Biomedical subjects
G Fodor
Publications and source records attributed to G Fodor.
Prevention of fatal and nonfatal ischemic heart disease by early treatment of hypertension.
Between 1979 and 1984 two major hypertension intervention studies involving 14,000 patients have demonstrated convincing evidence for the effectiveness of blood pressure reduction on both primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. Previous treatment trials using insufficient numbers and shorter observation periods had produced inconclusive results as far as coronary heart disease is concerned. More recently, warnings have been voiced that untoward effects of diuretics on serum lipids might possibly harm the hypertensive patient because of transient slight increases of cholesterol levels. In this regard, two antihypertensive treatment studies, one lasting 5 years and the other 6 years, are reassuring as they provide unequivocal proof that there is no undesirable increase in lipid levels. The myocardium and its coronary arteries today appear as the major target organ among patients with untreated hypertension. 'Mild' blood pressure elevation is very frequent and, since poorly controlled hypertension was shown to contribute the largest number of cases of fatal and nonfatal ischemic heart disease, it is recommended that the present conservative therapeutic approach toward 'mild' hypertension should be re-evaluated.
[The beginning stages of Cushing's syndrome].
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Urolithiasis--a study of drinking water hardness and genetic factors.
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Tobacco use, occupation, coffee, various nutrients, and bladder cancer.
In a Canadian population-based case-control study of 480 males and 152 female case-control pairs, the relative risk for development of bladder cancer for ever used versus never used cigarettes was 3.9 for males and 2.4 for females, with a dose-response relationship in both sexes. A reduced risk was associated with the use of filter cigarettes compared to nonfilter cigarettes. After control for cigarette usage, a significant risk was noted for male pipe smokers. For male ex-smokers the risk after 15 years of no smoking was less than one-half that of current male smokers. Bladder cancer risk was found for workers in the chemical, rubber, photographic, petroleum, medical, and food processing industries among males and for workers occupationally exposed to dust or fumes among both sexes. Bladder cancer risk was elevated for males consuming all types of coffee, regular coffee, and instant coffee and for females consuming instant coffee, but no dose-response relationship was found. Risk was found for males consuming water from nonpublic supples but not for females. No risk was observed in males or females consuming nitrate-containing foods, beverages other than coffee, or fiddlehead greens. Hair dye usage in females and phenacetin usage in males and females carried no risk. Divergent findings by area for aspirin suggested that an overall association was not causal. Reevaluation of the data on artificial sweeteners confirmed a significant bladder cancer risk in males and a dose-response relationship. The cumulated population attributable risk for bladder cancer was 90% for males from cigarette smoking, industrial exposure, and exposure to nonpublic water supplies and 29% for females from cigarette smoking, industrial exposure, and instant coffee consumption.
[Intraventricular conduction disorders in hypertension].
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The search for new cancerostatic agents.
Following the lead given by Albert Szent-Györgyi's bioelectronic theory of cancer, work was continued in two major directions: (i) designing new electrophilic molecules, related to methylglyoxal, and (ii) using L-ascorbic acid as a (non-toxic) carrier for methylglyoxal and its derivatives in the form of its acetals. The vinylogue of methylglyoxal, 4-oxopent-2-enal, was expected to be a most reactive electron acceptor, on the basis of quantum mechanical calculations by J.J. Ladik's group. A new reaction, the formation of the ene-2, 3-diol acetal and hemiacetal-hemiketal, was found to occur with 'conjugated' aldehydes, such as methylglyoxal, glyoxal, phenylglyoxal, malealdehyde and acrylaldehyde; the reaction proceeded very smoothly with 4-oxopent-2-enal. The structural determination of these new types of acetals by 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy and by chemical methods is discussed.
Multi-channel commutator for recording biopotentials from small animals.
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Isolation of methylglyoxal from liver.
Acetaldehyde and methylglyoxal were shown to be present in liver bound to protein. They were isolated in the form of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and osazones, respectively. The NMR spectrum of pure methylglyoxal was recorded.
Drinking water hardness and urolithiasis.
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Artificial sweeteners and human bladder cancer.
A positive association between the use of artificial sweetners, particularly saccharin, and risk of bladder cancer in males has been observed in a case-control study of 480 men and 152 women in three Provinces in Canada. The risk ratio for ever versus never used is 1-6 for males (P=0-009, one-tailed test), and a significant dose-response relationship was obtained for both duration and frequency of use. The population attributable risk for males is estimated at 7%, though for diabetics, who have a similar risk ratio for artificial sweetner use as non-diabetics, the attributable risk is 33%.
Prepupal larval mosaics in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Common variable immunodeficiency, Hodgkin's disease, and other malignancies in a Newfoundland family.
A large inbred family is described in which there were seven cases of Hodgkin's disease, three of lymphosarcoma, two of thymoma, two of common variable immunodeficiency, and single cases of retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. There have been no other lymphoma cases in the community during the past decade. Further study of this family may help to define the genetic basis for development of Hodgkin's disease and other disorders.
Technique for determining the bactericidal effect of drug combinations.
Two paper strips, each containing different antimicrobial agents, were placed on plates on Mueller-Hinton agar to permit antibiotic to enter the agar. A filter membrane was placed on this plate, and the microorganisms were planted on the membrane. After 6 h of incubation at 37 C, the membrane was transferred to antibiotic-free Mueller-Hinton agar containing triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride and incubated for 18 h at 37 C. Specific growth patterns were indicative of additive (indifferent), synergistic, or antagonistic effects of the drug combination used. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole proved to act synergistically against 85% of Escherichia coli, 86% of Klebsiella, and 89% of Proteus mirabilis strains tested. A few strains resistant to either drug were susceptible to their combination. The technique was useful against organisms with widely differing susceptibilities to the two antimicrobial agents tested.
[Optical rotation and conformation. VI. N.M.R. spectra and conformation of some stereoisomeric 2.3-disubstituted morpholines and 5-oxomorpholines].
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Novel method of configurational correlation: (+)-sedridine and S-(+)-octan-2-ol.
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Ketone aldehydes in animal tissues.
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