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Biomedical subjects

G Ekelund

Publications and source records attributed to G Ekelund.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Compartment syndrome after prolonged surgery with leg supports.

Compartment syndrome has been reported in a few cases after prolonged surgery with patients in leg supports. A recent case in our hospital (57-year-old man undergoing cystourethrectomy because of cancer) made us interested in the problem. This case together with six from the literature are analysed. Moreover, the first 11 cases operated on with a pelvic pouch and ileoanal anastomosis at our department were reviewed. They had been in the leg support position for a median duration of 6.4 (5.8-8) h. In four of them leg pain and swelling developed within 12 h. Three showed regression within a few days, one after a week. In one patient with swelling compartment pressure was measured with a transducer tipped catheter. Intermittently the pressure was up to 50 mm Hg. There was an obvious decrease in pressure on knee bending. Also, in a patient without swelling large pressure variations were seen but not to critical levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The adenoma-carcinoma sequence in rectal adenomas. Support by the expression of blood group substances and carcinoma antigens.

The reaction patterns of eight antibodies directed against blood group substances A, B, and H and against Lewis B antigen, difucosylated carbohydrate antigens (DFCA), gastrointestinal cancer antigen (GICA) CA 19-9, carcinoma-associated antigen CA-50, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were studied in mucosa and adenomas of the rectum. Antigenic heterogeneity was a common feature of rectal mucosa and was observed to a considerable degree in adenomas. In general, the rectal mucosa expressed only a few antigens and to a limited extent. The adenomas were more extensively stained than the rectal mucosa. The proportion of positive cells increased with the grade of dysplasia but was relatively unrelated to the histologic type. The proportion of individual antigens expressed and the number of antigens extensively expressed increased between rectal mucosa, benign adenomas, and adenomas with early invasive carcinoma. These findings support the concept of an adenoma (dysplasia)-carcinoma sequence.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease--a review of some current opinions and controversies.

There are many controversial issues regarding the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. From this review we have concluded that the longer surgery for Crohn's disease is delayed, the higher the rate is of pre- and postoperative complications. A plea is thus made for relatively early surgical intervention. For Crohn's disease, the general policy today is to perform resections, even if relatively limited ones, rather than to perform by-passes of the macroscopically involved intestine. Indeterminate colitis, as well as self-limiting colitis, are differential diagnoses that the surgeon must be aware of, especially when selecting the appropriate operative method. Due to the existent risk of cancer in ulcerative colitis, some authors advocate prophylactic colectomy after 10 to 15 years, but the most current policy seems to be one of close surveillance, with surgery only in the cases of severe dysplasia or if a so called dysplasia associated lesion or mass (DALM) is diagnosed. Coloproctectomy has been the standard procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis, however, good or even excellent results are often seen after ileorectal anastomosis and pelvic pouch operations. Although all patients cannot benefit from the latter operation it is likely that it will become the principal operation for patients with ulcerative colitis.

Colectomy↗
PubMed1987

Recurrence rates after curative surgery for rectal carcinoma, with special reference to their accuracy.

Is the observed recurrence rate after curative surgery for rectal cancer always a good measure of therapeutic improvements? In an attempt to answer this question, the rates of local and distant recurrences were studied in two complete series of patients operated on for cure for rectal carcinoma. One hundred one consecutive patients were followed for five years in one series and 231 were followed for at least 18 years in the other series. The recurrence rate in the first series was 39 percent and in the second, with the longer observation time, 54 percent. The local recurrence rates were 24 and 38 percent, respectively. Both local and total recurrence rates increased with the length of the follow-up period. This was especially true for patients with combined local and distant disease. Autopsy sometimes demonstrated recurrences, clinically undiscovered. It is concluded that completeness, long follow-up, and intensive search for recurrence, including a high autopsy rate, are factors that raise both total and local recurrence rates. All these factors are important to consider when comparing results of different treatment modalities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Upper gastrointestinal carcinoma in familial polyposis. Case report.

In three siblings with familial polyposis coli, adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract appeared many years after colectomy. The risk of extracolonic lesions occurring in familial polyposis underlines the need for regular upper gastrointestinal surveillance after colectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Fertility and outcome of pregnancy in patients operated on for Crohn's disease.

Fertility and outcome of pregnancy were assessed in all 78 women below 40 years of age in a total, unselected series of patients with Crohn's disease, diagnosed during a 17-year period and consecutively treated with resectional surgery, in most cases at an early stage. The median follow-up time after the primary operation was 12.8 years. During the observation time there were 87 pregnancies in 44 patients. Neither the number of live births, nor the frequency of abortions differed from that expected in the general population. There was no still birth. The localization of the disease was not significant. In conclusion, there were no indications of any negative influence of surgical intervention.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of possibilities for mass screening for colorectal cancer with Hemoccult fecal blood test.

Data from a health survey including the Hemoccult fecal blood test, together with official cause-specific death rates, were used to assess the magnitude of a controlled trial that would be required to prove a 25 percent reduction of the mortality from colorectal cancer associated with screening. All men in three age groups in the city of Malmö, Sweden, were invited, but 46 percent did not participate in, the Hemoccult screening. One carcinoma and 89 adenomas were detected in 56 of the 2422 who did. With the risk function used in our calculation and a compliance rate of 60 percent, a study population among 45- to 69-year-olds of 605,000 is required to prove an expected 25 percent reduction of the mortality with 90 percent power. Considering the size of such a trial, we question whether a controlled trial is feasible. With known risk functions for death from all causes and death from colorectal cancer, the study population was calculated using variable statistical power, participation rate, and risk reduction. Statistical methods and computer programs are given. In addition, alternative study models to assess the benefits associated with screening are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Preoperative short-term radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. A preliminary report of a prospective randomized study.

Between 1980 and 1983, 373 patients with clinically resectable rectal adenocarcinoma entered a prospective randomized study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term preoperative radiotherapy. Protocol violations were identified in 21 instances. Of the remaining 352 patients, 182 were randomized to surgical treatment only (S-group). Immediately, before surgery, 170 patients were irradiated to the pelvic region with 25 Gy (2500 rad) during a 5-day period (RT-group). Of these patients, 59% underwent abdominoperineal excision, 38% anterior resection, and 3% laparotomy only. At surgery distant metastases were discovered in 32 patients (9%). There were no significant differences between the groups in the distribution of age, sex, operative methods, and tumor stage according to the original Dukes' classification. During the follow-up time, ranging between 6 months and 3 years, tumor recurrence occurred in 35 patients, 19 in the S-group and 16 in the RT-group. Fifteen patients in the S-group had pelvic recurrence compared to 10 patients in the RT-group. Distant metastases occurred in six and eight patients, respectively. Two patients in each group had both pelvic and distant recurrence. There was no correlation between tumor recurrence and type of operation. Median time interval from diagnosis to pelvic recurrence was 10 months in the S-group and 16 months in the RT-group. Postoperative complications in the form of wound sepsis were slightly more common in the RT-group. In summary, the applied treatment regimen, is well-tolerated and apparently does not affect the Dukes' stage of the tumor. Although there is no statistically significant difference, there is a trend of less pelvic recurrence in patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Jejunal endocrine tumor composed of somatostatin and gastrin cells and associated with duodenal ulcer disease.

A case of malignant endocrine tumour of the jejunum, associated with severe duodenal ulcer is described. The tumour and a local metastasis were examined by immunohistochemistry and found to contain abundant somatostatin-immunoreactive cells together with less numerous cells displaying gastrin immunoreactivity. This is to our knowledge the first case of intestinal somatostatinoma. The presence of gastrin cells in the tumour may explain the ulcer diathesis.

Duodenal Ulcer↗