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Biomedical subjects

G Esser

Publications and source records attributed to G Esser.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

["Risk children": the importance of biological and psychosocial risks for child development in the first two years of life].

In a prospective longitudinal study the development of N = 362 children will be followed over four time points (T1-T4) from birth to school age utilizing a comprehensive battery of instruments. Aims of the study are the description of the developmental course of children born at differing degrees of biological and psychosocial risk, the identification of early predictors of developmental disorders and their compensation, as well as the analysis of the processes and mechanisms underlying differential developmental patterns. The results of waves 1 and 2 show that early development from 3 to 24 months is quite unstable. Depending on the examined domain of development up to 3/4 of the disturbances of infancy have remitted by the later age, whereas nearly a fifth of the hitherto well children developed new disturbances. Both risks have a marked negative effect on development. While biological risks go hand in hand with impaired motor functioning, psychosocial risks adversely affect cognitive and social-emotional competence. However, the relative weight of risk factors changes during the first two years with biological risks becoming less important and psychosocial risk factors gaining influence. Single risk factors identified as being prognostically very unfavourable are very low birth weight and neonatal seizures. Of the psychosocial risks a pattern of unfavourable family characteristics such as low educational level, history of broken home or mental health problems of parents and chronic difficulties is related most strongly to poor outcome.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1992

Marital discord and early child development.

As part of a prospective study on the neuropsychiatric development of children born at varying degrees of organic and psychosocial risk, the effect of marital discord on the cognitive and social-emotional development of 315 first-born children into two parent households was investigated. Both the children and the quality of the parental relationship were evaluated when the children were 3 months and 2 years of age. The findings show that marital discord at 3 months does not affect child performance at 3 months, or at 24 months. Marital discord at 2 years does affect the emotional well-being of the 2 year olds, i.e. it is accompanied by a significant rise in psychopathological symptoms. When the effect of the stability of marital strife from the first assessment to the second was studied, a significant increase of behaviour problems and decrease in cognitive performance was found in the group of children whose parents' marital situation had deteriorated and failed in the meantime but surprisingly not in the group with chronic discordant relationships. Conversely, poor child performance and emotional adjustment improved with a positive change in the parental relationships. Analysis shows that negative marital change goes hand in hand with a decrease in parenting skills which affect children more adversely than their counterparts whose parents had a history of marriage and child-rearing problems. Further study of the course of marital relationships and child development at the next research waves (4.5 and 8 years) will show which results are of long-term versus short-term relevance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Prevalence and follow-up of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Results of a prospective epidemiologic longitudinal study from ages 8-18 years].

In a prospective longitudinal epidemiological study with assessments at age 8, 13 and 18 the prevalence rate for psychiatric disorders remained constant at about 16%. The sex ratio for severe disorders was male dominated even in adolescence, which was a consequence of the high rate of unsocialized disturbances of conduct in boys. Persistence of psychiatric disorders between age 13 and 18 was about 50%, as had previously been the case between age 8 and 13. One child in four suffered from a psychiatric disorder for at least 10 years. In childhood, conduct disorders had a very poor prognosis and emotional disorders a very good one. In adolescence, the course of disorders depended on an interaction between diagnosis and gender. Boys with unsocialized disturbances and girls with emotional problems had a poor prognosis.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of life change events on cognitive and socio-emotional development in early childhood].

The present study investigates the role of life events of differing durations in the cognitive and social-emotional development of infants. A total of 354 children were examined at the ages of 3 and 24 months and the children's parents were interviewed about the occurrence of live events in this interval. The total number of life events was a significant predictor of changes in the level of cognitive and social-emotional functioning. Changes in the caregiver and marital discord were the best predictors of a child's social-emotional development, and serious illness in the child and changes in the caregiver were the best predictors of a child's cognitive development.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[Behavioral disorders in infants and young children: a contribution to psychopathology of early childhood].

In a study on the psychological development of children born at biological and psychosocial risk adverse temperamental characteristics and psychopathological symptoms of 362 children were determined at the ages of 3 and 24 months. Adverse temperamental characteristics were measured with the help of behavioral observations in standardized situations. Symptoms were assessed in a highly structured parent interview. The results showed a higher-than-average rate of disturbed children, which increased from 15.5% at the age of 3 months to 19.5% at two years. Hyperkinesis was the most prevalent disturbance. Whereas no sex effect was found among infants, the 2-year-old boys manifested more symptoms and had more adverse temperamental characteristics than the 2-year-old girl. Sex differences in symptom patterns were similar to those seen in later childhood. The course of early disturbances was characterized by low persistence and stability. Four fifths of all infant disturbances had remitted by the age of two years. A small number of early problems (i.e. eating disorders) turned out to be predictive of later disorders.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1992

[Marital disharmony of the parents and child development in infancy and early childhood].

As part of a prospective study currently being conducted in the Mannheim-Heidelberg region of Germany on the neuropsychiatric development of 362 children born at varying degrees of organic and psychosocial risk, the effect of marital discord on the cognitive and social-emotional development of 315 children born into two-parent households was investigated. Both the children and the quality of the parental relationship were evaluated when the children were 3 months and two-years of age. Assessment of the children included performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, observed and reported temperament characteristics and measures of infant and child psychopathology. Evaluation of the relationship was based on pertinent information provided by the parents about their marriage within a standardized interviews as well as on the basis of a questionnaire. Results show that marital discord at 3 months does not effect child performance at 3 months, nor at 24 months. Marital discord at 2 years does affect the emotional well-being of the two-year-old i.e. is accompanied by a significant rise in psychopathological symptoms. When the effect of the stability of marital strife from the first assessment to the second was studied a significant increase in behavior problems and decrease in Bayley performance was found in the group of children whose parents' marital situation had deteriorated and failed in the meantime but surprisingly not in the group with chronic discordant relationships. Conversely, poor child performance and emotional adjustment improved with a positive change in the parental relationships. An increase, although not significant, was also found among the children whose parents' marriage had deteriorated but had not lead to separation.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1979

[Audiological findings in cases of acoustic neuromas, cerebellopontine angle and brain tumors (author's transl)].

The study contributes to improve, audiological diagnostics of central auditory path lesions and attempts, through the comparison of audiological and neurosurgical findings of 15 patients, to refer certain auditory lesions caused by cerebral tumors to topodiagnostically characteristic audiological symptoms. The audiological findings obtained through 7 generally accepted test methods from 6 patients with an acusticus neurinoma indicate a labyrinthine but not a central symptomatic picture while 4 patients with a pontine-angle tumor present a chiefly central hearing defect which, as regards the constellation of findings, clearly differs from the central hearing defect of 3 patients with a pontine tumor. Two patients with tumors in the lateral ventricle area merely show, from the audiological point of view, a lack of contralateral dichotic discrimination.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1979

Antiphytoviral activity of 2,4 dioxo hexahydro triazine.

Three treatments with 2,4 dioxo hexahydro triazine (DHT) significantly reduced the concentration of potato virus X (PVX) in systemically infected tobacco plants. In hypersensitive plants DHT caused a reduction in the number of local lesions produced by PVX. In systemic and hypersensitive hosts, treatment with DHT resulted in a more or less marked reduction in the concentration of, and in the number of local lesions caused by, potato virus Y (PVY), potato virus A (PVA), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Three days after treatment with DHT the incorporation of 32P into TMV RNA was significantly reduced, while that into host RNA was less affected.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1979

[Dioxohexahydrotriazine, a new synthetic antiphytoviral compound (author's transl)].

This paper reports the first results of studies made to determine the antiviral activity of dioxo hexahydro triazine, a newly developed antiphytoviral compound. After treatment with dioxo hexahydro triazine, the concentration of helical potato virus X in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum "Samsun" was found to be considerably reduced in both the serological test and local lesion test conducted on Nicotiana glutinosa at temperatures of 14 degrees C +/- 3 degrees C. In secondarily infected leaves, the reduction of the concentration of potato virus X in the range of from 1 mol/l to 10(-3) mol/l was so that it was no longer possible for viruses to be detected serologically. In vitro, however, dioxo hexahydro triazine, which was added to the inoculum, did not produce a significant change in the activity of the virion of potato virus X. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that dioxo hexahydro triazine tends to affect replication steps of viruses. The use of dioxo hexahydro triazine also had the effect of greatly and highly significantly reducing the concentration of the isodiametric cucumber mosaic virus.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Decompression technique for ileus: emptying of the intestine with the fingers (author's transl)].

Intestinal obstruction and distension with stasis of the intestinal contents have to be dealt with simultaneously. Opening of the small intestine for aspiration may cause infection and is not necessary. Aspiration via a Miller-Abbot tube is complicated and time consuming. Beginning at the proximal end of the jejunum the contents of the small intestine can be emptied without risk into the stomach by digital pressure. The contaminated intestinal contents can be aspirated via a gastric tube, relieving distension and restoring intestinal circulation and motility. The simplicity of this method, its immediate effect, and its lack of complications are evident.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Surgical procedure in acute variceal hemorrhage (author's transl)].

The author recommends various general rules to be observed in the surgical treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage: 1. attempts to arrest the hemorrhage by conservative means are always justified in the case of variceal bleeding, but should be comprehensive, and both patient and staff should first be prepared for surgery in case it should become necessary: 2. if when the GI tract is free of blood the indications for surgery are found to be present, a shunt should be constructed at once (Crile's stage A); 3. if hemorrhage starts again after carefully monitored release of the ballons of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, conservative measures should be carefully applied again at once. If an experienced endoscopist is available, paravariceal sclerosing injections should be given at this point. Otherwise a shunt operation is indicated (Crile's stage B). In patients in whom liver tolerance is poor (Crile's stage C), transhoracic dissection of the esophageal varices is indicated as the only possible, definitive treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Therapeutic results in the treatment of otitis media in children with and without cleft palate (author's transl)].

Therapeutic results in the treatment of secretory otitis media were compared in children with and without cleft palate. The children were treated by the implantation of a ventilation tube. Pre- and postoperative data of a total of 551 patients were evaluated by a computer system. Following results were obtained: 1. Severity of change in the mean air-bone gap in patients with and without cleft palate was nearly the same. 2. The men airbone gap in both series after treatment showed no significant difference. 3. After evaluating impedance measurements, children without cleft palate showed a slight improvement of pressure patterns in the middle ear, on the contrary, children with cleft palate showed a significant pressure decrease. --Because of deterioration of pressure pattern in children with cleft palate, in spite of intensive treatment, implantation of a ventilatory tube for a longer period is necessary.

Child↗
PubMed1976

[Liver resection under occlusion of hepato-duodenal ligaments. Renunciation of a textbook opinion].

The belief that the hepatoduodenal ligament should only be clamped for 5-10 min, then the clamp released for a shorter or longer period, can no longer be upheld. The author's clinical investigations have shown that continous clamping up to 20 min can be tolerated by the liver without adverse effect. The authors consider a clamping time of 30-40 min tolerable particularly if the liver is cooled by pouring cold Ringer's solution over it. In one case, splenic capsule rupture was a complication of clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament.

Duodenum↗
PubMed1975

[Portal shunt operations. A critical observation on the selection of shunt methods].

In prehepatic block the method of operation is dependent on the anatomical and pathological condition of the blood vessels in the portal system. The choice of the shunt method has significant importance for the further progress of the disease and the social reintegration of the liver cirrhotic patients. Here, special attention should be given to possible postoperative hepatoportal encephalopathies. Portal hypertension is completely averted by direct portacaval anastomosis. It has a low risk but a relatively high incidence of postoperative encephalopathy. The lateral splenorenal shunt has a higher rate of recurrent bleeding but lower lethality, a higher long term survivalrate and a smaller number of encephalopathies. The coronariocaval anastomosis showed specially good results. This method is however only practicable in cases with extremely dilated coronaric ventricular veins. In the prevention of postoperative encephalopathies the central splenorenal anastomosis by Warren, Zeppa and Fomon has proved most effective. Modifications in method, especially the approach through the bursa omentalis and omission of the ligatur of the coronaric vein permits a significant decrease in the inherent surgical lethality. The pressure adapted arterialisation of the portal stump in portacaval shunt with iliacoportal bypass with saphenous vein interposition, as evolved by Matzander, seems to cause a significant decrease in the rate of postoperative encephalopathies after portacaval anastomosis. The prevention of postoperative encephalopathy is still the main problem of the technically perfected shunt operations. Solving this problem requires further investigation and research.

Child, Preschool↗