PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G E Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to G E Schmidt.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Salpingitis isthmica nodosa: a review of the literature, discussion of clinical significance, and consideration of patient management.

OBJECTIVES: To examine and discuss the pathology, diagnosis, incidence, and patient profile of salpingitis isthmica nodosa and to question its natural history, propose management strategies, and identify areas of promising research. DESIGN: Over 50 studies were reviewed, evaluated, and compared to offer the clinician a foundation on which to generate treatment plans. RESULTS: Salpingitis isthmica nodosa is diagnosed by the pathological presence of isthmic diverticula and may be suggested by characteristic changes on hysterosalpingogram. Its incidence in healthy, fertile women ranges from 0.6% to 11%, but it is significantly more common in the setting of ectopic pregnancy and infertility. There are no studies, retrospective or prospective, that clearly dictate appropriate therapy. CONCLUSION: Given its progressive nature and probable deleterious effects on fertility, we propose that microtubal surgery be the definitive treatment for qualified women who have salpingitis isthmica nodosa.

Fallopian Tubes↗
PubMed1986

The effects of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene citrates on mouse embryos fertilized in vitro and in vivo.

The ovulatory agent clomiphene citrate, a racemic mixture of the estrogenic zuclomiphene and antiestrogenic enclomiphene isomers, has been associated with gamete/embryo toxicity in various animal models. To assess the potential effects of these isomers on fertilization and early embryogenesis, 3200 embryos were obtained from mouse oocytes fertilized in vivo and in vitro and exposed to increasing concentrations of zuclomiphene, enclomiphene, and clomiphene citrate in culture. Fertilization rates (p less than 0.01), blastocyst formation rates (p less than 0.02), and degeneration rates (p less than 0.005) were all adversely affected in a dose-dependent fashion. There were no statistically significant differences between the two isomers. Preincubation with 17 beta-estradiol did decrease the degenerative changes induced by clomiphene citrate but did not improve the decreased rate of blastocyst formation. These findings suggest adverse effects of a high concentration of clomiphene citrate and its isomers on fertilization and early mouse embryo growth that may have implications in the clinical use of this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Embryo toxicity of clomiphene citrate on mouse embryos fertilized in vitro and in vivo.

The effect of the ovulatory agent clomiphene citrate on fertilization and early embryogenesis was investigated with the use of in vitro fertilized mouse oocytes. Alterations in early embryogenesis with clomiphene citrate exposure were further studied with the use of embryos obtained from mouse oocytes fertilized in vivo. In the nontreated group, the fertilization rate was 81%, and 61% of the oocytes reached the blastocyst stage by 96 hours. Both fertilization and blastocyst formation declined in a dose-dependent fashion when clomiphene citrate was added to the culture media in concentrations greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.001). The rate of progressive embryo cleavage was also slower at 48 and 72 hours after drug exposure. Mouse embryos fertilized in vivo demonstrated similar findings, with decreased blastocyst formation and increased degeneration rates, again at clomiphene citrate concentrations greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.01). Exposure to the drug beyond 24 hours had no additional effect. It appears that clomiphene citrate-exposed embryos may undergo subtle changes that later manifest themselves in the form of decreased embryo growth rates and increased embryo degeneration rates.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Serum testosterone concentrations in the evaluation of androgen-producing tumors.

During a 5-year study period 18 women with a serum testosterone concentrations of greater than 2 ng/ml were evaluated for a possible androgen-producing tumor. All subjects were hirsute and had menstrual irregularities, with the exception of one postmenopausal woman. The majority of the women were obese and 72% were greater than 50% over ideal body weight. Only two of 11 women undergoing operative and histologic evaluation of the ovaries were found to have an androgen-producing neoplasm. Seven additional women with serum testosterone concentration of greater than 2 ng/ml have been followed for over 1 year with no additional evidence of an androgen-producing neoplasm. The poor predictive value of a serum concentration of greater than 2 ng/ml in identification of an androgen-producing neoplasm is partially explained by the apparent prevalence of high testosterone concentrations in chronically anovulatory, hyperandrogenic obese women and by the large coefficient of variation observed in this study when analyzing testosterone concentrations were analyzed over an 8-hour interval (range, 3% to 42%). In the absence of an adnexal mass or rapidly progressive virilization, it is suggested that the use of venography or operative exploration to diagnose an androgen-producing neoplasm be reserved for women with a mean testosterone concentration derived from three daily samples that is at least 2.5 times greater than the upper range of normal in the given laboratory.

Androgens↗
PubMed1980

Overlooked pulmonary malignancy in neurofibromatosis.

Primary or secondary malignancy in the lung was inapparent in two patients with generalized neurofibromatosis due to confusion caused by overlying cutaneous lesions. Tomography and fluoroscopy were useful in detecting lung malignancy in both patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗