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Biomedical subjects

G E Lilly

Publications and source records attributed to G E Lilly.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Cranial arteritis: a medical emergency with orofacial manifestations.

BACKGROUND: Cranial arteritis, or CA, a vascular disease affecting primarily elderly people, may result in permanent blindness if untreated. Since it frequently mimics temporomandibular joint, myofascial or odontogenic pain, dentists must be familiar with this condition. CASE DESCRIPTION: The authors present reports of two patients who had signs and symptoms of CA, some of which were suggestive of other head and neck pain disorders. In both cases, the diagnosis of CA was confirmed by temporal artery biopsy, and treatment with systemic steroids resulted in rapid resolution of symptoms. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Prompt diagnosis and treatment of CA not only results in resolution of symptoms, but also may prevent blindness, the most serious sequela of the condition.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Irritant contact stomatitis: a review of the condition.

Several different types of interactions are possible between a chemical, a mixture of chemicals, and associated extrinsic factors (i.e., mechanical irritation) in the oral mucosa. These interactions can be broadly classified as irritative or allergenic in nature. In each case, the pathology usually includes mucosal inflammation. The information compiled and reviewed in this article suggests that, given the broad definition of surface lesions/mucosal abnormalities, there may be a continuum of irritation that can be termed "irritant contact stomatitis." This may be due to the fact that the mouth is lined with highly vascular mucosa that turns over rapidly compared to the skin, and may or may not be covered by keratin. Some regions in the mouth are uniquely sensitive to irritants because they can penetrate through the tissue easily. Key factors involved in the potential development of irritation are: inherent irritation potential of the agent, amount of exposure (concentration, duration, and frequency), ability to penetrate the tissue, and inherent reactivity of the subject as well as other extrinsic factors. Irritation leading to oral mucosal alterations is a common occurrence caused by a wide variety of exposures and insults to the oral cavity. Various irritants such as foods, chemicals, friction, thermal/mechanical injury, metals, spices, and oral care products have been documented to cause irritant reactions in susceptible individuals, particularly if used under exaggerated exposure conditions. It is important to note that most irritation in the oral cavity tends to reverse quickly when the causative agent is removed. Oral irritation is a commonly occurring phenomenon. Thus, it is important that the clinician be aware of the clinical manifestations and etiology of the condition.

Allergens↗
PubMed1998

[Head- and neck pain of non-dental origin].

Although temporomandibular joint and masticatory myofascial pain (TMD) are a common cause of chronic head and neck pain, there are a number of other conditions which may cause chronic head and neck pain with similar symptoms. Differentiation between the various causes of chronic head and neck pain must be based primarily on historical information because there are few objective physical, laboratory or imagery findings that establish a definitive diagnosis of a specific chronic head and neck pain disorder.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

Clinical, historic, and therapeutic features of cicatricial pemphigoid. A literature review and open therapeutic trial with corticosteroids.

Cicatricial pemphigoid is at present an incurable, autoimmune disease that involves mucosa and skin. We have documented the clinical, microscopic, and therapeutic features of 23 patients with cicatricial pemphigoid and added these to reports of past literature. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 63 years, and women were involved twice as often as men. Eighty-three percent of patients had oral mucosal involvement, 70% had conjunctival involvement, and 22% had skin involved. Direct immunologic evaluation revealed IgG at the basement membrane in 57% of cases and C3 in 66%. We have been able to manage the disease adequately in most patients with topical or systemic corticosteroids. The most commonly encountered side effect was oral candidiasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Clinical, historic, and therapeutic features of aphthous stomatitis. Literature review and open clinical trial employing steroids.

The clinical and historic features of 50 patients with diagnosed aphthous stomatitis and treated with topical triamcinolone acetonide, 0.1% or 0.2% aqueous suspension; alone or in combination with initial burst therapy of 40 to 60 mg of prednisone, are reviewed. The mean age of our patients was 36.6 years (range 6 to 80 years). The duration of the chief complaint, usually oral pain, or more specifically, recurrent oral ulcers, was 11.1 years (range 4 weeks to 40 years). All patients showed a wide range of ulcer sizes when examined initially or at follow-up. Forty were followed up for an average of 22.9 months. Thirty-four reported prompt healing of ulcers identified at the time of initial evaluation, and no or markedly fewer ulcers subsequently if maintenance therapy of prophylactic topical triamcinolone, 0.1% or 0.2% aqueous rinse, was used. Five patients reported partial relief. No systemic side effects were noted even after long-term topical therapy. Local candidosis was a complication encountered in five patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

A computer management system for patient simulations.

A series of interactive videodisc patient simulations is being used to teach clinical problem-solving skills, including diagnosis and management, to dental students. This series is called Oral Disease Simulations for Diagnosis and Management (ODSDM). A computer management system has been developed in response to the following needs. First, the sequence in which students perform simulations is critical. Second, maintaining records of completed simulations and student performance on each simulation is a time-consuming task for faculty. Third, the simulations require ongoing evaluation to ensure high quality instruction. The primary objective of the management system is to ensure that each student masters diagnosis. Mastery must be obtained at a specific level before advancing to the next level. The management system does this by individualizing the sequence of the simulations to adapt to the needs of each student. The management system generates reports which provide information about students or the simulations. Student reports contain demographic and performance information. System reports include information about individual patient simulations and act as a quality control mechanism for the simulations.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1990

Dental diagnosis and treatment (DDx & Tx): interactive videodisc patient simulations for dental education.

Judgement skills and critical thinking in dentistry are developed through: (1) a systematic approach to gathering and processing information, and (2) an essential amount of practical experience. A new system of interactive videodisc patient simulations titled 'Dental Diagnosis and Treatment' or 'DDx & Tx' has been developed to provide students or practicing dentists an opportunity to develop and practice their critical thinking skills. The DDx & Tx system consists of patient simulation software, a laser-reflective videodisc with its accompanying database, a patient simulation management system, and documentation. An authoring tool is under development. Faculty-authored simulations require students to gather information, formulate diagnoses, order appropriate treatments and properly sequence those treatments. The students' performance is automatically scored and a critique is provided as a review.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1988

Incidence and characterization of temporomandibular joint sounds in adults.

The findings from this study indicate that some signs and symptoms associated with TM dysfunction are relatively common clinical observations in adults, and that they might or might not be associated with pain, decreased joint mobility, and most importantly, might not be progressive. The rationale for instituting therapy in patients with TM noises who are asymptomatic and have freedom of mandibular movements needs to be evaluated in relation to these findings.

Adolescent↗