Oesophageal cancer--chemotherapy overview.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Biomedical subjects
G Falkson
Publications and source records attributed to G Falkson.
Nasally administered buserelin inducing complete remission of lung metastases in male breast cancer.
A 60-year-old man with bilateral lung metastases from breast cancer was treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, buserelin, given as an intranasal spray. Androgen deprivation and complete remission of lung metastases were achieved with minimal side effects. Androgen deprivation by means of nasally administered buserelin offers an easy and efficient alternate approach in the treatment of metastatic male breast cancer.
Administration, Intranasal↗
Aspergillus brain abscess. A case report.
The history and findings in a patient with erythroleukaemia who developed a fungal brain abscess during the agranulocytic phase of induction treatment is reported. The radiological features of fungal infection are reported, with emphasis on the importance of clinical judgement in making the diagnosis. The autopsy findings further illustrate the increasing importance of this previously very rare condition.
Adult↗
Mitoxantrone in the treatment of acute leukemia.
Forty-six patients with acute leukemia were treated with mitoxantrone as a single agent. Twenty-nine patients had relapsed and/or refractory acute leukemia. Seventeen patients with acute non-lymphatic leukemia had received no prior treatment. Twelve mg/m2 of mitoxantrone was given intravenous on five consecutive days. Treatment related side effects included bone marrow suppression, mucositis, alopecia, nausea, vomiting and infection. Cardiotoxicity was documented in 7 patients. This study reconfirms that mitoxantrone is an active agent in acute leukemia with complete response documented in 10 of 29 patients with relapsed and/or refractory acute leukemia (34% response rate, 95% confidence limits 18-53%) and complete response documented in 11 of 17 patients (65% response rate, 95% confidence limits 38-87%) with previously untreated acute nonlymphatic leukemia.
Adolescent↗
Phase II evaluation of dibromodulcitol and actinomycin D, hydroxyurea, and cyclophosphamide in previously untreated patients with malignant melanoma.
In this Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) phase II study, dibromodulcitol (DBD) and a combination of actinomycin D, hydroxyurea, and cyclophosphamide (AHC) were compared with methyl-CCNU, the current ECOG standard, in patients who had received no prior chemotherapy for disseminated malignant melanoma. The response rates were 6% (3/50) for AHC, 9% (3/34) for DBD, and 14% (7/49) for methyl-CCNU. Median survival times were 4, 5, and 6 months, respectively. Neither regimen appears to offer any advantage over methyl-CCNU as front-line therapy for patients with disseminated melanoma.
Adolescent↗
Abnormalities of chromosome 12p13 and malignant proliferation of eosinophils: a nonrandom association.
Four patients representing a spectrum of haematological malignancies are reported. Two patients had Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative disorders, one had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and one had eosinophilic leukaemia. In each case eosinophilia was present and demonstrated to be part of the malignancy by the association of clonally abnormal metaphases with eosinophil granules. Abnormalities involving the short arm of chromosome 12 (12p13) were a constant feature in all four cases and therefore a nonrandom association between this chromosome region and malignant eosinophil proliferation is proposed.
Acute Disease↗
Treatment of metastatic breast cancer in premenopausal women using CAF with or without oophorectomy: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study.
One hundred thirty-one premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer who had received no prior systemic treatment for metastases were entered on study. Patients without prior chemotherapy with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-unknown disease were randomized to receive cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) or surgical oophorectomy followed directly by CAF (O + CAF). ER-negative patients without prior chemotherapy were directly assigned to treatment with CAF. Among randomized patients 83% have responded, and 37% have achieved a complete remission. Among ER-negative patients the complete response rate was 38%, and the complete plus partial response rate was 70%. Characteristics significantly associated with a longer time to treatment failure were age 45 or over, one or two organ sites, and performance status O. The median survival time of ER-positive patients treated with CAF is 29 months, and with O + CAF it has not yet been reached, whereas for ER-unknown patients the equivalent survival times are 41 months and 43 months respectively. For ER-negative patients treated with CAF the median survival time is 17 months. Characteristics associated with significantly longer survival among randomized patients were age 35 or over (P = .009) and only one or two organ sites involved (P = .02). Neither treatment (P = .33) nor ER status (P = .70) was significant.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Intranasal buserelin in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: a phase II trial.
Thirty-five patients with advanced prostatic cancer were entered in a trial of nasally administered gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue agonist (GnRHA) buserelin. Four patients were unevaluable for response and toxicity. Twenty-five patients responded to treatment, two with complete remissions, 12 with partial remissions, and 11 who improved. The median baseline value for testosterone was 14.4 nmol/L. After 1 week of treatment, the median value was 10.8 nmol/L, while after 1 month the median value had decreased to 1.1 nmol/L (normal, 10.0 to 34.7). It is concluded that intranasal buserelin is an effective, simple, and safe method to achieve androgen deprivation in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer and is an alternative to orchiectomy and more acceptable than daily subcutaneous injections.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Phase II trial of acivicin in malignant mesothelioma.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Actual versus ideal weight in the calculation of surface area: effects on dose of 11 chemotherapy agents.
This study of 2382 breast, 182 rectal, 817 colon, and 351 lung cancer patients treated with combination chemotherapy on eight phase III Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group protocols indicates that 69% would receive a higher dose of at least one drug if surface area were calculated from actual weight rather than from the minimum of actual and ideal weight. Forty-eight percent of the patients would have at least a 10% increase in drug dose based on actual weight. Only on the premenopausal adjuvant breast cancer protocol and among women on the rectal adjuvant study do the differences in dose based on actual rather than ideal weight increase significantly with age. On the postmenopausal adjuvant breast study and on the lung cancer study, the differences in dose decrease significantly with age. For all age decades and both sexes within each protocol, the mean differences between dose based on actual and dose based on ideal weights were on the same order as the rounding factors for the 11 drugs studied. From the literature on the effect of doses of common chemotherapies on leukopenia, it appears that the percent of hematologic toxicity would not be raised to unacceptable levels by using actual weight to set doses.
Adult↗
Prognostic factors in patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung.
Fifty-two patients with histologically confirmed small-cell carcinoma of the lung, 15 with disease localized to one hemithorax and 37 with extensive metastases, were studied. Only patients whose general condition was considered good enough to tolerate intensive combination chemotherapy were included in this study. The median survival time of these patients was 33 weeks (range 7-192 weeks) with a mean survival time of 43 weeks. Patients who responded with objective tumour improvement within 6 weeks had a median survival time of 39 weeks. Those showing disease stabilization at 6 weeks had a median survival time of 35 weeks while those having disease progression at this time had a median survival of 22 weeks. Patients without liver involvement and a normal serum albumin level at the start of treatment had statistically superior survival times.
Adult↗
Granulocytic sarcoma of the kidney in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia. A case report.
A 26-year-old man with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia had been in remission for 16 months when he developed a painful swelling of the right testis. Intravenous pyelography showed a non-functioning right kidney. Surgical exploration revealed a granulocytic sarcoma of the right kidney and a right nephrectomy was performed. The patient refused further treatment and relapsed 3 months after the nephrectomy. Autopsy revealed a large greyish-white tumour mass occupying the pelvis and retroperitoneal tissue. Special techniques with immunoperoxidase and naphthol-ASD chloro-acetate esterase staining confirmed the histological diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. The literature is reviewed and the rarity of this case is discussed.
Abdominal Neoplasms↗
[The treatment of cancer patients].
Advances in the field of medical oncology were spurred by the development of cytostatic drugs, and cancer is today one of the most treatable (and most curable) of the chronic diseases. Because of the diversity of neoplastic diseases, classification, staging and the important individual patient discriminants must be taken into account more than ever before because of the availability of drugs that can cure or palliate many forms of cancer. The results obtained in advanced disease acted as an impetus to start chemotherapy at an earlier stage. In highly malignant neoplasms and especially in children with cancer, drug treatment has become of increasing importance, and when given appropriately complements surgery and radiotherapy.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
[Prognostic parameters in patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
Ninety-five patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied to evaluate parameters affecting their survival. The median survival time was 52 months (range 3-107 months). The log-rank test was used to analyse the data. Favourable parameters that significantly influenced actuarial survival were nodular histology (P = 0.01), age less than 50 years (P = 0.002), good performance status (P = 0.006), and normal serum lactate dehydrogenase, SGOT and alkaline phosphatase levels. The absence of systemic symptoms, namely weight loss in excess of 10%, fever or night sweats, had less prognostic implication. Sex and stage (III or IV) did not significantly affect survival.
Adolescent↗
Value of steroid hormone receptor analysis in predicting time to treatment failure in operable breast cancer.
An analysis of prognostic factors for predicting time to treatment failure (TTF) was performed on 246 patients who were referred for adjuvant chemotherapy after mastectomy. Oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) analyses were carried out on 172 and 102 patients respectively. Prognostic factors predicting for TTF were, in decreasing order of significance: nodal status, tumour size, ER status and age of the patient. Comparison of TTF for ER+ and ER- (without categories of other prognostic factors) showed that ER status is prognostic irrespective of nodal status. ER is prognostically significant within both categories of PgR. PgR predicted significantly for TTF only in patients without nodal involvement.
Adult↗
Hepatitis-B as a prognostic discriminant in patients with primary liver cancer.
The prognostic significance of positive serologic determination of hepatitis-B was investigated in 137 patients with primary liver cancer seen over a 6-year period in Pretoria. The median survival time of the 137 patients was 93 days. Patients who were anicteric had a longer survival. Patients who showed positive results for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) had a median survival time of 135 days, (39 patients) whereas patients who were HBsAg-negative had a median survival time of 96 days (66 patients). In 57 patients, one or more of the serologic determinations, HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBe, and/or anti-HBc, were positive. Their median survival was 118 days. When HBsAg positivity (or negativity) is corrected for bilirubin, the median survival time remains a function of the bilirubin.
Adult↗
A phase I/II investigation of trioxifene mesylate in advanced breast cancer. Clinical and endocrinologic effects.
Tamoxifen and trioxifene are antiestrogens that appear to have different endocrine effects when tested in rats. Whereas tamoxifen has considerable clinical activity, trioxifene is a new antiestrogen with undefined clinical activity. Thirty-six patients were treated with graded doses of trioxifene. The low-dose group (0.5 to 12 mg/m2 twice daily) had a 21% response rate in 24 subjects, and the high-dose group (40 to 100 mg/m2 twice daily) had a 33% response rate in 12 patients (P = 0.13). The time to treatment failure was 67 days and 178 days for the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. Toxicities were non-dose dependent; those of moderate frequency included leukopenia (41%) and nausea (31%). Tamoxifen reduced both prolactin and inducible growth hormone (GH). Trioxifene, although reducing prolactin, differed from tamoxifen in that an increase in inducible GH occurred. Furthermore, a striking dose-dependent decrease in luteinizing hormone and lesser decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone occurred only in the trioxifene-treated patients. This implies an intrinsic estrogenic action of trioxifene in man. Trioxifene is no more efficacious than tamoxifen and has more toxicity.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Application and results of different chemotherapy regimens in primary liver malignancies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Antineoplastic Agents↗