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Biomedical subjects

G Gardner

Publications and source records attributed to G Gardner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Blastomycotic cranial osteomyelitis.

This is the second case report of a temporal bone osteomyelitis caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, which presented as a chronic serous otitis media. The presenting serous otitis media was refractory to conventional medical and surgical management and progressed to a temporal bone osteomyelitis prior to diagnosis. B. dermatitidis is a rare fungal pathogen that causes a systemic pyogranulomatous disease that primarily manifests itself in the skin, bones, pulmonary, and genitourinary systems. If left untreated it is associated with a high rate of mortality. The otologic presentation of this rare disease is emphasized, while the clinical and therapeutic features are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The discovery of novel auxin transport inhibitors by molecular modeling and three-dimensional pattern analysis.

Molecular modeling techniques and three-dimensional (3D) pattern analysis have been used to investigate the chemical and steric properties of compounds that inhibit transport of the plant hormone auxin. These compounds bind to a specific site on the plant plasma membrane characterized by its affinity for the herbicide N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). A 3D model was derived from critical features of a set of ligands for the NPA receptor, a suggested binding conformation is proposed, and implications for the topographical features of the NPA receptor are discussed. This model, along with 3D structural analysis techniques, was then used to search the Abbott corporate database of chemical structures. Of the 467 compounds that satisfied the criteria of the model, 77 representative molecules were evaluated for their ability to compete for the binding of [3H]NPA to corn microsomal membranes. Nineteen showed activity that ranged from 16 to 85% of the maximum NPA binding. Four of the most active of these, representing chemical classes not included in the original compound set, were also found to inhibit polar auxin transport through corn coleoptile sections. Thus, this study demonstrates that 3D analysis techniques can identify active, novel ligands for biochemical target sites with concomitant physiological activity.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1989

Hemolytic uremic syndrome following cisplatin, bleomycin, and vincristine chemotherapy: a report of a case and a review of the literature.

This report describes a patient who developed the hemolytic uremic syndrome while undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin, bleomycin, and vincristine, for metastatic squamous cell cancer of the floor of the mouth. In spite of dialysis and plasmapheresis, the patient died. This complication has rarely been reported in association with cisplatin, bleomycin, or vincristine therapy. The etiology of this syndrome is uncertain but may be related to scleroderma-like endothelial injury and vasospasm caused by bleomycin combination chemotherapy. It is notable that the development of the hemolytic uremic syndrome in conjunction with this combination of agents has been fatal in all patients over the age of 50 with squamous cell cancers.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Shunt surgery in Meniere's disease: a follow-up report.

Between December 1969 and May 1986, 140 patients were treated for Menière's disease using the endolymphatic sac subarachnoid shunt. The technique and results are contrasted with an earlier report. The surgical technique described includes modifications of the originally described procedure. A microcomputer was used for the storage and manipulation of data based upon 1972 Academy criteria. Control of vertigo was accomplished in 83% of patients; 51% of patients were graded class A or B, according to the 1972 Academy criteria. No serious complications occurred. Problems included the potential for serious complications, the lack of specific criteria for patient selection, and the continued deterioration of hearing with the passage of time. Comparison of data with those presented in 1973 indicates a lower overall success rate, but continued success in the management of vertigo and imbalance. The endolymphatic sac subarachnoid shunt is worthy of consideration in the management of Menière's disease when surgery is indicated and retention of hearing is desirable.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Silk gland-specific tRNA(Ala) genes are tightly clustered in the silkworm genome.

To understand the basis for tissue-specific production and accumulation of alanine tRNA in silkworms, we have examined the organization of the genes that code for silk gland-specific and constitutive alanine tRNAs. We have found that all of the silk gland-specific tRNA(Ala) genes (approximately 20) appear to be tightly clustered at a single locus in the Bombyx genome. These genes are arranged in tandem at intervals of approximately 150 base pairs. In contrast to the arrangement of the silk gland-specific tRNA(Ala) genes, most of the 20 to 30 constitutive tRNA(Ala) genes are dispersed in the genome. Silk gland-specific tRNA(Ala) genes are not amplified or grossly rearranged in the silk gland. Thus it is likely that differential transcription, rather than changes in gene number or structure, accounts for the tissue-specific accumulation of tRNA(Ala).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The subarachnoid shunt for Menière's disease: sixteen years' experience.

One hundred forty patients have been treated at the Baptist Memorial Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee for Menière's disease over a 16-year period, using an endolymphatic sac-subarachnoid shunt. Emphasis was placed on surgical methods, including compression of the sigmoid sinus with bone wax during surgery, facial nerve identification, and coverage of the sac with vein tissue. Satisfactory follow-up was accomplished in 66% of patients. Results were reported according to the criteria of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology (1972). Control of attacks was accomplished in 83% of cases; median pure tone average (PTA) was 49 dB preoperatively and 54 dB postoperatively. Speech discrimination was 78% preoperatively and 69% postoperatively. Sixty-eight patients (51%) were graded as class A or B. Sixty-six (49%) were class C or D. Twenty-three patients (17%) were A+. Absence of nasal allergy and the presence of fluctuation of hearing appeared to indicate a more favorable outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tobacco and alcohol use among Australian secondary schoolchildren.

A national survey of 23,359 Australian schoolchildren who were predominantly in the age range of 12-17 years was undertaken in 1984 to determine their levels of use of tobacco and alcohol. The prevalence of current smoking behaviour (that is, at least one cigarette in the past week) rose with age to 34% among girls and 29% among boys at 15 years of age. The prevalence of current drinking behaviour (that is, at least one drink in the past week) rose with age to 49% among girls and 56% among boys at 17 years of age. Very few pupils reported daily drinking but from 15 years of age between 12% and 14% of the sampled students reported smoking every day. Boys who currently smoked and drank reported higher consumptions of tobacco and alcohol than did girls who currently smoked and drank. Most smoking and drinking took place at weekends. Normal responses for intention to smoke in the future, and for drinkers and smokers "self-referent labels" are also reported, and it is suggested that health education programmes for schoolchildren usefully could be focused on these psychological factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Electrical pacing of the Roux limb resolves delayed gastric emptying.

This study compares antegrade gastric and Roux-limb electrical pacing in the evaluation and treatment of delayed gastric emptying following vagotomy, antrectomy and Roux-Y enterostomy. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) underwent midline laparotomy, truncal vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-Y jejunostomy. Pacemaker leads were implanted 1 cm apart in both the gastric fundus and proximal Roux limb. Pacing was accomplished using a 0.5 mA, 50 msec, 0.33 Hz signal and monitored by an oscilloscope. Animals were fasted for 2 hr and then gavaged with 1.0 cc of 99mTc-labeled egg white. At 1 hr rats were anesthetized. The stomach, Roux limb, small intestine, and colon were doubly ligated and excised without disturbing their contents. The total number of counts per minute per rat was determined in a gamma radiation counter, and percentage gastric emptying (GE) was evaluated. Group I controls (n = 8) retained 76 +/- 15.8% for a GE of 24%. Group II gastric paced rats (n = 8) retained 64.5 +/- 19.2% (GE 35.5%) and Group III Roux-limb paced rats (n = 8) retained 46.8% +/- 13.2 (GE 53.2%) (P less than 0.005 III vs I, P less than 0.05 III vs II). The amount of radioactive meal distal to the Roux limb was also evaluated. Group I had 15.7 +/- 16.1%, Group II (gastric paced) 20.5 +/- 19.0%, and Group III (Roux-limb paced) 37.2 +/- 11.9% (P less than 0.005 III vs I, P less than 0.05 III vs II). These data imply that Roux-en-Y limb dysmotility may contribute to delayed gastric emptying following vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-Y enterostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Importance of non-patient transfer activities in nursing-related back pain: II. Observational study and implications.

To determine the low back stressor exposures of hospital nursing staff members, the daily activities of 63 staff members were observed and coded. In addition to direct patient contact activities, non-patient contact activities were common. Many patient contact actions were static (isometric), requiring maintenance of an antigravity position which stresses the low back. These findings suggest the need to expand the focus of work practice training, equipment redesign, and future research activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Nonsurgical management of small and intracanalicular acoustic tumors.

It is generally accepted that the proper treatment for acoustic tumors is surgical removal. In fact, there is little, if any, reference to nonsurgical treatment of these tumors in the recent medical literature. We would like to report on the nonsurgical management of six patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors based upon CT examination. The diagnostic findings, follow-up data, and the rationale upon which the decision was made to treat the patients nonsurgically will be presented, as will a review of the pertinent literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Lethal cholesteatoma.

Aural cholesteatoma is a disease entity well known to the otologic community. Complications of cholesteatoma, although uncommon, are not usually life threatening. We present two cases in which a unique and hitherto unreported pathway of spread of a cholesteatoma is noted. The cholesteatoma, after originating in the ear, entered the diploë and spread insidiously between the inner and outer tables to distal parts of the skull. Osteomyelitis, in concert with the cholesteatoma, destroyed large areas of the skull in both patients. One patient died of his disease. The other patient was operated on and is alive but has unresectable disease and purulent drainage from three separate cranial fistulas.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Skull base surgery for glomus jugulare tumors.

Thirty-six patients with glomus jugulare tumors have been managed over a 13-year period using various combinations of skull base surgery and irradiation therapy. The data resulting from this study are presented; the techniques of diagnosis and treatment are reviewed. We conclude that irradiation therapy alone is a satisfactory form of treatment for elderly and poor-risk patients; preoperative x-ray therapy followed by skull base surgery is an effective treatment for younger patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Facial nerve function in cerebellopontine angle tumor surgery.

This article evaluates previous reports of facial nerve function after acoustic tumor surgery, and reports the results of a series of 144 patients treated surgically for cerebellopontine angle tumors. Previous reports have been handicapped by lack of an adequate grading system, which makes it difficult to compare results of different series. Previous studies provide limited correlation of pertinent features of pathology and management. This study correlates both the anatomic status of the facial nerve postoperatively with the ultimate outcome, and whether or not additional facial nerve surgery was performed, as well as the level of facial nerve function with the duration of time elapsed since surgery. Findings indicate that, although the long-term likelihood for satisfactory recovery of facial function is high, there is also a high likelihood of severe facial paralysis at some point during the postoperative course. Emphasis is also placed on maximal use of available technology during the process of dissection of the nerve from the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Transtemporal approaches to the cranial cavity.

A variety of surgical approaches through the temporal bone to the cranial cavity have been described in the past. We advocate creative modifications and combinations of these approaches in order to match the specific needs of particular tumors and other types of pathology. Two case examples demonstrating the need for such modifications are presented.

Adult↗