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Biomedical subjects

G Ducel

Publications and source records attributed to G Ducel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Verification of bacteriological safety of PCM 40 air conditioner].

This study assessed the bacteriological safety of the bedside air conditioner PCM 40 (Howorth Airtech), used for prevention of intraoperative hypothermia, by blowing filtered warm air through a special mattress. The 3 microns bacterial filter of the device released 2,968 +/- 5,618 particles of diameter less than 3 microns per m3 of room air, containing 78,798 +/- 37,243 of such particles per m3. The amount of bacteries in the air pulsed from the mattress was 30 +/- 41 cfu/m3 vs 120 cfu/m3 in the ambient air and in the hot air supply tubing it reached 6 +/- 5 cfu/m3 vs 175 +/- 77 cfu/m3. It is concluded that bacteriological data do not contra-indicate the use of this air conditioner in the operating theater. The only limitations for use are the position (prone or lateral position) and type of surgery (neurosurgery).

Air Conditioning↗
PubMed1990

[A pilot test of the efficacy of a povidone-iodine-based surgical soap].

A PVP-iodine containing surgical soap (low-iodine) was tested by 20 volunteers (14 women and 6 men) under conditions usually present in surgical clinics. The results proved the efficacy of this soap, as its usage entails a significant decrease in the number of germs. Two of the volunteers presented diverging results. The results of that study, confirmed by other studies, are interpreted and discussed.

Disinfectants↗
PubMed1990

[Efficacy of 2 antiseptics intended for the disinfection of normal skin].

In Switzerland, antiseptics must be checked for their "in use" efficacy before being admitted by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH). Betadine solution standardized and Merfen tincture widely used in Swiss hospitals for skin disinfection, were compared following federal prescriptions. Tests were performed by the technique of Williamson and Kligman modified by Fleurette and Transy. After comparison of statistical data (t test at 5% probability) we concluded that both products in these defined conditions present similar efficacy and obey to prescriptions of FOPH.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1989

[Antibiotic sensitivity of strains of Klebsiella isolated in Geneva and Algiers].

573 strains of Klebsiella were isolated in Geneva (239 strains) and in Algiers (334 strains). The complete work with bacteriologic features (culture, biochemistry and antigenicity) will be published later. Two investigations took place in surgical cardio-vascular service in Geneva cantonal hospital and in Algiers hospitals: Pediatric (Beni-Messous) and intensive care service (Mustapha). High resistance percentages are found with Penicillins (greater than 60% by C.M.I.) in Geneva and Algiers. The strains are susceptible to aminoglycosides: in Algiers, 8.68% strains are resistant to Gentamicin and 5.99% to Tobramycin. In Geneva, all the strains are susceptible to Aminoglycosides. All the strains are susceptible to Trimethoprim and the Furans resistant strains are rare. The C.M.I. test is more precise than disc diffusion technique, especially for Penicillin and Furans. Cephalosporins and aminoglycosides are the best choice for treatment of Klebsiella infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An international survey of the prevalence of hospital-acquired infection.

The prevalence of hospital-acquired infection was measured in 47 hospitals in 14 countries in four continents. The aim was to establish the evidence that hospital infection is a common and serious problem throughout the world. Using a standard protocol, 28,861 patients were observed by local teams of doctors and nurses in their own hospitals. The prevalence rates in individual hospitals varied from 3% to 21% (median 8.4%). The highest rates were seen on intensive care (13.3%), surgical (13.1%) and orthopaedic wards (11.2%). Children under the age of 1 year (infection prevalence 13.5%) and adults over 64 years (prevalence 12.0%) suffered more infection than others. In children the commonest infections were of the lower respiratory tract, of the skin and gastroenteritis. In the elderly, urinary-tract infections predominated. The prevalence of postoperative wound infection in individual hospitals ranged from 5.2% to 34.4%, with even greater variation when the wounds were analysed as clean, clean-contaminated and contaminated. The micro-organisms isolated from infected patients were similar to previous surveys: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus each caused a sixth of the infections with positive microbiological results. When examined, 30% of patients were on antimicrobial drugs. Penicillin, ampicillin/amoxycillin and gentamicin were the commonest antibiotics used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit].

The conflict between hosts and microorganisms evidences the breakdown in the hosts' defence system or the acquisition of characters new to the infectious agents; it occurs constantly in the hospital environment and particularly in surgical intensive care units, due to the weakened defence system in the patient, contact with infected material, contamination of the environment, and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The sources of infectious agents are the patient himself, other patients, hospital personnel, visitors, inanimate surroundings, the air, materials used and/or nutrition, liquids, drugs, dressings, drainage, etc. These microorganisms cause postoperative infections, urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, and systemic infections. Preventive hygiene wards off or reduces these infections. Regular follow-up of results obtained can be documented by permanent epidemiological surveillance.

Asepsis↗
PubMed1985

[Bacteriological safety of enteral nutrition with continuous delivery].

Enteral nutrition can be administered as bolus feedings or by pump-assisted continuous drip. We have compared these two techniques in regard to bacterial contamination of nutritional solutions for given periods of administration set utilisation. A total of 103 patients were treated for 3 months. Bacterial contamination of nutritional solutions was important, but clinical complications, particularly diarrhea, were seen only in 11%. In several cases osmotic diarrhea was produced by too rapid administration. Factors associated with a high level of bacterial growth included utilisation time of administration sets, hanging time of feeding formula, and, mainly, maintenance of the connection between the administration set and the nasogastric tube during pump-assisted continuous drip. Retrograde colonisation of the nasogastric feeding tube is likely in view of the bacterial flora identified. The absence of relationship between microbial contamination of nutritional solutions and infectious diarrhea, as demonstrated in this study, is indicative of the appropriate bacterial safety of continuous drip or bolus enteral nutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Influence of cimetidine on bacterial growth in gastric fluid (author's transl)].

Samples of gastric fluid were tested for pH and number of bacteria in 20 patients who received cimetidine 400 mg prior to selective gastric surgery. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of surgical patients who did not receive the drug. The cimetidine-treated patients had alkaline gastric fluid with pronounced bacterial growth (4.7 +/- 0.6 x 10(4) micro-organisms/ml), whereas 18/20 untreated patients has a sterile gastric fluid. Similar results were observed in 14 intensive care patients treated for 24 hours with cimetidine. The effect proved reversible: 12 hours after treatment was discontinued bacterial growth could only be demonstrated in 3/14 patients. Thus, short-term cimetidine treatment results in a rise of gastric pH with marked bacterial proliferation. This may have serious consequences in cimetidine-treated patients about to undergo gastric surgery or likely to develop aspiration pneumonia.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Evolution of the intestinal flora in patients under preventive treatment with cephalosporins].

The evolution of the intestinal flora has been studied in 20 patients undergoing chemoprophylaxis with cephalosporins. The patients, admitted to the Cantonal Hospital of Geneva for heart surgery, all received intravenous treatment initiated on the day of admission. Subsequently, one group continued to receive a cephalosporin orally while prophylaxis was discontinued in a second group. Microbiological analysis of aerobic bacteria in faeces demonstrated in both groups (1) a significant increase in resistance to beta-lactamines (ampicillin); (2) a parallel though lesser increase in resistance to other antibiotics (which shows the probable role of plasmids carrying drug resistance markers); and (3) an increase in bacteria known for their resistance to beta-lactamines (klebsiella, enterobacter, pseudomonas). These results demonstrate that a single intravenous administration of beta-lactamines has a selective effect on the intestinal flora and notably on bacteria which are known to be the cause of infectious diseases acquired in hospitals.

Administration, Oral↗