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Biomedical subjects

G Edman

Publications and source records attributed to G Edman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Personality characteristics and platelet MAO activity in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were studied in 22 women, 17-34 years old, with prenatal virilization due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (21-hydroxylase deficiency) and 22 healthy controls. The CAH group differed significantly on two of the eight scales of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), which have earlier shown significant gender differences. Both differences were in the masculine direction, with a high, male level, score for Detachment and a lower score for Indirect Aggression. The Detachment scale reflects distance in social relations, and has earlier been shown to be strongly gender differentiating. There was no significant difference in platelet MAO activity between the CAH group and the controls. Although an influence of psychosocial factors cannot be excluded, the results suggest a possible association between prenatal androgen exposure and the high Detachment score for the CAH group. Gender differences in empathy, affiliation motivation, intimacy and maternal behavior may be relevant parallels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between personality and debrisoquine hydroxylation capacity. Suggestion of an endogenous neuroactive substrate or product of the cytochrome P4502D6.

We administered the Karolinska Scales of Personality to 225 healthy subjects in Spain selected from a group of 925 individuals previously phenotyped with regard to their capacity to hydroxylate debrisoquine. A significant relationship was found between the scores in as many as 4 of the 15 subscales (psychic anxiety, psychasthenia, inhibition of aggression and socialization) and the debrisoquine hydroxylation capacity. Poor metabolizers were more anxiety-prone and less successfully socialized than extensive metabolizers of debrisoquine. This and a previous study among subjects in Sweden suggest that there may be a relationship between personality and the activity of the enzyme hydroxylating debrisoquine (cytochrome P4502D6). This polymorphic enzyme may have an endogenous neuroactive substrate or product, such as a biogenic neurotransmitter amine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase activity in alcoholic women.

Twenty-nine women, sent to an inpatient treatment facility for rehabilitation and social training after treatment for heavy alcohol abuse, were compared with 29 female students of pharmacy or medicine with regard to platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and extraversion-impulsivity and anxiety-proneness personality traits. The alcoholic females were found to have slightly lower platelet MAO activity than the controls, the difference being considerably smaller than that previously found between male alcoholics and male controls. The personality pattern of the female alcoholics is in line with that previously found in alcoholic males. Thus, the female alcoholics were characterized by high anxiety proneness, impulsive acting-out behaviour, sensation seeking, social withdrawal, and a hostile attitude.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1991

Five-year follow-up study of adolescents with intact and restored dentitions: personality traits.

The personality traits of 66 of a sample of 70 adolescents aged 19-21 years were re-examined after 5 years by means of a personality inventory (KSP). A total of 15 subjects had intact dentitions (group I), while 13 subjects had had some fillings in their teeth since the first examination (group FI), and 38 subjects had restored dentitions at both examinations (group F). The findings of this study are in agreement with those of the earlier study of Kampe, Edman and Molin (1986). On both occasions the subjects with restored dentitions had higher scores on the Somatic Anxiety and Muscular Tension scales. The differences were more pronounced for the female subjects. With regard to muscular tension, there was a significant interactive effect, with higher values for the female subjects in group F. Individuals with high scores for the Clinical Dysfunction Index (DiII and DiIII) also had the highest scores on the Somatic Anxiety and Muscular Tension scales, thus confirming the validity of the muscle palpation. The hypothesis of a correlation between personality factors and dental-filling therapy was neither accepted nor rejected. The subjects in group F had the highest scores on both occasions on the Somatic Anxiety and Muscular Tension scales, although the subjects in group FI had the lowest scores. Further studies are required, and another 5-year follow-up study of this material could be conclusive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Electrodermal responsivity in young hypotensive and hypertensive men.

Electrodermal responses were recorded during the presentation of 16 moderately intense (1000 Hz, 90dB) tones in three groups of young men: borderline hypertensives (138/79 mmHg), normotensives (112/65 mmHg), and hypotensives (104/63 mmHg). Electrodermal response habituation was measured as a decline in response over trials, number of trials to a response criterion of three successive nonresponses, and number of inversions of response amplitude (larger responses following smaller responses) in the stimulus sequence. Habituation was fastest in hypotensives. Nonspecific electrodermal responses at rest and during tone presentations were most frequent in borderline hypertensives, least frequent in the hypotensive group, with the normotensive group falling in between. There were no significant differences in electrodermal level. The rapid habituation rate in hypotensives is discussed in terms of cursory information processing associated with impulsive behaviour. The higher nonspecific electrodermal activity in borderline hypertensives is interpreted to indicate increased sympathetic nervous system activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Does Swedish amateur boxing lead to chronic brain damage? 1. A retrospective medical, neurological and personality trait study.

Sweden banned professional boxing in 1969 and has also considered banning amateur boxing. We therefore analysed possible chronic brain damage in 47 former amateur boxers who started their careers after the introduction of stricter Swedish amateur boxing rules. The boxers were compared with three control groups--25 soccer players, 25 track and field athletes and 19 conscripts. All athletes were interviewed about their sports career, medical history and social variables. They then underwent a physical and a neurological examination, including a mini-mental state examination. Personality traits were investigated and related to their platelet MAO activity in the athletes as well as in the conscripts. No significant differences were found between the groups in any of the physical or neurological examinations. All had a normal mini-mental state examination. Thus, results from these test methods did not reveal any signs of chronic brain damage from Swedish amateur boxing. Neither were any significant differences found with regard to platelet MAO activity, while significant differences were found in some of the social and personality traits variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Violent and nonviolent suicide attempts--a controlled Rorschach study.

Rorschach records from 20 patients who had made active, violent suicide attempts were compared with records from 20 patients who had taken drug overdoses and 20 psychiatric control patients who had not made a suicide attempt. Ego function ratings showed that violent attempters were more paranoid than both other groups and less able to cope with conflict situations, to handle dysphoric affect and to differentiate between reality and imagination. Violent attempters had lower level of cognitive maturity than controls and tended to produce fabulized combination responses, suggesting cognitive slippage, and distorted human content responses, indicating pathological object relationships. Nonviolent attempters did not differ from controls. Six patients, all from the violent attempt group, completed suicide within a follow-up period of 4 years. Compared with the survivors, they were less tolerant of dysphoric affect and showed more pronounced decline of developmental level within cards. Completers could be identified on the Rorschach at 55% sensitivity and 93% specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A twin study of amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.

The concentrations of amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in pairs of healthy mono- and dizygotic twins. Intraclass correlations were calculated. Genetic and cultural heritabilities were estimated using a path analytical model. CSF levels of glycine, tyrosine and arginine were shown to be influenced by genetic factors. Genetic variation was also shown for serine, alpha-aminobutyrate and leucine. The results were compared with results from a genetic analysis of the amino acids in serum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Markers for vulnerability to psychopathology: temperament traits associated with platelet MAO activity.

The functional linkage between platelet MAO activity and psychopathology was explored by analyzing temperamental correlates in 40 male subjects by means of scales from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Inventory, and the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Linear correlations were found with two sensation seeking scales, replicating earlier findings. However, nonlinear correlations predominated. Subjects with intermediate platelet MAO activity had higher scores in conformity scales and lower scores in anxiety and hostility scales than low and high MAO subgroups. Low MAO subjects showed a pattern of higher scores in KSP Impulsiveness, EPQ Neuroticism, and KSP Somatic Anxiety and Irritability and lower scores in KSP Socialization, in line with personality profiles found in alcoholics, psychopaths, and suicide attempters who also tend to have low platelet MAO activity. High MAO subjects scored lower in sensation seeking and conformity scales and higher in KSP Psychasthenia, Muscular Tension and Suspicion scales, consistent with clinical links between high platelet MAO activity and anxiety and paranoia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Thrombocyte monoamine oxidase activity and personality traits in women with severe premenstrual syndrome.

Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) of such severity that they actively had sought medical attention for their symptoms were compared with healthy female students with regard to platelet MAO activity and temperamental correlates by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), scales from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Eysenck's IVE inventory. The women with PMS were divided into two groups; irritability and depression as predominating symptom. No variation in platelet MAO was found during the menstrual cycle, either in patients or in controls. Both PMS groups had significantly lower platelet MAO activity than the controls. There was no difference between the two groups with PMS. Also with regard to personality traits there were considerable differences between the females with PMS and the controls. There were few differences between the two groups of PMS patients. Thus, the patients scored significantly higher as regards somatic anxiety, muscular tension, indirect aggression, verbal aggression and neuroticism and lower as regards socialization than the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Personality correlates of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in female and male subjects.

Associations between platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and scale scores from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy inventory and the Karolinska Scales of Personality were studied in 32 female and 29 male students (age range 17-19 years). There were significant negative correlations between MAO activity and extraversion-related scales for male subjects; in the female group the correlations were also negative but nonsignificant. When comparing subgroups with low, intermediate, and high platelet MAO activity subjects, consistent trends were observed in the direction of higher scores in the impulsivity scales, the sensation seeking-related Monotony avoidance scale, and the Indirect Aggression scale for both female and male low MAO activity groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Skin conductance habituation and cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in suicidal patients.

The concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and psychophysiologic variables, such as habituation of the skin conductance response, were measured in 35 drug-free, suicidal inpatients. Twenty-four patients were hospitalized after a suicide attempt, and another 11 had suicidal ideation. The suicide attempters were classified into nonviolent (drug overdoses taken orally, or a single wrist cut) and violent (all other methods). As in previous studies, the suicide attempters had significantly lower CSF concentrations of 5-HIAA compared with healthy, matched controls. The distribution of habituation rate was bimodal (slow and fast habituators). All violent attempters were fast habituators, as were all four patients who in a one-year follow-up were found to have completed a suicide (all by violent methods). The lowest frequency of fast habituators was found in the group of patients with suicidal ideation. There was no correlation between CSF 5-HIAA and habituation rate. A combination of these two variables yielded a highly significant correlation with type of suicide behavior, both retrospectively and prospectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of twins and unrelated individuals--a genetic study.

The concentrations of the major monoamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MOPEG), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH)-activity in serum and CSF were determined in pairs of healthy mono- and dizygotic twins, brothers and unrelated individuals. Intraclass correlations were calculated for each category of pairs. Of the monoamine metabolites, only MOPEG was found to be under any major genetic influence. Genetic heritability for MOPEG was 0.74 with no evidence of cultural heritability or environment common to twins. For HVA and 5-HIAA, a familial influence was found, where the cultural heritability was higher than the genetic. As in previous studies of MAO in blood platelets and of DBH activity in serum, there was strong evidence for a genetic component. The genetic heritability for MAO was 0.78. For DBH in serum the genetic component was 0.98, and for DBH in CSF, 0.83. The demonstration of a familial influence on 5-HIAA and HVA in CSF requires a more detailed analysis of the character of such environmental and genetic influences, using more direct techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Personality traits of adolescents with intact and restored dentitions.

The personality pattern of 29 subjects aged 15 years with intact dentitions was studied by means of a personality inventory (KSP) and compared with that of 41 subjects of the same age with repaired dentitions. The subjects with repaired dentitions showed significantly higher scores in the somatic anxiety and the muscular tension scales; that is, dental restorations were commoner in subjects with autonomic and motor disturbances related to anxiety-proneness. Furthermore, subjects in the control group with high clinical dysfunction index (CDI) had higher scores in the muscular tension, the inhibition of aggression, and the irritability scales. The finding of higher scores in the muscular tension scale was validated in the clinical examination. Possible explanations of the differences in the personality patterns between individuals with intact and repaired dentitions are discussed. Clenching and gnashing of the teeth was also studied in relation to the personality variables. Teeth clenchers in both groups were more anxiety-prone, less self-assertive, and less socialized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Clinical and biochemical effects of citalopram, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor--a dose-response study in depressed patients.

Citalopram is a bicyclic phtalane derivative. In animal experiments, citalopram has been demonstrated to possess a potent and highly selective inhibitory effect on serotonin reuptake. Several studies in man have indicated that citalopram given in daily doses of 40-60 mg has antidepressant properties and few side effects. The present double-blind study investigated the effects of three doses of citalopram (5 mg, 25 mg, and 50 mg) on depressive symptoms and various biochemical variables in 26 depressive patients. A significant reduction of the clinical ratings of depressive symptoms occurred at all dose levels. In endogenously depressed patients, a dose of 25 or 50 mg daily seemed to have the most pronounced antidepressive effect. The side effects were few and not related to dose level. A highly significant decrease in 5-HIAA in the CSF was found. MO-PEG in the CSF was also significantly decreased, while HVA in the CSF was increased. In addition, a significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of valine, leucine, tyrosine, and histidine was found. None of the biochemical effects was dose-dependent. The complex pattern of biochemical effects indicate that the amelioration of depressive symptoms might be related to effects of citalopram on central monoaminergic mechanisms and peripheral amino acid concentrations.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls.

Compared to healthy controls, unmedicated schizophrenic patients had significantly higher plasma concentrations of taurine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine. Except for taurine, these amino acids share the L-transport system for neutral amino acids. In the patients, homovanillic (HVA) acid levels in CSF were decreased and the plasma levels of the amino acids competing with tyrosine and tryptophan for transport into the brain, were all negatively correlated to the CSF concentrations of HVA and 5-HIAA. These findings could be explained by a change in the affinity of the L-system or by a decrease in its overall capacity in schizophrenia. Raised plasma levels of the competing amino acids may limit the brain uptake of tyrosine, leading to a diminished dopamine turnover, and resulting in a compensatory development of supersensitive dopamine receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Personality traits in a group of severely obese patients: a study of patients in two self-chosen weight reducing programs.

The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) test, were used in 98 obese patients. Both female and male patients showed higher scores in Somatic anxiety, Muscular tension, Impulsiveness, Monotony avoidance and lower scores in Socialization when compared to control groups for each sex. The obese patients were given the choice of treatment with either a combined behavioural modification program or jaw fixation. These groups differed significantly with regard to Psychasthenia, with higher scores in those who chose behavioural treatment, and to Monotony avoidance with higher scores in those who chose jaw fixation.

Adult↗