(2H)-naphthalenone++ + exhibits the most potent antiaggregating activity; compared with aspirin this compound is three times more active. Its crystal structure has been determined.
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In 1928 in Bordeaux, the ceramics manufacturer René Buthaud (1886-1986) created, in the neo-classical style that is typical of his work, four large pharmacists' jars, for display in a city dispensary. These pieces are presented here, each one decorated differently, with the back showing variations on the theme of the serpent and the front the design of tall, unclothed women holding objects Symbolic of the pharmceutical art.
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