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Biomedical subjects

G E Peters

Publications and source records attributed to G E Peters.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Poststernotomy infections presenting as deep neck abscess.

A review of the world literature has failed to reveal any published reports of poststernotomy mediastinitis presenting as a deep neck infection. This article presents two such cases. Since the fascial layers of the mediastinum are a direct continuation of the cervical fascia, a number of potential pathways between the neck and mediastinum exist. Descending infection from the neck into the mediastinum is well documented. The reverse situation, an ascending infection from the mediastinum into the neck, is not described despite the potential natural pathways available for spread of infection. Our proposed mechanism for these two cases is that a surgically created pathway from the mediastinum to the lower neck allows for mediastinitis to point in the intercommunicating fascial spaces of the neck. Recognition of this clinical presentation will allow the surgeon to use prompt intervention for such a serious complication.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy.

We have presented the only melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy treated at the Children's Hospital of Alabama in the last seven years. Early diagnosis, relatively aggressive surgical treatment, and a team approach to the patient's management and rehabilitation should provide an excellent cure rate and near normal development of the patient postoperatively.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of structural requirements for the absorption of drugs and macromolecules from the nasal cavity.

An octapeptide and a protein, of molecular weights 800 and 34,000, respectively, were found to have nasal bioavailabilities of 73 and 0.6%, respectively, in the rat. This data, combined with reported values for 23 other compounds, indicated good availability without adjuvants for all molecules up to 1000 molecular weight (mean 70%, SD between compounds 26%, n = 15) with a decline in availability above this value. The relationship between absorption and molecular weight was modeled assuming competition between constant clearance from the nasal cavity and molecular weight-dependent transport through the mucosa. Deviations of absorption from values predicted by this model did not correlate with factors such as charge, hydrophobicity, or susceptibility to aminopeptidases, but the relative absorption of cyclic and cross-linked peptides and proteins was significantly greater than that of linear peptides. It is argued that the most likely route for transport is through junctions between cells and that surface-active adjuvants (MW 6000) which markedly enhance insulin uptake may act by rendering hydrophobic areas of contact of the junctional proteins temporarily hydrophilic. The nasal route is suitable for efficient, rapid delivery of many molecules of molecular weight less than 1000. With the use of adjuvants, this limit can be extended to at least 6000 and possibly much higher.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Effects of sodium 5-methoxysalicylate on macromolecule absorption and mucosal morphology in a vascularly perfused rat gut preparation in vivo.

The effect of sodium 5-methoxysalicylate on absorption was assessed by measurement of the appearance of test compounds in the portal blood output of a perfused rat gut model. The test compounds were a hexapeptide analogue of somatostatin, insulin, and horseradish peroxidase. Considerable amounts of sodium 5-methoxysalicylate were present in the portal blood 10 min after intraduodenal administration. When co-administered with sodium 5-methoxysalicylate (60 mg), a marked increase in the concentrations of the test substances occurred at t = 15 min which lasted for a further 15 min. Quantities of less than 60 mg had much reduced adjuvant effects. In control experiments with no adjuvant, the concentrations of the test substances remained low throughout the 1-h period of blood collection. After the administration of 60 mg of sodium 5-methoxysalicylate, slight mucosal damage was apparent at 10 min. This became progressively worse with time and, at 1 h, extensive mucosal stripping had occurred. The results suggest, although they do not prove, that apparent adjuvant effects in the small intestine may be a direct consequence of serious mucosal damage. This means that care must be taken in the investigation of adjuvant properties to exclude the possibility that an observed increase in transport is due to gross loss of integrity of the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

An immunospecific enzyme assay for horseradish peroxidase.

A sensitive assay highly specific for horseradish peroxidase has been developed. The basic principle of the procedure is similar to that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Sensitivity is the range 0.156-2.5 ng/ml. Background activity in undiluted plasma and lymph under these conditions is negligible.

Horseradish Peroxidase↗
PubMed1984

The mechanism of degradation of cyclo(-Asn-Phe-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Gaba-) and the relative stabilities of this and other octapeptide somatostatin analogues in rat intestinal juice.

The mechanism of degradation of the somatostatin analogue cyclo(-Asn-Phe-4-[3H]-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Gaba-) in rat intestinal juice in vitro has been studied by isolation and identification of cleavage products. The analogue is much more stable than somatostatin but is nevertheless degraded in minutes in dilute intestinal juice. There is a single primary cleavage site at Lys-Thr and the linear peptide thus formed is subsequently rapidly degraded to smaller peptides. Analogues with a modified lysine are markedly stabilised relative to the octapeptide analogue.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics, distribution and elimination of a synthetic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin in the rat.

The in vivo fate of a long acting somatostatin analogue [des-AA1,2,3,4,13,14,D-Trp8,Gaba12]-somatostatin has been studied in the rat using biochemical and autoradiographic techniques. The analogue has a longer plasma half-life than somatostatin. This is due to its greater metabolic stability which renders it resistant to enzymic attack in the tissues. The primary route of elimination is by biliary excretion following clearance from the circulation by the liver. Evidence of enterohepatic circulation was found, but only to a very limited extent. When administered s.c., high plasma concentrations of intact peptide persist for a period of hours due to slow release from a stable depot at the injection site.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Unilateral dermatomal superficial telangiectasia. Nine new cases and a review of unilateral dermatomal superficial telangiectasia.

Unilateral dermatomal superficial telangiectasia (UDST) may be congenital or acquired. Acquired UDST may occur coincident with physiologic states of estrogen increase, including puberty and pregnancy in women and adrenarche in men. Acquired UDST may also occur in estrogenized pathologic states such as chronic hepatic disease in alcoholism. The occurrence during estrogenized states, the dermatomes of distribution, and the presence of anemic halos suggest kinship with arterial spiders. UDST and some cases of benign, generalized telangiectasia may be local and universal forms, respectively, of the same pathologic process in the cutaneous microvasculature. Further, this is compatible with both the concept that UDST results from a somatic mutation and the usual nonfamilial presentation of UDST.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the larynx due to Candida albicans.

A female patient presented with hoarseness. Findings on physical examination showed whitish true vocal cords. Laryngeal biopsies were performed on two two occasions. On the first biopsy a histopathological diagnosis of Candida albicans and acanthosis was controversial because the acanthosis resembled squamous cell carcinoma. On the second biopsy, several months later, the diagnosis of acanthosis was again controversial, but a diagnosis of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia was not determined until several months later. Finally, we can point out that pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia can be associated with primary candidiasis and state that hoarseness, whitish true vocal cords, and pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia can masquerade as squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1982

Distribution and metabolism of exogenous somatostatin in the rat.

The mechanisms of clearance and degradation of injected [3H]somatostatin have been studied in the rat using octadecasilyl-silica extraction and HPLC separation methods.. Three apparent consecutive plasma half-lives of 1, 3 and 20 min were estimated following administration of a pharmacological dose. The initial rapid clearance was due to uptake by various tissue beds, mainly the large peripheral tissue masses muscle, skin and intestine which together accounted for 70% injected radioactivity at 1 min. By contrast the amounts taken up by liver and kidney were relatively small (less than 10%) despite the accumulation of higher concentrations. Massive degradation occurred following uptake and small fragments and amino acids were released into the circulation almost immediately. Inactivation by blood itself was negligible. A slow phase of decline observed at later times suggested a return of intact peptide from extravascular storage sites to sustain plasma concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the zygomatic arch.

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare vascular lesions that are most commonly found in the long bones. They are rare in the head and neck. Only two prior cases of aneurysmal bone cysts of the zygoma have been reported in the world literature. RESULTS: We report a case of aneurysmal bone cyst arising in the zygomatic arch with intracranial extension treated with selective arterial embolization and complete excision via an intratemporal fossa approach. This is the first such case reported in the head and neck surgery literature. CONCLUSIONS: Selected cases of aneurysmal bone cyst may be safely treated with selective arterial embolization and complete resection.

Adult↗