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Biomedical subjects

G Frösner

Publications and source records attributed to G Frösner.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Hepatitis types A, B, and non A--non B in childhood.

199 children with acute hepatitis hospitalized between 1968 and 1978 were tested for serological markers of hepatitis A and B infection. In 24 out of 28 HBsAg-positive patients, hepatitis B infection was diagnosed because of the disappearance of the antigen during convalescence. The histories of the 171 HBsAg-negative children suggested acute hepatitis A infection in 69% of the patients. This diagnosis could be confirmed in 110 of the 116 tested cases (95%) by a more than fourfold increase in the anti-HAV titer or by detection of anti-HAV of the IgM class. In the 55 HBsAg-negative patients without epidemiological clues as to the type of hepatitis, 40 children exhibited anti-HAV which could be related to acute A infection in 21 out of 22 tested cases. At least 11 patients had to be classified as having nonn A--non B infection. The results indicate that a combination of evaluation of the patient's history and selected serological tests will permit a fast preliminary diagnosis. This is important in the clinical management of patients and protection of contacts with immunoglobulin.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Serologic studies of transmission of hepatitis A in humans.

In 1968, studies of infectious hepatitis in volunteers were reported. Immunologic procedures for serologic study of the hepatitis A virus were not available at that time, and only the clinical and biochemical parameters of the disease were reported. Serial serum specimens from the participants in the study were retained; these specimens had been taken before inoculation and up to more than 100 days after inoculation. When a radioimmune assay for antibody to hepatitis A virus was developed, the series of sera was analyzed retrospectively. Forty-four male volunteers were involved in a series of three studies. Twenty (46%) of the volunteers were found to be initially immune to hepatitis A virus. Eighteen susceptible volunteers (with no preexisting antibody) were challenged with infectious virus. Eight of these volunteers developed clinical hepatitis and seroconverted; one seroconverted without evidence of clinical disease; and nine neither seroconverted nor had evidence of clinical disease. The radioimmune assay provided a method for diagnosis of immune status and of the acute disease caused by hepatitis A virus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Determination of HBeAg by radioimmunoassay: prognostic implications in hepatitis B.

A radioimmunoassay was used to determine the presence of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe in the serum of 12 hepatitis B patients, who were follofed from an early phase of the illness into convalescence. The duration of detectable HBeAg in serum from these patients, in all ow whom the disease ran a normal course, was compared with the persistence of HBeAg in serum of nine patients with a protracted course and persistence of HBsAg in serum for more than 1 year. None of the hepatitis B patients with a normal course of the disease had HBeAg demonstrable for more than 9 weeks after the onset of illness (mean 5.4 weeks), whereas all patients developing chronic hepatitis had HBeAg in serum for more than 1 year after the onset of illness. These findings indicate that the detection of HBeAg in serum by radioimmunoassay for 10 weeks or more after the onset of illness implies a great risk of progression of the hepatitis B infection to chronic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Clinical, epidemiological and prognostic aspects of hepatitis "non-A, non-B"--a comparison with hepatitis A and B.

Sera of 480 hospitalized hepatitis patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and anti-HAV of IgM-class. Serological markers indicating hepatitis A infection were found in 107 (22.3%) and markers indicating hepatitis B in 297 patients (61.9%), while 63 patients (13.1%) were classified as hepatitis type "non-A, non-B". The latter group mainly comprised drug addicts (50.8%), cases of post-transfusion hepatitis (11.1%) and patients without obvious hepatitis exposure (28.6%). In spite of these epidemiological similarities to hepatitis B, the maximum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin were comparable to those in patients with hepatitis A and significantly lower than in hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis developed in 7.1% of the "non-A, non-B" patients, a figure close to that reported for hepatitis B.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence of hepatitis A and B infections in multiply transfused thalassaemic patients.

Evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections was south in 148 multiply transfused patients with thalassaemia and in healthy controls (2040 for HBV and 217 for HAV). The prevalence of the HBV surface antigen or antibody to it was significantly higher in patients than in controls and increased with the number of blood transfusions. In contrast, the prevalence of antibody to HAV was significantly lower in patients than in controls and decreased with the number of blood transfusions. These results support the view that blood transfusion does not play any appreciable part in transmitting HAV. Indeed, regular blood transfusion, where donors almost all have HAV antibody, seems to give protection against infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Tourist hepatitis, antibodies to hepatitis A virus and immune serum globulin prophylaxis.

Immune serum globulin prophylaxis for foreign travellers should be reserved for those at high risk having no immunity against hepatitis A. In this study from Sweden the incidence of tourist hepatitis in different age groups was correlated to the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) in the population. 58% of individuals over 50 years had anti-HAV and travellers in these ages seldom experienced "tourist hepatitis". In younger age groups a low prevalence of anti-HAV (11%) was combined with a higher incidence of tourist hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Decrease in incidence of hepatitis A infections in Germany.

The hypothesis of a decline in the incidence of hepatitis A infections in Germany in recent decades was confirmed by determining the prevalence of hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) in sera collected in 1965 and in 1975 under the same conditions in North Germany. The prevalence of anti-HAV correlated with the year of birth and was independent of the time of serum sampling. The force of infection fell from 0.04 in 1945 to 0.005 in 1965 as judged from a catalytic epidemic model with a sigmoidal decrease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Serologic markers of hepatitis A and B in chronic active hepatitis.

Sera from 44 patients with a well-documented diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were analysed for antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs, e-antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe, as well as antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Twenty-two patients had serologic evidence of hepatitis A infection. The frequency of anti-HAV was low in patients under 50 years of age (21%) but high among older patients (72%). There was, however, no significant difference between patients and age-matched controls regarding the prevalence of anti-HAV in serum. Markers for hepatitis B virus were found in 10 patients or 23% as compared with about 10% in Swedish blood donors. The results indicate that hepatitis A virus is of little importance in the pathogenesis of CAH and confirm the association between hepatitis B virus and development of chronic active hepatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The epidemiological pattern of hepatitis A, B, and non-A, non-B in Sweden.

In a clinical series of 148 patients with acute hepatitis, serological analysis of hepatitis A and hepatitis B markers revealed 16% of the cases as hepatitis type non-A, non-b. Hepatitis A was diagnosed in 27% of the patients with drug addicts as the predominating category, while serological evidence of hepatitis B infection was found in 57%, again with drug addicts in the majority. Drug addicts also predominated among the non-A, non-B cases, and possibly this category of patients is today the main reservoir not only of hepatitis B but also of hepatitis A and non-A, non-B.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The changed epidemiology of hepatitis A infection in Scandinavia.

The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was studied in a Swedish city population. A great difference was observed in different age groups. Anti-HAV was not found in the serum of young individuals while the prevalence was high in older ages (87% in individuals 60 years or older). This pattern of hepatitis A exposure is quite different from that reported for instance from the Mediterranean area and may indicate a very low frequency of hepatitis A exposure in Scandinavia today. The high prevalence of anti-HAV in older Swedes possibly reflects hepatitis A exposure in childhood during World War I and II when hepatitis A was more common.

Adolescent↗