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Biomedical subjects

G F Gates

Publications and source records attributed to G F Gates.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Assessment of cerebral perfusion in childhood strokes.

Thirty-three children who had strokes were studied by dynamic and static scintigraphy, 29 by CT scanning, and 10 by cerebral angiography. The accuracy of dynamic scintigraphy in stroke detection during the first week of clinical symptoms was 94% while CT scanning was 60% accurate and static scintigraphy 11% accurate. During the second week the accuracy of CT scanning increased to 100%, but static scintigraphy improved to only 50%. Fifty percent of scintiangiograms performed during the first week showed either luxuriant perfusion or flip-flop patterns. In some patients these two flow patterns changed to that of cerebral hemispheric ischemia after going through a phase during which perfusion appeared to be equal in the two hemispheres. Dynamic scintigraphy is believed to be the test of choice for stroke detection in children during the first week.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Glomerular filtration rate: estimation from fractional renal accumulation of 99mTc-DTPA (stannous).

99mTc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (stannous) is cleared from the blood by glomerular filtration. However, calculation of the glomerular filtration rate has required analysis of serial blood samples drawn over intervals of several hours in order to determine the radionuclide clearance rate. This lengthy procedure can be circumvented by the direct scintigraphic determination of fractional radionuclide accumulation within each kidney, occurring at a specified time interval after radionuclide administration. This value has been correlated with 24 hr creatinine clearance values in a group of hospitalized patients. From these data, a formula was derived allowing for estimation of total glomerular filtration rate, as well as individually for each kidney, without requiring blood samples. This procedure needs only 6 min of patient time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Necrosis of Wilms tumors.

Gray scale ultrasonography, arteriography and excretory urography were done in 17 children with Wilms tumor. The results of these studies were correlated with the pathological specimen. At the time of operation 71 per cent of the tumors were necrotic. Ultrasonography predicted correctly the internal consistency of Wilms tumors in 94 per cent of the cases, while arteriography was 64 per cent and excretory urography was 41 per cent accurate. This information regarding neoplastic degeneration added to the completeness of the radiographic examination and forewarned the surgeon of a potentially difficult resection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cholestatic syndromes in infancy and childhood.

Of 33 children with various cholestatic syndromes who were studies with sonography, 19 also had 131I rose bengal scintigraphy, and 12 also had 99mTc sulfur colloid scintigraphy. Patients were categorized into intra- or extrahepatic etiologies for their cholestasis. Of 19 children in the extrahepatic category, 17 had abnormal sonographic studies; two with biliary atresia appeared normal. All 14 patients in the intrahepatic category had normal sonographic studies. Rose bengal was most useful when demonstrating biliary patency. Some cases of biliary atresia with normal sonography and lack of rose bengal excretion into the intestinal tract could not be separated from cases of neonatal hepatitis using a similar combination of studies. Radiocolloid studies were less valuable than other examinations except when demonstrating diffuse hepatic reticuloendothelial dysfunction as found in two cases of congenital syphilitic hepatitis.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonography of the urinary tract in children.

The various urologic abnormalities for which ultrasonography can be a valuable diagnostic tool are discussed, including renal masses, nonfunction of the kidney, and abnormalities of the lower urinary tract. Ultrasonography is a useful adjunct to radionuclide imaging, intravenous urography, and renl angiography, and is particularly well suited for the pediatric population.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1979

Radiography of glycogen storage diseases.

Sixty-three patients with glycogen storage disease were evaluated. Findings on plain film examinations, excretory urography, barium gastrointestinal studies, ultrasonography, and angiography were categorized by type of glycogen storage disease. In type I findings include hepatomegaly with hepatic dysfunction, renomegaly with an increased incidence of renal calculi, and osteopenia with various associated osseous abnormalities. These changes were less pronounced in types III, IV, and VI. Type II displayed either cardiac or skeletal muscle glycogen deposition. Correlation with postmortem examination in 14 individuals is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The gallium "bone scan" in acute leukemia.

A 15-year-old boy with acute leukemia had a gallium-67 scan that was virtually identical to his technetium-99m pyrophosphate bone scan, except for lack of renal visualization. The quality of the radiopharmaceutical was assured by the normal appearance of gallium scan performed in another patient on the same day and with the same radionuclide batch. This extensive osseous uptake was probably due to bone-marrow replacement by leukemia cells and is a pattern that should be recognized as indicating a diffuse marrow-infiltrating disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Scintiangiography of hepatic masses in childhood.

Forty-three children with intrahepatic masses had technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid hepatic scintigrams including scintiangiography. Hypervascularity occurred in nearly one third of the masses, but was limited to children with primary liver tumors including hepatomas, hepatoblastomas, hepatic adenomas, and cavernous hemangiomas. All metastases, abscesses, and hematomas were hypovascular. Routine inclusion of scintiangiography may allow separation of primary hypervascular liver tumors from other hypovascular masses whose static hepatic scintigrams are virtually identical.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Congenital syphilitic hepatitis: a radionuclide study.

A two-month-old girl with congenital syphilitic hepatitis had bizarre liver scintigraphic features showing diminished hepatic uptake of radiocolloid with accentuated pulmonary and bone marrow accumulation. These features were reversible following penicillin therapy and to our knowledge are previously undescribed manifestations of this multisystemic disease.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Renovascular hypertension in children and adolescents.

Renovascular disease often leads to hypertension in children. The most frequent cause is fibromuscular dysplasia of focal type affecting main and peripheral arteries. Diastolic readings in excess of 110 mm Hg with normal serum creatinine and urinalysis are suggestive of renovascular disease. Excretory urography was positive in 65% of patients with unilateral disease. Radionuclide scans complement a positive excretory urogram but may be positive when the urogram is negative. Plasma renin activity was raised in the majority of patients; if the patient does not have peripheral branch stenosis, the renal vein renin ratio will lateralize in unilateral renal disease. The overall results of surgery are encouraging: 86% of surgical procedures alleviated hypertension in unilateral disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Assessment of radionuclide angiocardiograms using color/time images.

Color images obtained directly from the CRT display of a digital computer were used to assess the passage of radionuclides through the heart. Following separation of the right and left heart images, the former was recorded as blue and the latter as red, after which a composite image of the entire heart was generated. A cardiac chamber or greater vessel may be filled during both color/time phases if an intracardiac shunt is present. On the composite image, these overlapping areas appear as either the complementary color or white.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Echocardiography and perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula.

The echocardiographic and perfusion scintigraphic evaluation of an adolescent boy with a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is reported. Contrast echocardiography following the rapid intravenous injection of indocyanine green dye was utilized to document extracardiac right-to-left shunting. Perfusion lung scintigraphy demonstrated the presence of a single large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Contrast echocardiography and perfusion scintigraphy are minimally invasive, safe and easily performed techniques for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Scintigraphic abnormalities in glycogen storage disease.

Fifteen patients with glycogen-storage disease type 1 (von Gierke's disease) were evaluated by serial scintigraphy, with a clearly recognizable pattern of an enlarged liver with diminished radionuclide accumulation, splenomegaly with considerably increased uptake and renomegaly. In seven of these patients with GSD-1 scintigraphy demonstrated focal defects of varying size. Small or stable defects suggest benign hepatic adenomata, whereas malignant change occurred in growing large lesions. The potential malignant end-point of hepatic-cell carcinoma in GSD-1 warrants careful serial liver scintigraphy with scintiangiography on a routine basis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Scintigraphic detection of congenital intracranial vascular malformations.

Nine children with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and a tenth with a cerebral aneurysm, had computer-processed dynamic scintigraphy with static scintigrams, transmission computed tomography (CT) both with and without contrast injection, and radiopaque cerebral angiography. All ten lesions were detected by dynamic scintigraphy and angiography, whereas two AVMs were missed on CT scans and the aneurysm and two AVMs (one missed by CT) were not identified on static scintigrams. Time-activity curves generated from regions of interest placed over the cerebral hemispheres, AVMs and/or various venous structures permitted, respectively, estimation of interhemispheric partition of perfusion, estimation of the fraction of total cerebral hemispheric perfusion preferentially directed into a malformation, and indication of the route of venous drainage from the lesions. While dynamic scintigraphy and CT scanning both identified the aneurysm, scintigraphy was the most effective screening test for detecting AVMs owing to its accuracy, lower cost, and lack of required anesthesia, heavy sedation or iodinated contrast agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Scintigraphy of sacroiliac pyarthrosis in children.

Eight children with low back, hip, or lower limb pain who were subsequently shown to have pyogenic infections of their sacroiliac joints were examined by a combination of plain roentgenography and radionuclide bone scintigraphy. In all cases, the scintigraphic examination was diagnostic, while the roentgenograms were initially abnormal in only two cases. In the other six cases, one to six weeks passed before changes compatible with sacroiliac pyarthrosis were seen on roentgenographic examination. Radionuclide scintigraphy is recommended as part of the initial workup of children with appropriate symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The radiological investigation of hepatic tumors in childhood.

In hepatic tumors seen in children, treatment and prognosis differ from tumor to tumor and thus accurate determination of their extent and characteristics is important. Evaluation by gray scale ultrasonography, radionuclide imaging and angiography has produced definable characteristics for the various tumor types and often allows distinction from other intrahepatic processes. In addition, chemotherapeutic treatment of initially unresectable malignant hepatic tumors can be followed by nuclear imaging, ultrasound and angiography to determine therapeutic response.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Combined radionuclide and ultrasonic assessment of upper abdominal masses in children.

Two young adults and 22 children with upper abdominal masses were evaluated by hepatic scintigraphy and gray scale ultrasonography. Abnormal static scintigrams were subdivided into two groups on the basis of tumor vascularity as shown on the initial dynamic portion of the study. Ultrasonic evaluation resulted in four categories: uniformly densely reflective, densely reflective with internal sonolucencies, poorly reflective with some internal components, and sonolucent. Images of liver perfusion and radionuclide accumulation (scintigraphy) plus images of internal architecture (ultrasonography) allow accurate assessment of intra- or juxtahepatic masses. The combined information was more useful than that from either study alone.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗