PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Garosi

Publications and source records attributed to G Garosi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The rabbit model in evaluating the biocompatibility in peritoneal dialysis.

Rat and rabbit are the most common animal models for peritoneal dialysis. Rats are cheap and easy to keep. Rabbits allow dialysis to be performed for longer periods and in a way very similar to that used in human patients. Recent progress in histomorphometry enables accurate comparison of the biocompatibility of different peritoneal dialysis solutions. Preliminary data in the rabbit indicate that peritoneal dialysis is associated with a change in both the number and size of milky spots, which are peritoneal corpuscles involved in peritoneal defence.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Recent advances in peritoneal morphology: the milky spots in peritoneal dialysis.

Milky spots are submesothelial lymphoid structures, essential for the maturation of resident peritoneal macrophages, for peritoneal defense, and for all peritoneal inflammatory and immune processes. We evaluated the number and size of milky spots in omentum of rats subjected to dialysis for 15, 30, and 60 days and in omentum of non dialyzed control rats (5 rats per group). After 15 days of dialysis, the number (4.2 +/- 1.5/cm2) and mean size (0.13 +/- 0.04 mm2) of milky spots were significantly lower than in the control group (7.6 +/- 2.3/cm2, p < 0.03; 0.25 +/- 0.04 mm2, p < 0.01). After 30 days of dialysis, values returned to a level similar to that in controls (6.8 +/- 1.9/cm2 and 0.20 +/- 0.04 mm2). After 60 days of dialysis, values were significantly greater than in all other groups (11.8 +/- 2.2/cm2 and 0.41 +/- 0.07 mm2, p < 0.03). The early decrease in milky spots seems to be due to washing of the peritoneum and replacement of resident white cells at the expense of the white cell population in the milky spots. At 30 days, a process of adaptation seems to establish functional equilibrium. The increase in milky spots after 60 days of dialysis may be due to the chronic inflammatory stimulus of dialysis solutions with poor biocompatibility.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Extracorporeal blood oxygenation and ozonation (EBOO) in man. preliminary report.

Autohemotherapy with ozone has been used for four decades with encouraging results but, owing to the lack of clinical studies, it has never been adopted by orthodox medicine. Confident of the valid principles of ozone therapy, we have endeavoured to increase its therapeutic efficacy. Over a ten-year period we have developed an apparatus that makes it possible to treat large quantities of blood with ozone in extracorporeal circulation (extracorporeal blood oxygenation and ozonation EBOO). One of us volunteered to test the system and after six treatments noted the disappearance of two lipomas. This prompted us to treat a patient with Madelung disease and several patients with atherosclerotic vasculopathy. Besides showing therapeutic effects, the preliminary results indicate that EBOO is clinically valid, without side-effects and worthy of testing in various diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Pathophysiology and morphological clinical correlation in experimental and peritoneal dialysis-induced peritoneal sclerosis.

The definition of peritoneal sclerosis encompasses a vast range of peritoneal alterations induced by peritoneal dialysis. The morphology, clinical correlations and pathophysiology of, and experimental animal models for, this condition show such striking differences from case to case as to suggest the existence of two nosological entities: simple sclerosis and sclerosing peritonitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Ozonation of blood during extracorporeal circulation. I. Rationale, methodology and preliminary studies.

We investigated whether exposure of blood ex-vivo to oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) through a gas exchanger is feasible and practical. We first evaluated the classical dialysis-type technique but we soon realized that semipermeable membranes are unsuitable because they are hydrophilic and vulnerable to O3. We therefore adopted a system with hydrophobic O3-resistant hollow fibers enclosed in a polycarbonate housing with a membrane area of about 0.5 m2. First we tested the system with normal saline, determining the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at O3 concentrations from 5 to 40 microg/ml. We then evaluated critical parameters by circulating swine blood in vitro; this revealed that heparin is not an ideal anticoagulant for this system. Finally, we performed several experiments in sheep and defined optimal anticoagulant dose (sodium citrate, ACD), priming solution, volume of blood flow per min, volume and concentration of O2-O3 mixture flowing countercurrent with respect to blood and the time necessary for perfusion in vivo. The biochemical parameters showed that an O3 concentration as low as 10 microg/ml is effective; this means that gas exchange and O3 reactivity are rapid and capable of inducing biological effects. The sheep showed no adverse effects even after 50 min of extracorporeal circulation at higher O3 concentrations (20 to 40 microg/ml) but the exchanger became less effective (low pO2 values) due to progressive clogging with cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Peritoneal sclerosis--an overview.

The term peritoneal sclerosis encompasses a vast range of peritoneal alterations, from the low clinical impact manifestations associated with chronic peritoneal dialysis, to dramatic thickening of the peritoneal membrane, which is rare, but often life-threatening. The frequency, pathology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, therapy, and prevention of peritoneal sclerosis are reviewed. Preliminary observations from the Italian Registry of Peritoneal Sclerosis, established in the framework of a program of the Italian Society of Nephrology, are reported.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Kidney vascular damage and cocaine.

Cardiovascular damage is common in young cocaine addicts, and similar atherosclerotic lesions seem likely in the kidneys. To confirm this hypothesis, we performed histological examination of 40 kidney autopsy specimens classified as "cocaine-related deaths"; as controls, kidney specimens of 40 road accident victims were examined. Semiquantitative analysis showed that the ratio of the number of glomeruli affected by hyalinosis to the total number of glomeruli was 0.09 +/- 0.13 in addicts and 0.005 +/- 0.01 in controls; the difference was highly significant. The degree of periglomerular fibrosis was significantly higher in cocaine addicts than in accident victims. The ratio of glomeruli to tubular casts was 0.15 +/- 0.17 in cocaine addicts and 0.17 +/- 0.18 in controls (not significant). The degree of interstitial cellular infiltration was significantly higher in addicts than controls. A monunuclear cell infiltrate was observed prevalently in the medullary region. Arteriolar sclerosis was significantly higher in addicts than controls. Medial thickening, luminal narrowing and vessel obstruction were absent in the control group. Quantitative morphometric analysis of arterial structure showed significantly greater lumen circumference, intima circumference, media circumference, intima area, media area, intima thickness and media thickness in cocaine addicts than in controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Uremia, dialysis and aluminium.

Few studies have dealt with assaying aluminium levels in different tissues of uremic patients; so far a comparison has never been made between its accumulation in the various tissues of uremic patients and controls. Aluminium levels were determined in the following biological samples: 1) 111 serum samples from hemodialysis patients and 55 serum samples from normal subjects; 2) 47 urine samples from the same dialysis patients and 45 from the controls; autopsy tissue specimens (blood, bile, brain, rib, cartilage, cranium, lung, spleen, kidney, aorta, vena cava, liver, muscle) from 12 deceased dialysis patients undergoing post-mortem diagnosis and 10 autopsy cases in which death was not associated with uremia. In living subjects, both serum and urinary levels of aluminium are significantly higher in hemodialysis patients than in controls; a significant positive correlation was found between serum and urinary levels of aluminium. In autopsy specimens, aluminium levels were higher in the dialysis group than controls for all tissues; the differences were statistically significant except in heart and urine. Tissue concentrations of aluminium in the two groups were then analysed separately both in uremic patients and controls. The highest values found in dialysis cases were in the bile, followed by blood, urine and lung; levels in the other tissues were considerably lower. In controls, the distribution was somewhat different, due to much lower levels in the liver and bile with respect to dialysis cases. Again we found surprisingly high levels in the lung. The results show that aluminium storage in uremic patients occurs in all organs and tissues, albeit to different degrees.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1996

Morphological and morphometric changes in mesothelial cells during peritoneal dialysis in the rabbit.

The morphometric and morphological changes in the mesothelial cell population were studied in rabbits in peritoneal dialysis with lactate and bicarbonate buffer solution. During dialysis the mesothelial population underwent radical changes in morphology and morphometric analysis showed a significant increase in cell size. Light microscope examination showed two types of changes: hyperplasia of the mesothelial cell with diameters of up to 80 microns, nucleus proportional to the cytoplasm, a large nucleole giving an owl's eye appearance and cytoplasm rich in granular material. The second change was multiple nuclei and arrest of cell division. Nuclear division occurred, but no separation of the cytoplasm. The cells became larger than 200 microns, packed with nuclei and relatively little cytoplasm. Electron microscopy confirmed that the hyperplastic cells had perfect structure whereas the polynucleate cells contained vacuoles and little cytoplasmic reticulum. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies SK2-27 and SK 60-61 specific to cytokeratins 14, 16, 17 and 8, 18, respectively, identified the cells as mesothelial. The changes were related to the glucose content of the peritoneal dialysis solution. Glucose is therefore the bioincompatible agent that modifies the mesothelium during peritoneal dialysis, causing it to become hyperplastic or blocking replication.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Inhaled mycotoxins lead to acute renal failure.

Mysterious deaths of archeologists after opening Egyptian tombs have been suspected, but never proved, to be secondary to inhalation of mycotoxin. We observed a case of acute renal failure (ARF) due to inhalation of ochratoxin A produced by a mould of the species Aspergillus ochraceus. After working 8 h in a granary closed for several months, a farmer and his wife suffered respiratory distress; the woman developed non-oliguric ARF and biopsy revealed tubulonecrosis. A strain of Aspergillus ochraceus producing ochratoxin was isolated from the wheat.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between mode of delivery and neonatal calcium homeostasis.

Serum levels of calcium (Ca), calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined in cord blood of 229 newborns. In 136 newborns the tests were repeated 24 h later. The probands were divided into four groups according to mode of delivery: (1) spontaneous; (2) elective caesarean section without labour; (3) elective caesarean section in labour; (4) emergency caesarean section with fetal distress. Newborns in group 2 had significantly lower Ca and CT levels and significantly higher PTH concentrations in cord blood than the other three groups. In all groups Ca and PTH concentrations were negatively correlated. At 24 h, mean Ca levels had decreased and mean CT and PTH concentrations had increased in all four groups. Newborns in group 2 still had lower Ca levels but higher CT and PTH concentrations. At that time there were negative correlations between Ca and CT levels in groups 1 and 2 and between Ca and PTH concentrations in group 1. These data demonstrate that without labour, cord blood Ca and CT levels are lower and PTH concentrations are higher. The low 24 h calcium in newborns delivered without labour is explained by the lower Ca levels at birth and a tremendous increase of CT. The PTH secretion in full-term newborns is very substantial and negatively correlated with Ca levels.

Calcitonin↗