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Biomedical subjects

G Devroede

Publications and source records attributed to G Devroede.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Beneficial effects of naloxone in a patient with intestinal pseudoobstruction.

A 15-day course of Naloxone treatment was given to a patient with intestinal pseudoobstruction who had previously undergone subtotal colectomy with terminal ileostomy for invalidating constipation. The effects of the drug were assessed according to symptoms, by recording the myoelectric activity of the stomach, and by measuring gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid-liquid meal and the intestinal transit time of radiopaque markers. All tests were performed 1) at baseline; 2) after 2 wk with Naloxone 1.6 mg subcutaneous per day; and 3) after 8 days of placebo. Results showed that before treatment gastric emptying of solids was delayed, emptying of liquids was normal, myoelectric activity of the stomach was normal, small intestinal transit time of radiopaque markers was considerably increased while ileal output was markedly decreased. After Naloxone, gastric emptying of solids was markedly accelerated, emptying of liquids remained normal, gastric electrical spiking activity increased, small intestinal transit time strikingly decreased, and ileal output increased. After placebo, a tendency to return to pretreatment values was observed. This observation suggests that Naloxone may be helpful in the treatment of some patients with intestinal pseudoobstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ischemic colitis associated with hypertension.

A 48-year-old man with accelerated hypertension developed right-sided ischemic colitis. There was no evidence of another cause of vascular inadequacy. Microscopically, the bowel showed ischemic alterations of different stages. The arterial alterations of different stages. The arterial vessels showed minimal changes. In older lesions, fibrosis was prominent and the mucosa was atrophic. In more recent lesions, some vessels of the submucosa were plugged with fibrin and the overlying mucosa was infiltrated by nonorganized hemorrhage and cellular elements.

Arteries↗
PubMed1979

Traumatic constipation.

In 4 patients, trauma to the lumbosacral area produced abnormalities similar to those seen after resection of the nervi erigentes. Mechanisms of the resulting constipation and fecal incontinence for liquid stools included a prolonged transit time through the entire colon, a low rectal pressure, spasticity of the anal canal, and abnormal anal reflexes. Previous trauma to the lower spine must be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic constipation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Dietary fiber, bowel habits, and colonic function.

Bowel habits have different characteristics, and frequency, amount, and consistency of stools should be recorded in any study, including those on the effects of dietary fiber. Several studies suggest that addition of fiber to the diet reduces long and prolongs short transit time and increases water content of the stool. Conflicting data are difficult to reconcile, and mechanisms remain unknown.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1978

Viscoelastic properties of the rectal wall in Hirschsprung's disease.

Viscoelastic properties of the rectal wall were compared with Hirschsprung's disease. The elasticity of the rectal wall after accomodation to distension was found to be significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in patients, and the time taken by the rectum to accomodate was also found to be longer (P less than 0.001). The increased elasticity correlated well with severity of the illness, but none of the parameters correlated with length of aganglionic segment. Measuring elastic properties of the rectal wall may help to assess the severity of illness in patients with Hirschsprung's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

An occupational group with a high risk of large bowel cancer.

Over a 1 1/2-year period a cluster of 5 patients demonstrated similar characteristics of large bowel cancer, in terms of histological type, occupation in the same manufacturing unit of a carpet factory, sex, young age (less than 50), and a negative familial history of cancer. Therefore, the lifetime occupational familial history of all known cases of colorectal cancer, occurring between 1965 and 1975 in the geographic region where the factory was situated, were reviewed to compare the incidence, histopathological type, and the site distribution of colorectal cancer in the exposed and in a control group. Of 1000 subjects with large bowel cancer so far analyzed 30 have had a positive occupational exposure. A detailed analysis of 12 cases occurring from 1971 to 1975 indicates that the observed age and sex-adjusted relative risk ratio was 10 timer higher among workers in the carpet factory than among other industrial workers. The observed morbidity in the studied group was 11.4 times higher than the expected one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Some parameters of large bowel motility in normal man.

This study presents normal values of bowel habits, colonic transit times of radioopaque markers, and anorectal pressure obtained from 114 normal subjects. Their stool frequency ranged from 3 to 11 per 7 days, whereas their diet contained an average of 14.4 g of crude fibers. Radioopaque markers progressed regularly along the large bowel and a range of transit times was established for its different segments. Manometric studies included measurements of anal pressure at rest, amplitude and duration of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, anal inflation reflex, and amplitude of rectal contraction in response to rectal distension. Normal ranges were established. Amplitude, duration and magnitude (as measured by planimetry) of anal relaxation elicited by rectal distensions were related to rectal distending volume (P less than 0.001). The incidence of spontaneous variations of anal pressure at rest and of overshoot of pressure after the inhibitory reflex was also established. These data obtained on normal subjects may be compared to those obtained in patients with constipation in order to define the symptoms and to understand pathophysiological mechanisms. This has been done in a companion study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Barium enema in chronic constipation: is it meaningful?

Seventeen pairs of pre- and postoperative barium enemas performed under fixed conditions (same preparation, filling technique, and radiographic factors) were selected from the records of a group of 62 chronically constipated patients who had undergone anorectal myectomy. Measurements at different levels of the large bowel and over-all subjective diagnosis were compared to those made in group of 26 controls. The barium enema did not aid in the diagnosis of constipation or its evolution after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Mechanisms of idiopathic constipation: outlet obstruction.

Anorectal myectomy was performed in 62 patients suffering from symptoms attributed to ineffective colonic motility. Indications for surgery rested on the presence of one or more of the following three criteria: abnormally reduced stool frequency, prolonged transit of radioopaque markers, and abnormal anorectal manometry. One year after myectomy in the 50 patients with less than three stools per week the average number of stools per week increased from 1.2 to 4.2 (P less than 0.001). The remaining 12 patients, who had more than three stools per week, were completely relieved of their symptoms. In all cases with improved symptoms, myectomy acclerated the transit of radioopaque markers through the large bowel. Organic constipation amenable to surgical treatment is more frequent than previously thought. Idiopathic constipation may result from colonic inertia or outlet (anorectal) obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Correlation of variations in intraluminal pressure and potential differences in the perfused colen.

To investigate the nature of variations in the large intestine potential differences, a continuous perfusion of isotonic saline was carried out in the colon of 14 rats. Intraluminal pressure and potential differences between the lumen and the peritoneal cavity were continuously and simultaneously recorded, while impedance of the system and respiration were also constantly monitored. To obtain a quantitative evaluation of the data, Fast Fouier Transform was performed on the signals and their derivatives which were auto- and cross-correlated. While there was no obvious relation between pressure and potential in the unperfused colon, there was clear visual qualirative evidence that, during steady state conditions of perfusion, an increase in intraluminal pressure was accompanied by a decrease in potential differences, while impedance of the recording system remained unchanged. Computer analysis disclosed four narrow ranges of stable frequencies for both pressure and potential. They were centred around 0-3, 1-75, 10-7, and 75 cycles per minute, the latter being synchronous with respiration. It is concluded that the variations of potential differences recorded during perfusion, a well-know phenomenon, are not electrical artefacts: the fast rhythm is probably induced by respiration, which increases intracolonic pressure and that, in turn, reduces the absolute value of potential differences, which remain negative mucosa versus serosa. The slower rhythms are synchronous for pressure and potential. Mechanisms responsible for the decrease in potential related to the increase in pressure remain unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of saline infusion and acute metabolic acidosis and alkalosis on water and electrolyte transport in the human colon.

Both the kidney and colon secrete bicarbonate and transport water and electrolytes. The respective contributions of these two organs to acid-base and electrolyte balance in normal man has thus been studied in eight healthy male volunteers who underwent simultaneous renal clearance studies, and colonic perfusion with a 0.9% saline or 7.2% mannitol solution, during metabolic alkalosis and acidosis, extracellular volume expansion, and control conditions. There was no influence of these acid-base conditions on electrolyte transport in the colon. In the urine, preferential loss of chloride over sodium averaged 81, 143 (P less than 0.001), and 141 (P less than 0.05) muequiv./min, during control, metabolic acidosis, and extracellular volume expansion conditions, respectively. During alkalosis more sodium than chloride was lost (146 muequiv./min) (P less than 0.001). Colonic pH averaged 7.41 during saline and 6.75 (P less than 0.005) during mannitol perfusion. Titratable acid was not produced in the colon during saline perfusion, and averaged 18 muequiv./min during mannitol perfusion. Urinary titratable acid increased from 19 to 25 muequiv./min (P less than 0.01) during volume expansion. With saline perfusion, bicarbonate secretion rate in the colon rose from 249 muequiv./min during control conditions to 289 muequiv./min during metabolic alkalosis (P less than 0.05). More bicarbonate was excreted in the urine during alkalosis when mannitol was introduced in the colon (243 muequiv./min) than when saline was perfused (152 muequiv./min) (P less than 0.05). This study indicates that the response of the human colon is trivial compared with that of the kidney during acute changes in acid-base balance.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗