Biomedical subjects

G Franzén

Publications and source records attributed to G Franzén.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

[Allergic rhinitis. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, investigation and treatment].

The incidence of allergic rhinitis is increasing, as is our knowledge of its pathogenesis, epidemiologic factors and optimal therapeutic principles. This paper discusses various allergy promoting factors and gives a brief update on current immunological concepts of allergy. Recent achievements in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis are discussed, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.

Global Health↗

PubMed1997

Acoustic rhinometry in the evaluation of congenital choanal malformations.

Previous studies have shown that acoustic rhinometry (AR) is well suited to describe the nasal airway dimensions in healthy infants. The technique is quick to perform, non-invasive, without potential hazards and requires minimal cooperation. Due to the small dimensions of the infant nasal airways, the optimized miniprobe (Rhinometrics, Lynge, Denmark) provides abilities superior to those of adult probes. The equipment is portable and examinations can be performed in the maternity ward, out-patient department or at home. Measurements on models simulating the pre- and post-operative nasal geometry were performed to determine the accuracy and resolution of AR and to improve the interpretation of the curves obtained in vivo. Acoustic measurements in five infants with congenital respiratory distress caused by bilateral choanal atresia or stenosis have been compared with CT-scans and the results of the model simulations to evaluate the diagnostic value of the method. We conclude that AR represents a new and valuable tool in the diagnosis of congenital choanal malformations. Despite current technical limitations, it may also be of value in the post-operative evaluation, particularly if the posterior part of the septum is not resected.

Acoustics↗

PubMed1997

Ki-67 as a prognostic marker in adenoid cystic carcinoma assessed with the monoclonal antibody MIB1 in paraffin sections.

The monoclonal antibody MIB1 recognizing the Ki-67 antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was used to study the proliferative activity in 44 adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands. The antigen expression was compared with clinical factors, histopathological grading, and prognosis. The Ki-67 value was significantly higher in tumors from patients suffering from treatment failure than in nonfailures (P<0.001). The Ki-67 expression was also higher in tumors exhibiting areas more than 30% of the solid growth pattern and higher in sinonasal tumors than in other locations. By Cox regression analysis, Ki-67 more than 4% was the strongest prognostic indicator (P<0.005). Clinical stage and violation of surgical margins were also found to be independent significant prognostic indicators. We conclude that Ki-67 expression estimated by the use of MIB1 is a powerful tool for predicting the short-term prognosis for patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Cost of bowel obstruction resulting from adhesions.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the direct costs associated with bowel obstruction resulting from adhesions. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University Hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 57 patients aged 16 years or older who fulfilled the clinical and radiological criteria of bowel obstruction. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Course of, and direct costs associated with, the illness. RESULTS: In 34 of the 57 patients (60%) bowel obstruction was caused by adhesions, and in all 34 the small bowel was obstructed (85% of all cases of small bowel obstruction). 22 of the 42 patients who required a hospital stay of more than 24 hours (52%) had adhesive obstruction, and 10 of these (45%) had to be operated on, 2 of them twice. Major complications occurred in 6 (60%) and one died. In a national perspective, adhesive bowel obstruction may cause 2330 hospital admissions annually, which is associated with an estimated direct cost of about US$13 million. CONCLUSIONS: Adhesions are a serious, common, and costly complication of surgery. Efforts have to be undertaken to control their formation.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Chronic non-allergic rhinitis. Etiology, diagnosis and treatment].

Chronic rhinitis can be defined as an inflammation of the nasal mucosa lasting for more than three months. The condition may be due to allergy or infection, or to a number of non-allergic and non-infectious causes, such as trauma, hormonal imbalance, toxic influence or locally applied drugs. The etiology, diagnostic procedures and treatment of non-allergic chronic rhinitis are discussed.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1994

Post-operative evaluation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery with computed tomography.

Fifty consecutive patients underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FES) for bilateral rhinosinusitis. Pre- and post-operative computerized tomographic scans were evaluated. Of 50 patients, 45 (90%) experienced improvement in symptoms. Post-operative scans gave less encouraging results, with a slightly improved score for the combined group of sinuses and for the ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses separately. The difference between the pre- and post-operative CT score for the ethmoidal sinuses was statistically significant. The frontal sinus showed similar pre- and post-operative radiological findings. For the inexperienced surgeon we recommend computer tomographic examination 4-6 months after surgery. This could prove helpful if recurrence of symptoms occurs. For the experienced surgeon, clinical and endoscopic follow-up for at least 3 years is appropriate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Hearing loss in autoimmune diseases].

Several autoimmune disorders are associated with inner ear involvement. The resulting sensorineural loss of hearing may be improved by treatment with immunosuppressive agents. We describe a patient with oral ulcerations, systemic vasculitis, iridocyclitis and bilateral sudden deafness. After a course of systemic steroid treatment the hearing improved. Atypical Cogan's syndrome is the most likely diagnosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Aspects of stability of regional cerebral blood flow in chronic schizophrenia: an 18-year followup study.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements and psychiatric ratings were performed on seven schizophrenic patients (mean age = 41.4 years) who had been examined 18 years previously in a study that used similar psychiatric ratings and a comparable rCBF technique. Neither the clinical symptomatology nor the rCBF level and distribution had changed appreciably between 1972 and 1990. The findings indicate that cerebral functional activity in chronic schizophrenia remains constant in spite of continuous neuroleptic medication.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Adenoid cystic carcinoma: DNA as a prognostic indicator.

A retrospective study was performed on 20 patients with adenoid cystic carcinomas of major salivary glands to see if DNA patterns correlated with their prognoses. Fourteen tumors were found to be DNA diploid; 6 were DNA aneuploid. Histologically, all DNA-aneuploid tumors had solid components, compared with only 5 of the DNA-diploid tumors. All of the DNA-aneuploid tumors recurred, in contrast to only 2 of the DNA-diploid tumors; the difference was highly significant (P less than 0.001). All of the patients with no recurrences had DNA-diploid tumors. In our study, DNA measurements of adenoid cystic carcinomas gave statistically significant information about prognosis and correlated to histological grading. We propose that evaluation of DNA content may be performed before planning the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinomas.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Osteosynthesis with miniplates in unstable maxillo-zygomatic fractures].

This article discusses the etiology and classification of zygomatic fractures, as well as indications and methods of surgery. Osteosynthesis with a miniplate is a new treatment modality for unstable zygomatic fractures. The operative procedure is relatively simple and gives good cosmetic and functional results. We describe the technique illustrated with pre- and postoperative x-rays of a patient.

Bone Plates↗

PubMed1990

Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia: repeated studies during a psychotic episode.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements and clinical ratings were performed on 17 schizophrenic patients and a subgroup of 10 medication-free patients before and after treatment. While clinically exacerbated patients had normal blood flow, patients in remission showed a redistribution of flow with lower values in frontal areas. Anteroposterior ratios correlated with the degree of behavioral disturbances, suggesting that the level of frontal lobe activity in schizophrenia may be a function of the patient's clinical state at the time of study.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of remoxipride in elderly psychotic patients.

The pharmacokinetics of remoxipride when given as single doses of 50 mg and repeated doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg twice daily to 10 elderly psychotic patients (71-89 years) were compared with the findings of two other studies to reveal any age-related differences. The three studies comprised a total of 38 patients in three distinct age groups: elderly (71-89 years), middle-aged (46-69 years) and young (19-36 years). AUC, Cmax and Cmin of both total and unbound remoxipride increased with increasing age. The unbound fraction was similar in the three age groups. The half-life was prolonged in the elderly, most probably caused by a decrease in intrinsic clearance. A two-fold increase in AUC of both total and unbound concentrations was observed in the elderly group compared to the young, suggesting that patients over 70 years in general require half the dose needed by young adult patients. In general, the pharmacokinetics of remoxipride in the elderly are linear.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of remoxipride controlled release and immediate release capsules in schizophrenic patients.

Single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of remoxipride, a new antipsychotic drug, were compared after administration of a controlled release capsule (CR) and an immediate release capsule (IR), both 200 mg and administered b.i.d. Thirteen patients with chronic schizophrenia entered the double-blind 6-week crossover study. Seven were evaluable for investigation of steady-state pharmacokinetics. Fluctuations in plasma remoxipride concentrations decreased considerably after remoxipride CR compared with the IR formulation. The plasma peak concentrations were significantly decreased and the trough values were increased after the CR formulation, although the average concentrations at steady-state were similar. The two formulations were bioequivalent regarding the amount of remoxipride absorbed after repeated dosing. Five out of 13 patients withdrew prematurely from the study because of ineffectiveness or refusal of treatment. Both formulations were well tolerated.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

DNA pattern in oral cavity carcinomas in relation to clinical stage and histological grading.

Cytofluorometric DNA analysis was performed in 88 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. 48% (42/88) of the tumours were DNA non-diploid. The frequency of DNA non-diploid tumours seemed to correlate with the increasing size of the tumour, and the decrease of histological grading, and certainly with the presence of lymph node metastases (p less than 0.001). DNA non-diploid tumours often had shorter duration of symptoms. The S-phase level seemed to increase the less differentiated the tumour but did not correlate either to tumour size or to duration of symptoms. Polyploid nuclei were more common in poorly differentiated tumours (9/10) as compared to well differentiated ones (17/33) (p less than 0.05) and seemed to be more common in tumours with metastases (20/26) than in those without (40/62).

Adult↗

PubMed1987

DNA content, malignancy grading and prognosis in T1 and T2 oral cavity carcinomas.

Microscopic malignancy grading using the 8-factor system proposed by Jakobsson et al. (1973), the 4-factor system set up by Glanz and Eichhorn (1985), and DNA cytofluorometry were applied to thirteen T1 and thirty-seven T2 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, 9 with and 41 without metastases. There was a significant correlation between the presence of lymph node metastases (N1) and the malignancy scores (P less than 0.05) and tumour DNA ploidy (P less than 0.01, chi-square). The total number of patients with initial and late lymph node metastases correlated significantly with polyploid nuclei (P less than 0.05) and with malignancy scores (P less than 0.001), which also correlated with regional recurrences (P less than 0.01, chi-square). No remaining tumour after preoperative radiotherapy indicated less risk for local recurrence than if tumour persisted (P less than 0.01, chi-square). The cumulative survival (Kaplan-Meier) was worse for patients with nodal involvement (N1) than for those without (N0) (P less than 0.01), and for patients with poorly differentiated tumours compared with moderately well differentiated (P less than 0.05) and to well differentiated (P less than 0.001). The prognosis was worse for patients with high malignancy scores than those with low (P less than 0.001). DNA diploid tumours had a better prognosis than DNA non-diploid, but the difference was not significant.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Malignancy grading and cytophotometric evaluation of T1 lip carcinomas.

Histological malignancy grading using the score system set out by Jakobsson et al. in combination with static DNA cytofluorometry was applied to 20 T1 squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip, 11 with and 9 without lymph node metastases. The mean malignancy score was 18.0 for tumours with metastases and 13.0 for those without (P less than 0.05, chi square test). Nuclear polymorphism, mode of invasion, vascular invasion, and cellular response were the single factors with the strongest influence. All but 3 carcinomas were DNA diploid, but DNA ploidy and proliferative activity (S-phase) yielded no prognostic information. However, hypertetraploid cells were found in all DNA diploid carcinomas with metastases, but in only half of those without (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Visual and social benefits of vitreous surgery in diabetics. A long-term follow-up evaluation.

Eighty diabetics underwent vitreous microsurgery from 1977 to 1979 for severe vitreo-retinal disease. At follow-up examinations 5 to 9 years (mean 6.6 years) after surgery, 21 patients (26%) were deceased, and 8 subjects had been lost to re-examination. Among 51 patients (53 eyes), aged 28 to 71 years (mean 47 years), visual acuity increased to 0.1-1.0 in 28 eyes (53%) at 3 months after surgery. This visual improvement was also maintained in 28 eyes during 5 to 9 years; 13 eyes (25%) were then amaurotic. Diabetic retinopathy showed a remarkable regression after vitreous surgery, proliferations did not recur (except in 2 eyes following haemorrhage), and background retinopathy remained quiet. Personal interviews with 37 patients indicated substantial social benefits from vitreous surgery. Their working capacity had improved, from 3 subjects (8%) at work pre-operatively to 14 (38%) after surgery. The number of patients who could manage their own household duties had doubled after surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Prognostic value of malignancy grading and DNA measurements in small glottic carcinomas.

Thirty-three small glottic carcinomas (T1 and small T2; UICC, 1978) were examined by malignancy grading using the 8-factor system proposed by Jakobsson et al. [Acta radiol. Ther. phys. Biol. 12: 1-8, 1973] and the 4-factor system set up by Glanz and Eichhorn [Hals-Nas.-Ohrenarzt 33: 103-111, 1985]. DNA ploidy, S-phase, and the presence of polyploid cell nuclei were determined. There was no significant difference in malignancy score or DNA values between tumors that recurred after a full course of radiotherapy and those that did not. All but one carcinoma that recurred had polyploid nuclei, in comparison with only 13 of the 22 nonrecurrent tumors. Neither malignancy grading nor DNA measurements seem to predict the clinical course of small glottic carcinomas. Accurate and adequate radiotherapy may be more reliable for local tumor control than tumor character. The extent of the tumor, such as the involvement of the anterior commissure, may be another factor affecting the prognosis.

Aged↗