Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G G Keyes.
In the past several years, considerable attention has been focused on clinical practice guidelines. They are developed to foster improved clinical care and to increase clinical efficiency. The legal implications of developing and following guidelines are not yet clear. The author argues that properly formulated guidelines could reduce the burdens of preventing and resolving malpractice claims.
The passage of The American with Disabilities Act (ADA) has broadened the legal protection afforded students with disabilities. Since it is most likely that dental schools, or their parent universities, have been in compliance with the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, they should experience minor additional requirements, in the academic arena, from the ADA. Dental schools increasingly will be asked to consider the special needs of disabled students, and may encounter conflicts between students' accommodation needs and clinical requirements and academic standards. This paper reviews federal law that protects the disabled from discrimination. More specifically, federal court decisions that have interpreted federal law were examined to see how the respective interests of disabled professional students and school administrators were treated.
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This article provides an ethical and legal analysis of a previously reported case involving an HIV-positive dental student at the Medical College of Georgia. We conclude that the college acted appropriately from an ethical point of view and probably exceeded its legal obligations to accommodate the student.
Biopsy reports of specimens from the apices of 1659 teeth physically present at the time the biopsy was performed were reviewed. The following information was recorded from each report: (a) source of specimen, (b) sex of patient, (c) age of patient, (d) location of tooth associated with lesion, and (e) diagnoses reported. Data were recorded and analyzed by chi-square analysis to note significant differences. This study found that 52% of the lesions were granulomas, 42% cysts, 2% periapical scars, and 4% other disorders. No differences were found between males and females in regard to age and location of lesions. Overall, the most common location for lesions was the maxillary anterior, followed by maxillary posterior, mandibular posterior, and finally the mandibular anterior jaw. This also was the case for all age ranges except 60 to 69 yr of age where lesions in the maxillary posterior area were most common. More granulomas were detected in all areas except in the mandibular posterior area where cysts were more common.
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Although endodontists concern themselves primarily with inflammatory disease, constant vigilance should be maintained so that the diagnosis of periradicular malignant disease is not delayed. This article reviews oral lymphoma and presents two cases that illustrate the difficulty that can be encountered in establishing a timely and accurate diagnosis. Suggestions for maximizing the chances of early differentiation of inflammatory from malignant disease are presented. The role of the biopsy and its limitations are offered.
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Two cases of intramandibular neurofibromas unassociated with Von Recklinghausen's disease are presented and the literature is reviewed.
In vitro responsiveness of spleen cells from NZP/NZW (B/W) female mice, aged 2 through 40 weeks, to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin-A (Con-A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was determined. An age-related decline in proliferative response of splenic cells was found; this decline correlated with the age of onset and progression of lymphoid infiltration in lacrimal and salivary glands in the mice. The worsening with age of this lymphoid infiltrate, coupled with the decline in responsiveness to mitogens, suggests a complex immunopathologic process with destruction of glands terminating in a disease similar to the Sjögren syndrome in humans.
The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) governs various commercial transactions. Article Two of the Code deals with sales of goods and, historically, has not applied to the provision of goods incident to rendering professional services. Recently, some courts have held professionals liable for economic or personal injuries caused by faulty medical devices and prostheses. Liability, when found, has been based on one or more of the UCC Article Two warranties. This article discusses these warranties and those cases in which hospitals and doctors have been held liable under them. While the number of such cases is small, there are arguments that suggest that liability under these circumstances could increase in the future. An understanding of the Article Two warranties and how they have been used in lawsuits against health professionals should help minimize the chances of successful litigation against dentists.
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