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Biomedical subjects

G Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to G Ellis.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Cisternography with metrizamide and hypocycloidal tomography.

Cisternography with metrizamide (Amipaque) and hypocycloidal tomography was found to depict cisternal anatomy with detail and precision not obtainable with any other technique. Clinical tolerance is comparable to that of encephalography if suitable precautions are followed. All side effects observed had disappeared 36 hours after injection, and no delayed noxious effects were recorded. This method offers a simple, rapid and precise technique for depicting cisternal anatomy and requires no equipment other than a tilting multidirectional tomographic unit.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The sulfophosphovanillin reaction for serum lipids: a reappraisal.

New evidence is presented for the mechanism of this reaction, which is used in estimating lipids. The reaction occurs in two stages: (a) Stage 1 evidently involves an oxidation step, forming a specific type of carbonium ion called an alkenyl cation of the general formula R--C+--C==C--R' (previous evidence had indicated that a carbonium ion of general formula R--C+--R' was formed by protonation only.) (b) Stage 2 of the reaction was examined by nuclear magnetic resonance studies and by partition experiments, which have indicated that a vanillin phosphate ester is not formed as previously suggested. Comparative data from other acid-aldehyde reactions indicate that in this reaction 1,1-di(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)ethylene ion is formed, a product compatible with the formation of an alkenyl cation at stage 1.

Benzaldehydes↗
PubMed1977

Sequential-saturation-type assay for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

We describe a method for measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum. The serum is denatured with ethanol, and the extract purified by chromatography on silicic acid to prevent potential interference from vitamin D and by other substances. 25-Hydoxyvitamin D is assayed by sequential saturation analysis in Tris-HCI buffer, pH 8.6, containing the surfactant Triton X-405 (2 ml/liter) to solubilize the steroid. Diluter, unpurifed normal human serum is used as the binder. The method is sensitive and precise. The dose-response curve is linear. The assay normally gives high count rates (12 000 to 20 000 cpm for the zero standard) and consequently 25-hydroxyvitamin D of low specific activity can be used if necessary. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was determined in normal and osteomalacic subjects.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1976

A diagnostic triad for portal cirrhosis.

Abnormal serum aminotransferase activities with dominance of aspartate aminotransferase over alanine aminotransferase activity, and elevated serum adenosine deaminase activity and immunoglobulin. A concentration, were commonly encountered among patients with portal cirrhosis. The full triad was present in 31 of 49 cases (63%). As isolated abnormalities, these features were not uncommon in patients with other diseases of the liver and biliary tree, but the full triad was found only in 11 of 163 such cases (6.8%). The presence of this triad in a patient with unexplained hepatomegaly is indicative of portal cirrhosis.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1976

Quality control of serum alkaline phosphatase assays: project report and discussion of some factors affecting the assay.

The factors which affect the standardisation and quality control of serum alkaline phosphatase assays are discussed. A quality control project was designed to test the performance of seven Birmingham laboratories in the assay of sera with alkaline phosphatase activities outside the range normally tested by the National Quality Control and Wellcome schemes. The results showed that the precision of individual laboratories was satisfactory. Differences between the results of the laboratories were considerable and could be accounted for by differences in methodology. Auto-Analyzer methods employing phenyl phosphate as substrate would best be standardised by adopting the optimised reaction conditions of Buch and Buch (1939); but the borate buffer of these authors should be replaced by the carbonate-bicarbonate buffer of Moss et al. (1971). To avoid the confusion which may arise in future if alkaline phosphatases are reported in U/l irrespective of the substrate, it is suggested that some substrate--indicative nomenclature may be advisable.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Serum guanase activities after myocardial infarction.

Serum guanase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activities were measured in 290 blood samples from 96 consecutive patients admitted to a Coronary Care Unit. Elevated serum guanase activities (greater than 2 U/l) were found in 19 patients (20%). The magnitude and frequency of these elevations did not negate the value of guanase as a "liver function test", since all cases with raised guanase also had abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase activities. This fact, together with other information in the literature, indicated that elevated serum guanase activity following myocardial infarction was consequent upon some degree of sub-clinical hepatic necrosis. Caution must be exercised when serum asparate aminotransferase is used as an index of heart muscle necrosis unless guanase or some other "liver specific" enzyme is known to be normal, or unless creatine phosphokinase or hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activities are elevated.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1974

An assessment of serum acid and alkaline phosphatase determinations in prostatic cancer with a clinical validation of an acid phosphatase assay utilizing adenosine 3'-monophosphate as substrate.

Serum acid phosphatase (AcPase) was measured by a colorimetric method utilizing adenosine 3' -monophosphate as substrate in 389 patients. In about half the cases blood was taken shortly after a rectal examination. The upper reference limit (mean + 2SD) for 116 cases with miscellaneous illness after eliminating outliers was 4.1 International Units per litre (U/I) at 37 degrees C, and no correlation existed between AcPase activity and age in these subjects (r = 0.040). Eight of 18 patients with untreated carcinoma confined within the prostate gland had AcPase activities below 4.1 U/l, and all of 27 cases with extension to pelvic soft tissues or to bone exceeded this value. AcPase activities above 4.1 U/l were found in 6% of cases with benign hypertrophy of the prostate, in 5% of cases with non-prostatic cancer, and in none of 22 cases with other urological illness. Raised serum alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity was found in 60% of patients with untreated prostatic cancer and in only 6% of patients free of prostatic cancer, in most of whom there was a clinical explanation for the elevation. The correlation between the two phosphatase activities was not significant (r = 0.294). While APase activity does not reflect the stage of the disease as closely as AcPase activity, and is not so frequently elevated, it provided useful confirmation of the diagnosis in five patients of the present series whose AcPase levels were normal or only minimally elevated.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1973

Significance of hyperamylasaemia and abdominal pain in diabetic ketoacidosis.

An analysis of 35 consecutive episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis confirmed the frequent high levels of serum amylase in this condition. Serum amylase was raised during 21 episodes (60%), and in six instances (17%) the peak level exceeded 1,000 Somogyi units per 100 ml. Hyperamylasaemia was more often found when the initial blood sugar exceeded 500 mg/100 ml, or when the onset of the episode had been relatively acute (less than 48 hours). There was no conclusive evidence in any patient to support a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and other explanations for the hyperamylasaemia are discussed. Even grossly raised amylase levels were not associated with increased mortality or morbidity.

Abdomen↗