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Biomedical subjects

G Fredj

Publications and source records attributed to G Fredj.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Kinetics of allopurinol and oxipurinol after chronic oral administration. Interaction with benzbromarone.

Previous studies have described a pharmacokinetic interaction between probenecid, a uricosuric drug, and oxipurinol, the major metabolite of allopurinol. In single dose studies, no interaction was found to occur between benzbromarone, another uricosuric agent, and oxipurinol. A cross over study was conducted in 12 volunteers to compare the kinetics of allopurinol and oxipurinol following treatment for 7 days with allopurinol alone or combined with benzbromarone 20 or 100 mg. The pharmacokinetic parameters of allopurinol were not modified by the uricosuric therapy, but those of oxipurinol were markedly altered by concurrent administration even of the lower dose of benzbromarone; the average plasma level fell by 30% and the renal elimination rate was increased by 50%. A parallel increase in the renal elimination rate of uric acid was observed (significant only with the higher dose of benzbromarone) and a positive linear correlation between the fractional excretion of uric acid and that of oxipurinol was established.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of serum and prostatic levels of tobramycin].

In 19 patients with various prostatic diseases, serum and prostatic tissue levels of tobramycin were determined by bioassay and enzyme immunoassay after 1, 3 or 4 intramuscular injections of 75 mg tobramycin. The last injection was given ninety minutes prior to prostatectomy. Mean serum and prostatic tissue levels were respectively 3.55 micrograms/ml and 1.70 micrograms/g by bioassay, and 3.55 micrograms/ml and 2.37 micrograms/g by enzyme immunoassay. There was no significant difference in prostatic tissue levels between patients who received 3 or 4 drug doses and those who received one dose. Prostatic tissue levels were not significantly different in adenoma and chronic prostatitis.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1979

Action of tiadenol and clofibrate on biliary excretions of cholesterol and bile salts in rats.

Biliary excretion of cholesterol, phospholipids and bile salts, and the excretion of labeled cholesterol injected intravenously were studied in rats treated for 1 or 3 weeks with the hypolipidemic drugs tiadenol and clofibrate. Total biliary cholesterol concentration and output decreased in treated rats, and the cholesterol solubility ratio increased. The excretion of labeled bile salts increased with both drugs; the excretion of labeled cholesterol increased with clofibrate and tended to decrease with tiadenol. The ratio of labeled bile salts/labeled cholesterol was higher with tiadenol than with clofibrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Initial trial of a new test for the evaluation of hepatocellular function: the TMB test].

The oral administration of 400 mg of trimethoxy 1-3-5-benzene or T.M.B. is normally followed by a high urinary excretion of dimethoxy, 1, 3, hydroxy 5 benzene and other metabolites mainly in the form of conjugates. Urinary excretion during the first 3 hours is strongly reduced in liver disease. By a simple blind test we showed that the test is positive in subclinical and laboratory-negative liver failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Proposal of a new procedure for the exploration of hepatocellular function. The trimethoxybenzene test (TMB)].

The authors propose a new method of exploration of liver cell function based on the study of demethylation of a rapidly assimilated atoxic compound, trimethoxybenzene (TMB) in dimethoxy-hydroxybenzene (DMHB). Whereas in normal subjects, the urinary excretion of the metabolites was rapid and marked, 180 mg within 3 hours after taking a 400 mg dose, in patients with liver cell failure, the excretion of DMHB was considerably reduced, 80 to 95% in cirrhosis.

Benzene Derivatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of human neurovegetative and hematologic effects of environmental low-frequency (50-Hz) electromagnetic fields produced by transformers.

A survey of neurovegetative and hematologic disorders was conducted in a population (n = 13) exposed occupationally to environmental electromagnetic fields; the population was matched with 13 control subjects. The exposed subjects worked at least 8 h/d for 1-5 y in premises located above transformers and high-tension cables, and the subjects were submitted to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (i.e., 50 Hz) of 0.2 microT-6.6 microT. The subjects were matched with respect to socioeconomic category, sex, and age with a control population of subjects that worked in premises outside of the immediate vicinity of transformers or high-tension cables. The exposed population had a significant increase in degree of certain neurovegetative disorders (i.e., physical fatigue, psychical asthenia, lipothymia, decreased libido, melancholy, depressive tendency, and irritability). In addition, the population experienced a significant fall in total lymphocytes and CD4, CD3, and CD2 lymphocytes, as well as a rise in NK cells. Leukopenia and neutropenia were also observed in two persons permanently exposed to doses of 1.2-6.6 microT. The disorders disappeared when exposure stopped, and they reappeared on reexposure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Penetration of sulbactam into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis receiving ampicillin therapy.

Concentrations of sulbactam in the CSF of 18 patients with bacterial meningitis who were undergoing treatment with intravenous (iv) ampicillin were determined. Six patients received single doses of sulbactam (1 g) and 12 patients received multiple doses (four times daily) by the iv route at various intervals before lumbar punctures were performed to monitor their condition. Concentrations of sulbactam up to 12 micrograms/ml were detected in the CSF between 1 and 4 hr after dosing, the higher levels being present in the CSF of patients with the most severe meningeal inflammation. There were no significant differences in the concentrations achieved after single or multiple doses of sulbactam, and the concentrations were generally similar to the concurrent concentrations of ampicillin. It is concluded that these results as well as the antibacterial properties of sulbactam plus ampicillin support the evaluation of this combination as an alternative in the treatment of bacterial meningitis.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of tacrine hepatotoxicity in patients with Alzheimer disease or AIDS].

Previously used in Alzheimer disease Tacrine (THA): tetrahydroaminoacridine has shown a rise of hepatic transaminase enzyme activity (TEA) in 18% of patients for Summers and 19% for Ames. Although studies using THA from USA or Canada have noticed a rise of TEA in 30% of the patients, after a treatment course with French THA we also have noted a rise of TEA in 12% of the Alzheimer patients. However, these secondary effects yielded to the end of treatment. These studies have been done with THA from different origins and different associations. Summers, the Canadian group and the French one have used THA in association with lecithin, when american group study has been made with no additional product. Therefore we have initiated a trial with oral THA in AIDS patients. 52 patients with HIV infection (26 in the IVC1 group and 26 in IVC2 group) have been treated with the same THA as the one used for Alzheimer french group. The common dosage was 150 to 200 mg (3 to 4 of 50 mg dosing capsules per day). The THA has been synthetized such as having an over 99% pureness product. After a period of 260 months/patient no elevation of TEA has been noted in any patients of our group. These results observed in HIV advanced patients with this THA are discordant with the one observed in Alzheimer's study. The dosage used in AIDS is twice higher than the one used for Alzheimer which gives us credit to the lack of hepatic toxicity in HIV advanced patient after 7 months of treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacokinetic study of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid in subjects with normal renal function and patients with renal failure].

The main pharmacokinetic parameters of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoïc acid (its major metabolite) were determined after oral administration of 1,500 mg/d in 10 patients with normal renal function and of 1,000 mg/d in 10 patients with impaired renal function (renal insufficiency). This study shows that, with these dosage regimens, almost all the pharmacokinetic parameters are identical for pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid in patients with normal renal function and patients with impaired renal function. Comparison of results between patients allows us to propose a dosage regimen of 1,000 mg/d as maintenance in patients with renal insufficiency.

Humans↗