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Biomedical subjects

G Escande

Publications and source records attributed to G Escande.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The lymphatic drainage of the human ovary in vivo investigated by isotopic lymphography before and after the menopause.

The authors report 14 lymphoscintigraphies of the ovary, 8 before and 6 after the menopause. Injection of colloid labeled with technetium 99 m with elective lymphatic absorption was made into the mesovarium under laparoscopic control. Frontal and lateral images of the lymphatic drainage were made with a gamma camera 4-6 h after injection. Even in this short preliminary series, the premenopausal women showed major local and regional lymphatic circulation with drainage to the lumbo-aortic and pelvic nodes. After the menopause the lymphatic flow decreased and drainage was essentially by the aorto-lumbar nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Various mechanic characteristics of bony structures of the temporo-mandibular joint in several classes of mammals studied by measurement of hardness and resistance to penetration].

Applying the principles of mechanics, the authors have studied and compared the bony structures of the temporo-mandibular joint. Using the means of investigation usually implemented in the metallurgical sector, they have tried to establish a link between the morphology and mechanical strength of the various components of this joint in some subjects belonging to the mammals classification and with various feeding modes. The results obtained by hardness micrometry tend to show that during masticatory movements, the temporo-mandibular joint works in a hanging rather than in a compressed mode.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Mechanics of the characteristic geometry of the human spine undergoing vertical pressure].

Since MAGENDIE in 1816, it has been a common assertion in books of Anatomie that curves of the spine increase its strength. This increase in strength has been estimated by a formula attributed to EULER: R = nc2 + 1 in which R is the strength and nc2 stands for the square of the number of curves. Applying the actual law of Euler on the strength of beams submitted to a vertical effort, the authors conclude that strength is increased by about 30% and not multiplied by 10, 16 or even 17 as is often falsely written.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

[Intrapulmonary adenopathies. Apropos of a case].

The authors report the case of a peripheral subvisceral pleural nodule which was found to be an intra pulmonary lymph node. This lesion, as an uncommon pattern, belongs to the coin lesion's gamut in adults. The improved sensitivity of CT scan in detecting infra centimetric pulmonary nodules should increase the absolute incidence of this diagnosis. But the radiologic features are non specific: an histologic control is necessary and percutaneous needle biopsy not always obviate exploratory minithoracotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[An intracardiac needle without thoracic penetration].

The authors report on the asymptomatic case of a child with intra cardiac needle, which was discovered after systematic pre operative X Ray chest film. Surgical removal of this foreign body could be performed before any of its possibly lethal complications (50%).

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1986

[Study of the innervation of the spinal ligaments at the lumbar level].

The authors studied the innervation of the human lumbar spinal ligaments on cadaver or surgical specimens. In the ligaments annexed to the neural arch and in the posterior longitudinal ligament were found free-ending fibers and amyelinic perivascular fibers. In the anterior longitudinal ligament, coexisting with perivascular fibers were found encapsulated corpuscular formations on the ventrolateral aspect of the junction between the intervertebral disc and vertebral body. These findings comfort the role of the anterior longitudinal ligament in proprioception essential both in static and dynamic function of the spine.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Biomechanical properties of spinal ligaments and a histological study of the supraspinal ligament in traction.

This paper reports the results of a biomechanical study of 43 human spinal ligaments from fresh cadavers and living subjects. Tensile tests were performed with an original testing machine. The tension load and relaxation were applied at the same constant slow rate (1 mm min-1) on entire ligaments. In order to avoid ligament injuries, fixation in the apparatus was on the bone held in clamps specifically designed for each bone, never the ligament itself or its bony attachments. All the load-deformation curves had a sigmoid shape and during load-unload cycles ligaments exhibited elastic properties. This was particularly evident for the ligamentum flavum. The intertransverse posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum were the most resistant. The elongation-tension curve pattern may be explained by the microscopic architectural change that was studied in supraspinous ligament.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Mediastinoscopy in the evaluation of the operability of bronchial cancer].

Mediastinoscopy is an invasive technique used to explore the anterior and upper mediastinum. The axial mediastinum and its lymph nodes are explored through the cervical approach, and the pulmonary vessels and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes through the parasternal approach. Bronchial carcinomas which extend to the mediastinum, either via the lymphatic system or by contiguity, are of extremely severe prognosis. The advent of mediastinoscopy has considerably reduced the number of exploratory thoracotomies and therefore the operative mortality rate, while increasing the resectability rate to 95%. It has also narrowed the indications for surgery without decreasing the number of curative resections. In the hands of experienced operators, the technique has a low morbidity rate. CT examination is not as accurate as mediastinoscopy to evaluate the mediastinal extension of bronchial carcinomas, but it can help to lay down the indications for the invasive technique, thereby limiting its use to selected cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[The anconeus muscle. Anatomical and electromyographic study].

Since Duchenne de Boulogne's study, controversial statements are made about anconeus muscle. The authors presented an anatomical study from 10 cadavers and an electromyographic study from 10 examinations performed on 10 living subjects 18 to 47 years old. The authors found that anconeus muscle was an extensor of the elbow, a pronator of the forearm and that this muscle mobilized the ulna upward in adduction playing a role in the stabilisation of the elbow in various movements and in the ulnar deviation of the wrist. Finally the anconeus muscle might be considered an active lateral ligament of the elbow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Tetralogy of Fallot with congenital absence of a pulmonary artery. Apropos of 4 cases].

Four patients aged between 3 1/2 and 16 years were treated surgically for tetralogy of Fallot associated with congenital absence of the left pulmonary artery. This absence, suspected from the chest X-ray, was confirmed preoperatively by angiography of the right and left cavities, aortography, left pulmonary wedged venography and radionuclide scan and substantiated by intraoperative exploration. Congenital absence differs physiopathologically from acquired destruction of a pulmonary branch. In all four patients, repair was performed exclusively on the right branch, without any attempt to introduce a valve in the pulmonary outflow tract and without regard for normal recommendations concerning acquired branch lesions. The only patient to retain a high right ventricular pressure was the one whose pulmonary ring looked sufficiently large to warrant preservation. In all four cases, the postoperative course was uneventful, and the clinical condition is very satisfactory with a follow up of two to twenty-four months. The conclusion would seem to be that the association of tetralogy of Fallot with congenital absence of the left pulmonary artery ascertained with certainty preoperatively, in no way modifies therapy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

[Myxomas of the right atrium. Apropos of 3 cases. Review of the literature].

The authors report 3 cases of right atrial myxoma and review 88 other cases in the literature managed by surgery. The first personal case, in a 74 year old patient, illustrate the dramatic consequences of tumour engagement in the tricuspid orifice, in this instance cardiac arrest during catheterisation justifying emergency surgery. The second case exemplifies the diagnostic value of echocardiography: the correction of an erroneous diagnosis of pericarditis. The third case shows that some forms may be totally asymptomatic, the tumor being diagnosed on clinical examination and confirmed by echocardiography. In their review of the literature, the low overall incidence of primary cardiac tumours, of which myxoma is the most common, is emphasised. A right atrial localisation is found in only 25% cases. 88 surgical reports have been published since Bahnam's original attempt at surgical cure under cardiopulmonary bypass. Myxoma may occur at any age but it usually presents between the ages of 30 and 60. Some familial forms have been reported. The presenting symptoms are protean but usually point to an obstacle in the right heart chambers. They may be summarized as follows: 1. Isolated right ventricular failure without left heart disease may be observed in large tumours (reported in 50% of cases). 2. Simulating pericarditis (25% of cases) with a low grade pyrexia (25% of cases). 3. Paroxysmas of cardio respiratory distress of variable severity (a few cases). Clinical examination, chest x-ray and ECG are not diagnostic but do show non-specific changes which are of value in drawing attention to the heart and leading to echocardiography. This confirms the diagnosis by showing abnormal mobile echos in the right atrium prolapsing into the right ventricle in diastole. Angiography serves only to confirm these appearances. Surgery is the treatment of choice, and preferably with the shortest possible delay. It offers definitive cure at a minimal risk to the patient.

Adult↗