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Biomedical subjects

G Frostell

Publications and source records attributed to G Frostell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of partial substitution of invert sugar for sucrose in combination with Duraphat treatment on caries development in preschool children: the Malmö Study.

The aim was to study the effect of substitution of invert sugar for sucrose, in combination with fluoride varnish (Duraphat) treatment twice a year, on caries development in preschool children. One hundred and eighty-seven 4-years-olds were divided randomly into four sugar groups: (1) sucrose (S), (2) sucrose-Duraphat (SD), (3) invert sugar (I), and (4) invert sugar-Duraphat (ID). All families were asked to buy beverages, biscuits, breakfast cereals, marmalade, ice cream, jam, ketchup, sweets and table sugar, totally 32 different food items, sweetened with invert sugar or sucrose. The substitution was, thus, restricted to a number of sugar-rich between-meal products. The study was carried out double-blind for 2 years. The children of those parents who did not want to participate in the sugar groups were divided randomly into one of the following two groups: (5) Duraphat (D), and control (C). Because of lack of cooperation, only 114 of the 187 children (61%) were considered to have completed the study. The mean caries increment, including initial lesions, was 3.86 dmfs in the combined groups S and SD (n = 63) and 3.10 dmfs in the combined groups I and ID (n = 51) during the 2 years (p = 0.34). The corresponding values for the 2nd year only were 1.84 and 0.67 dmfs, respectively (p = 0.09). The mean caries increment was 2.86 dmfs in group D (n = 113) and 4.10 dmfs (p = 0.08) in group C (n = 93). If initial caries lesions were excluded from the index, the difference between groups D and C was significant (p = 0.008).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cariogenic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of a model for short-term clinical testing of cariogenicity.

Conventional mirror and probe examination and laser fluorescence were used to score caries-like alterations on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth in 60 panelists, allotted to one of three groups. All subjects refrained from oral hygiene for five days. In one group each subject consumed 12 sucrose candies daily between meals and in the second group each subject similarly consumed 12 palatinose (isomaltulose) candies. The third group served as a control. At the end of the experimental period the tooth surfaces reexamined. Conventional and laser fluorescence scoring techniques showed an increase in the number of caries-like alterations for all groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups. For all groups, the laser method gave significantly greater scores throughout. The findings imply that certain aspects of the early development of enamel caries in subjects regularly using fluorides must be considered in the design of a short-term cariogenicity test. It is concluded that sensitive quantitative methods for the registration of caries are necessary in such tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Secretion rate and buffer effect of resting and stimulated whole saliva in relation to general health.

The aim of this investigation was to study the possible relationship between general health and the salivary secretion rate and buffer effect. Based on the results of duplicate salivary tests, 92 consecutive dental patients with a very low secretion rate and/or buffer effect of resting and/or stimulated whole saliva were referred for a medical examination, which included blood and urine analyses. Various medical findings were made for 39 per cent of these patients. As comparison, the same medical and salivary variables were studied in 50 subjects who participated in medical screening programs. Medical findings were made for 32 per cent of the subjects, of whom only about one fourth had one or more very low salivary values. For both groups, no statistically significant difference was found for any of the variables studied when comparing individuals with and without medical findings. Therefore, the results obtained did not indicate a relationship between impaired health and a very low salivary secretion rate and/or buffer effect of whole saliva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of repeated intake of a sugar free fluoride-containing chewing gum on acidogenicity and microbial composition of dental plaque.

In a double blind cross-over study, 20 subjects were given either a sugar free chewing gum containing 0.25 mg fluoride or the same chewing gum without fluoride, eight times a day for 7 days. The pH of 3-day-old plaque was determined before and after each experimental period following a 30-s mouth-rinse with 10 ml 15% sucrose. The pH-decrease was significantly less pronounced after using the fluoride gum than after the placebo gum (P less than 0.001). In a second study, 20 subjects participated in a similar study. In this experiment the acid production activity from sucrose in dental plaque in vitro was determined with the aid of a titration method. In addition, the dental plaque wet weight and the total number of cultivable organisms, Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, expressed as the number of colonies per mg plaque, were determined. No significant effect was found on any of these parameters after using the fluoride gum compared to the placebo gum. Thus, the results indicate that slightly elevated levels of fluoride in saliva during daytime, achieved by repeated intake of fluoride gums for 7 days, are sufficient to influence the acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo.

Chewing Gum↗
PubMed1985

Palatinose--a sucrose substitute. Pilot studies.

Pilot studies on isomaltulose, (Palatinose), a sucrose substitute, including acid production in plaques, acid production in suspensions of dental plaque material or of Streptococcus mutans were performed, as well as studies on the effect of isomaltulose on glucan synthesis, by Strep. mutans. Also an experimental caries study in the rat was carried out in a few animals. The results indicated that isomaltulose is only slowly fermented in the oral cavity and that glucan formation from isomaltulose, if any, is very small. Sulcal caries only was found in rats challenged with isomaltulose. Since the animals developed very well on the isomaltulose diet and did not have stomach disorders, isomaltulose is considered to be of great interest as a sucrose-like, low-cariogenic and nontoxic sucrose substitute.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cariogenicity of isomaltulose (palatinose), sucrose and mixture of these sugars in rats infected with Streptococcus mutans E-49.

Each of three groups of Wistar rats, 19-20 animals per group, was fed an experimental diet containing either (1) isomaltulose 56%, (2) sucrose 56%, or (3) a mixture of isomaltulose and sucrose (17.5% + 38.5%). The animals were infected with Streptococcus mutans E-49 and one half of the animals was kept on the diet for 8 weeks and the other half for 14 weeks. Only sulcal caries was found in the isomaltulose animals after 8 weeks and 14 weeks. the group fed sucrose had high numbers of carious bucco-lingual, proximal and sulcal surfaces. The group fed the mixture of sucrose and isomaltulose had fewer lesions than the sucrose group on bucco-lingual surfaces after the 8 week experiment (P less than 0.01) and fewer bucco-lingual and proximal surfaces (P less than 0.01) after the 14 week experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of 3 months frequent consumption of hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (Lycasin), maltitol, sorbitol and xylitol on human dental plaque.

Lozenges containing hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (Lycasin), maltitol, sorbitol or xylitol were consumed 4 times daily during 3 months by 4 groups of persons (in all 85 subjects). In the maltitol-, sorbitol- and xylitol-group the plque wet weights were of the same magnitude before and after the test period. In the Lycasin-group, a higher value was found after than before the 3-month period (p less than 0.01). The acid production in suspensions of dental plaque material from Lycasin, maltitol and sorbitol expressed as per cent of that from glucose was approximately the same before and after the test period. From xylitol no acid production could be demonstrated either before or after the 3-month period. There were no statistically significant differences between the plaque pH-changes induced by rinsing with 50% solutions of Lycasin, maltitol, sorbitol or xylitol before and after the test period. However, there was a tendency (p less than 0.05) towards lower pH-values induced by the maltitrol and sorbitol rinse after the 3-month period compared with before. No difference in the relative numbers of facultative anaerobic streptococci. Streptococcus mutans or facultative anaerobic lactobacilli before and after the test period was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Biochemical effects of and bacteriological response to sugar substitutes in the oral environment.

The problems of the biochemical effects of sugar substitutes and bacteriologic response to such substitutes in the oral cavity may fill a whole book. Therefore, considerable restrictions in the presentation are necessary. Noncaloric sweeteners and additives are not utilized by the oral microorganisms for metabolism and acid production and are therefore of minor interest in this connection. This presentation mainly concerns sugar alcohols and related substances, primarily sorbitol, xylitol and Lycasin. Monosaccharides and other saccharides are not dealt with in this presentation even if some of them are of considerable interest; for example fructose, invert sugar and others. Sugar alcohols are used as substitutes because they cannot be utilized by the vast majority of oral organisms for fermentation, acid production or production of polysaccharides. There is a risk that the oral flora will adapt to these products and that such a substitute, which is originally nonacidogenic, may subsequently be utilized for fermentation and may even induce dental caries.

Acids↗
PubMed1977

SIMS study of element concentration profiles in enamel and dentin.

The ion probe technique has been employed for the determination of the concentrations of P, F, Cl, C, Na, K, Mg, Sr, Al, and Si at different depths in human tooth. The applicability of the method depends selectively on the element's position in the periodic table, but may be regarded as good for a wide range of microelements of dental interest.

Dental Enamel↗