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Biomedical subjects

G Eichler

Publications and source records attributed to G Eichler.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Commitment of mentally ill and community psychiatry].

The question was investigated whether during the time of building up a psychiatric department in a General Hospital the situation changes in the Mental Hospital already in evident points e.g. the rate of compulsory admissions. Two years were compared: 1984 the year before the psychiatric department was established and 1988 the year with half of the number of planned beds built up in the psychiatric department. The number of admissions to the Mental Hospital was cut in half. The total sum of compulsory admissions to the Mental Hospital as well as to the psychiatric department was reduced from 255 (1984) to 148 (1988). Already in this time of building up the psychiatric department the compulsory admitted, the gerontopsychiatric patients and the foreigners were over proportional represented among the patients in the department compared to the Mental Hospital. The often presumed selection did not take place.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Photodynamic effects of new silicon phthalocyanines: in vitro studies utilizing rat hepatic microsomes and human erythrocyte ghosts as model membrane sources.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is a modality that relies upon the irradiation of tumors with visible light following selective uptake of a photosensitizer by the tumor tissue. There is considerable emphasis to define new photosensitizers suitable for PDT of cancer. In this study we evaluated six phthalocyanines (Pc) for their photodynamic effects utilizing rat hepatic microsomes and human erythrocyte ghosts as model membrane sources. Of the newly synthesized Pc, two showed significant destruction of cytochrome P-450 and monooxygenase activities, and enhancement of lipid peroxidation, when added to microsomal suspension followed by irradiation with approximately 675 nm light. These two Pc named SiPc IV (HOSiPcOSi[CH3]2[CH2]3N[CH3]2) and SiPc V (HOSiPc-OSi[CH3]2[CH2]3N[CH3]3+I-) showed dose-dependent photodestruction of cytochrome P-450 and monooxygenase activities in liver microsomes, and photoenhancement of lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxide formation and lipid fluorescence in microsomes and erythrocyte ghosts. Compared to chloroaluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate, SiPc IV and SiPc V produced far more pronounced photodynamic effects. Sodium azide, histidine, and 2,5-dimethylfuran, the quenchers of singlet oxygen, afforded highly significant protection against SiPc IV- and SiPc V-mediated photodynamic effects. However, to a lesser extent, the quenchers of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical also showed some protective effects. These results suggest that SiPc IV and SiPc V may be promising photosensitizers for the PDT of cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes fused to LICR-2 (HMY2) generate human-human hybridomas producing monoclonal IgG antibodies reactive to human breast carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Human-human hybridomas were generated using pokeweed mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from the regional lymph nodes of cancer patients by fusion to the LICR-2 human myeloma cell line. A total of 35 fusions, using the regional lymph node lymphocytes of cancer patients, resulted in hybrid growth in 23% of wells plated with 21 IgG ELISA positive clones, 6 of which have maintained stable human monoclonal antibody production. Mononuclear cells were separated on Ficoll-Paque and grown for 3-4 days in 1% pokeweed mitogen and fused to the LICR-2 human myeloma cell line. Human-human hybridoma producing membrane reactive IgG antibodies have been isolated and react to the following cancers: breast; melanoma. Twenty-seven fusions from 8 breast carcinoma patients resulted in 13 ELISA positive IgGs, 3 of which were stable after cloning. A total of 5,071 wells were plated after polyethylene glycol fusion with resultant hybrid growth in 1210 wells (24% hybrid growth) after hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selection. In 8 fusions using regional lymph node lymphocytes of other types of cancer, including 6 fusions using lymphocytes from malignant melanoma patients, there were 1,580 wells plated with positive growth in 20% of the wells (311 wells). Of these, 8 clones were ELISA positive and 3 stable clones all producing IgG anti-melanoma antibody were isolated. The overall hybrid frequency was 43 x 10(-7) fused lymphocytes (39 x 10(-7) non-breast and 45 x 10(-7) breast). A total of 21 IgG-producing clones were identified to crude membranes of allogeneic tumor cell lines and stable antibody production was achieved for 6 (29% stable clones).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

[Bronchospasmolytic test].

Bronchodilation test using metered aerosols is a simple but extraordinary reliable method of respiratory functional diagnostics. It is highly sensitive (92%) and absolutely specific (100%) for demonstration of a pathologic elevated tonus of the bronchial musculature. The importance for the choice of therapy is limited. The main advantage concerns the diagnostic classification of the obstructive bronchopulmonary diseases.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1983

Chemotherapeutic study on Yoshida sarcoma ascites cells implanted into the glandular stomach of rats. Monotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU, mitomycin C, adriamycin, and cytosine arabinoside, and combination therapy with respective two-drug combinations.

The chemotherapeutic activity of five cytostatic drugs was investigated experimentally in monotherapy and in two-drug combinations, using Yoshida sarcoma cells implanted into the wall of the glandular stomach of Sprague-Dawley rats. In monotherapy, the antibiotic agent mitomycin C and the nitrosourea methyl-CCNU exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity in this tumor model. In combination therapy, the combination of these two drugs was superior to all the other therapeutic schemes tested. In general, the results demonstrate a marked superiority of combination therapy in comparison with monotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Induction of tumors of the forestomach in rats by oral application of N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine.

After 12 oral applications of 80 mg/kg MNNG as a suspension in 30% aqueous ethanol at weekly intervals, 98 Sprague-Dawley rats died with multiple tumors of the forestomach after a medium latency period of 226 days. Histological examination showed generalized papillomatosis developing into keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas with infiltrative growth in 88/98 (89%) animals. Tumorigenic lesions in the glandular stomach ware only observed in 3/98 rats. In two of these animals, mucosal adenocarcinomas were found and in the third a leiomyosarcoma. In about 30% of the animals treated with MNNG, degenerative liver changes were found, especially single cell and focal necroses, cystic alterations, and bile-duct proliferations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

On the significance of severe local reactions to Hymenoptera stings.

Of 317 patients with hypersensitivity to Hymenoptera stings forty had severe local reactions (SLR) only, fifty-nine reported severe local reactions before their first and seven after their last systemic reaction (SR). The probability to develop a life threatening systemic reaction when restung after a severe local reaction was calculated to be about 5%. In 80% of the patients with severe local reactions only, hypersensitivity to either bee or yellow jacket venom could be demonstrated by skin tests and/or RAST. A fair correlation of skin test and RAST results was observed. In patients with severe local reactions hyposensitization therapy with venoms is not generally indicated. In exceptional patients whose allergy is proven by skin tests or RAST and who are at a high risk of being restung, hyposensitization may be considered.

Adolescent↗