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Biomedical subjects

G Galvan

Publications and source records attributed to G Galvan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Value of preoperative fine needle puncture cytology in the diagnosis of highly malignant thyroid tumors].

Highly malignant thyroid tumours are frequently diagnosed only at an advanced stage where radical resection is no longer feasible. By the wide application of fine needle aspiration biopsy as a diagnostic tool in nodular thyroid diseases occasionally early stages of these tumours can be diagnosed. Despite early detection in 23% of our patients with anaplastic carcinomas and sarcomas of the thyroid gland and subsequent radical resection an improvement in the long-term outcome was not achieved. In contrast, thyroidectomy and appropriate oncologial therapy may result in long-term survival of patients with early stages of thyroid lymphomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Therapy of suspicious fine needle puncture from nodular struma with reference to thyroid function and morphology].

A suspicious preoperative cytology (= class "III") may be the result of various disorders of the thyroid presenting with cell atypia. For example hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis can show a cytological aspect, mimicing a differentiated carcinoma. Our study, comprising 231 patients with cytology "III" revealed a low malignancy rate (1%) in cases of concurrent hyperthyroidism or thyreoiditis. In contrast, 26% of the patients presenting with euthyroid nodular goiter and cytology "III" had a malignant histology such patients should be treated by primary lobectomy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1989

Hyperthyroidism and concurrent thyroid malignancies.

In a 17-year period 1848 patients with hyperthyroidism were operated on. Fourteen (0.76%) had a coexisting thyroid malignancy. Preoperative scintiscan and pathologic diagnoses were compared: 10 malignancies were in cold nodules, two were unidentifiable preoperatively due to small size, and two were in hot areas. Five patients had papillary cancer, four follicular, three anaplastic, and two medullary. Patients with uninodular toxic goiter had a low rate of associated malignancy (0.27%, 3/1108). In contrast, patients with multinodular toxic goiter had an incidence of 1.63% (11/676). No patient with Graves' disease (n = 64) had a carcinoma. Extensive use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy enabled preoperative diagnosis in a majority of the cases (9/14, 64%). We conclude that the incidence of coexisting thyroid malignancy and hyperthyroidism is rare in our endemic iodine-deficiency goiter area.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pulsatile luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone treatment of male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) secretion from the hypothalamus follows a rhythmic pattern, inducing pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from the pituitary gland. Consideration of this physiologic principle led to the introduction of pulsatile LH-RH therapy via infusion pump for the treatment of different forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. We report on 10 male patients, 16 to 28 years of age, suffering from idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) including Kallman's syndrome (n = 2) and delayed puberty (n = 2). All presented with complete eunuchoidism and had undergone no treatment for their conditions during the previous 2 years. LH-RH was administered in subcutaneous pulses of 4 to 16 micrograms, with a portable infusion pump (ZYKLOMAT, Ferring Corp., Kiel, FRG); treatment periods ranged from 6 to 24 months. With therapy, the subjects improved secretion of LH, FSH and testosterone. Testicular volumes and penis size increased; all patients developed normal secondary sexual characteristics. Spermatogenesis was induced in all patients. The time to onset of spermatogenesis ranged from 3 to 15 months. No major side effects were observed, and no patient dropped out of the study. The results indicate that pulsatile LH-RH therapy is an highly effective treatment for IHH and delayed puberty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effects of high and low doses of methimazole in patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis.

In spite of the long-established use of antithyroid drugs, there are many unsettled questions connected with this treatment of Graves' disease. There is a lack of controlled prospective trials studying the results of antithyroid drug therapy while considering the many variables such as disease heterogeneity, regional differences, drug dosage and duration of treatment. Therefore, a multicenter study has been set up in order to compare the effects of two fixed doses of methimazole (10 vs 40 mg) with thyroid hormone supplementation on the clinical, biochemical and immunological course of Graves' disease and on remission rates. Experience accumulated so far suggests that treatment is safe using either 10 or 40 mg of methimazole. While there is a tendency for an advantage of the higher dose within the first weeks (higher effectiveness in controlling hyperthyroidism), this difference is not significant. The impact of dosage on remission rates remains to be shown.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Chernobyl--practical experiences exemplified by the Salzburg crisis staff].

After Chernobyl the situation in Salzburg was characterized by several particular factors: Here the amount of radiation was higher than in all the other country capitals, there was an exceptionally intensive interest in news, from the very beginning the public was very critical, private initiative groups were organized. Moreover, several mass events took place in this period, as for instance the Pongau-rallye, the international football match with Sweden and the "Dult"-fun-fair. All this and the immediate access to current measurement data was reason for a partly deviating attitude towards the instructions issued by the ministry of health and pollution control. Thus the forbidden grass-feeding of cattle--already turned out to pasture--was not kept, the prohibition of whey fodder was issued very early and whey had to be thickened. For a short period the action "school-milk" was stopped. In order to avoid the unnecessary slaughtering of higher contaminated cattle a screening method was established. The order not to sell salad and vegetable was cancelled but a full week later than in the rest of Austria. An evaluation of the contaminated area could be obtained nation-wide with the project "map square". On the part of the city of Salzburg a register of the radiation amount of the streets was provided. Detailed instructions for the behaviour of the population were made public. The penal responsibility of responsible politicians and representatives of the authorities, according to the opinion of Prof. Dr. O. Triffterer was mentioned.

Accidents↗
PubMed1985

[Should the iodination of table salt be increased in Austria?].

Since the main reason of endemic goiter is the avoidable iodine deficiency, this in an unnecessary disease. In Austria an exemplary iodized salt prophylaxis was introduced in 1963. Thanks to this iodized salt prophylaxis endemic cretinism has died out. The incidence of hypothyroidism in newborns is currently 1 : 4600, goiter frequency in the first school year now only 1.1 to 1.5%. In contrast the goiter incidence in girls in the twelfth school year increases to 13.4% and up to one third of adults are afflicted by goiter. Studies of iodine excretion in Feldkirch, Innsbruck, Salzburg, Graz and Vienna on a total of 2627 patients showed an iodine excretion of less than 100 micrograms J/g creatinine in the majority of the patients. This proves that there is still an inadequate iodine supplement. The Austrian Nuclear Medicine Society therefore recommends an increase in the potassium iodide content from the present 10 mg potassium iodide/kg to 20 mg potassium iodide/kg table salt, in keeping with the procedure introduced in Switzerland in 1980. Through this measure a decrease in the goiter frequency to less than 3% is to be expected over a longer period. This will result in a considerable reduction in the costs of diagnosis and therapy for this disease. There might be a temporary increase in hyperthyroidism for a certain period as a result of the increase of the content of iodide in the table salt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Triiodothyronine, reverse-triiodothyronine, thyroxine, resin-triiodothyronine-uptake and protein bound jodide in the fluid of thyroid cysts (author's transl)].

T3, rT3, T4, PBI and the saturation of T3-T4-binding proteins in yellow and brown cyst fluids of nontoxic goiters differ from the values in sera. In the brown cyst fluids, resulting from a hemorrhage, T3, rT3, T4, PBI and T3 U are significantly higher than in sera and no correlation could be found with the values in sera. In the yellow cyst fluids T3 and T3 U are significantly higher then in sera, T4 is lower, PBI and rT3 do not differ from the values in sera. Only T3 and rT3 are not correlated. Various reasons for higher concentrations of hormones in the cyst fluid such as destruction of thyroid follicles and lymphvessels, a high protein concentration and direct secretion of hormones and iodoproteins from thyroid tissue in the cyst wall into the cyst fluid are taken into consideration. As these hormones in the cyst fluid may be absorbed, the results are also of clinical value.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1978

[Hypothalamic peptide hormones].

After a review of the significance of the releasing and inhibiting polypeptide hormones of the hypothalamus, the clinical significance of the gonadotropin-releasing-hormone and the thyrotropin releasing hormone, is discussed in detail.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

[Concordant medullary thyroid carcinoma in identical twins with discordant phaeochromocytoma (Sipple syndrome) (author's transl)].

The first case of Sipple syndrome in identical twins is reported. It is concluded that the concordant medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is the result of a germinal mutation, whilst the discordant solitary phaeochromocytoma is caused by a somatic mutation according to the two mutation model. The practical conclusion to be drawn from this report is that if one identical twin develops carcinoma of the thyroid or a phaeochromocytoma, the other twin should be throughly investigated and surgical exploration undertaken, even in the absence of clinical evidence of disease.

Adult↗