Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Galgóczy.
Asbestos bodies were demonstrated within an abdominal mesothelioma, proving the tumour-inductive role of asbestos fibres. Asbestos fibres were also found earlier in a case of bile duct carcinoma (17).
Respiratory mechanical impedances were determined during voluntary apnea in five healthy subjects, by means of 0.25- to 5-Hz pseudo/random oscillations applied at the mouth. The total respiratory impedance was partitioned into pulmonary (ZL) and chest wall components with the esophageal balloon technique; corrections were made for the upper airway shunt impedance and the compressibility of alveolar gas. Neglect of these shunt effects did not qualitatively alter the frequency dependence of impedances but led to underestimations in impedance, especially in the chest wall resistance (Rw), which decreased by 20-30% at higher frequencies. The total resistance (Rrs) was markedly frequency dependent, falling from 0.47 +/- 0.06 (SD) at 0.25 Hz to 0.17 +/- 0.01 at 1 Hz and 0.15 +/- 0.01 kPa X l-1 X s at 5 Hz. The changes in Rrs were caused by the frequency dependence of Rw almost exclusively between 0.25 and 2 Hz and in most part between 2 and 5 Hz. The effective total respiratory (Crs,e) and pulmonary compliance were computed with corrections for pulmonary inertance derived from three- and five-parameter model fittings of ZL. Crs,e decreased from the static value (1.03 +/- 0.18 l X kPa-1) to a level of approximately 0.35 l X kPa-1 at 2-3 Hz; this change was primarily caused by the frequency-dependent behavior of chest wall compliance.
After a period of 10 years the authors reexamined the respiratory health status of 381 dust-exposed males. Of the lung function values examined Raw, RV/TLC%, VC, TGV and PaO2 were found to be of significant prognostic importance. Among the radiological changes characteristic of silicosis the most serious B-C category, among the respiratory complaints dyspnoea accompanied by regular cough and expectoration, and among the physical changes extended rhonchi and rales accompanied by an emphysematous thorax are to be considered as most essential with respect to prognosis. Smoking habits significantly affected the total death rate, but did not prove to be significant with regard to respiratory death. In the development of bronchial obstruction recurrent febrile respiratory diseases proved to be more important than smoking habits and mild bronchitic complaints.
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Equivalent (effective) values of airway resistance were determined for total breaths, inspiration and expiration in spontaneously breathing patients by means of an off-line processing system. An improvement in the alveolar pressure determination was achieved by subtracting thermal pressure drifts of the pressure plethysmograph and by taking into account instantaneous values of the intrathoracic gas volume. Equivalent resistance values were compared with the results of several simulated routine evaluations. It was found that the equivalent resistance is best approximated by the graphical procedure using average pressure points at +/- 0.5 liter/sec flow levels.
Reproterol (Bronchospasmin), a monomolecular combination of catecholamine and theophylline, was tested in 81 patients with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive bronchitis after a single oral dose, and compared with orciprenaline by intra-individual cross-over test. Five pulmonary-function laboratories cooperated in the study. A statistically significant bronchodilator effect, as measured by airway resistance and volume-corrected resistance, was obtained with 20 mg reproterol, having its onset after about 30 minutes, reaching its peak after 2-3 hours, and lasting for at least 4 hours. Comparing the area under the time-effect curves, the total effect was greater than that after 20 mg orciprenaline, pO2 rose higher after reproterol than after orciprenaline, but only by a few mm Hg. Neither heart rate nor blood pressure changed significantly after reproterol.
According to a uniform trial procedure, the broncholytic efficacy of the new beta2-adrenergic 7-(3-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethylamino]-propyl)-theophylline (reproterol, Bronchospasmin) was tested in a total of 21 patients afflicted with airways obstruction in two lungfunction laboratories. The IGV, Ras and SGaw were calculated by bodyplethysmography before and 1,3 and 5 min following of 2 puffs from an aerosol container. Excellent and highly significantly bronchodilation was shown already 1 min post inhalation, which further increased during testing time and with which results of subjective criteria for dyspnoeic changes correspond. The preparation may therefore be recommended for therapy of dyspnoeic attacks in an aerosol form equipped with metering valves.
In the first part of this paper a computerised evaluation of plethysmographic signals is presented. The off-line processing described eliminates some erroneous simplifications that routine plethysmography is bound to involve. (1) A subtraction of the box pressure baseline permits measurements with perfectly sealed constant volume plethysmographs even in the case of thermal disequilibrium. (2) Alveolar pressure is computed from the box pressure signal, using instantaneous values of the intrathoracic gas volume. (3) This technique enables one to utilise all the measured data for determinations of airway resistance and viscous work, thus yielding more exact values as compared to the graphic evaluations. In Part 2 a three-parameter model of transpulmonary mechanics, applied to fit data of cat experiments, is described. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how transpulmonary parameters (static pleural pressure, compliance and resistance) are modified by the actual state of the pulmonary vascular bed.
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