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Biomedical subjects

G Gates

Publications and source records attributed to G Gates.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Groundwater-surface water interaction in inland New South Wales: a scoping study.

Groundwater and surface water have traditionally been managed separately in New South Wales (NSW). However, where rivers and aquifers are hydraulically connected, groundwater pumping has the potential to deplete streamflow. To highlight the major areas of connection in inland NSW, major streams were overlaid with groundwater depth data and the locations of irrigation bores. A consistent pattern was revealed related to basin geomorphology. The main areas of connection are the mid-sections of the major rivers where alluvial systems are well developed yet still narrow and constricted and groundwater depths are shallow. The mapping was validated and the processes explored by calculating water balances for a connected and disconnected reach in the Murrumbidgee River. These showed that, in highly connected reaches, river losses and/or gains are closely related to groundwater levels.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

Demographics of the gay and lesbian population in the United States: evidence from available systematic data sources.

This work provides an overview of standard social science data sources that now allow some systematic study of the gay and lesbian population in the United States. For each data source, we consider how sexual orientation can be defined, and we note the potential sample sizes. We give special attention to the important problem of measurement error, especially the extent to which individuals recorded as gay and lesbian are indeed recorded correctly. Our concern is that because gays and lesbians constitute a relatively small fraction of the population, modest measurement problems could lead to serious errors in inference. In examining gays and lesbians in multiple data sets we also achieve a second objective: We provide a set of statistics about this population that is relevant to several current policy debates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Teaching multiskilling in dietetics education.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate multiskilling in dietetics education programs, perceived benefits and barriers to multiskilling, and current and anticipated areas of cross training in the dietetics curriculum. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: A descriptive survey was conducted using a researcher-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot tested and mailed in April 1996 to the directors of all 565 accredited and approved dietetics education programs in the United States. Reminder postcards were mailed in May 1996. Responses were received from 276 program directors (48.8%). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Chi(2) analysis and analysis of variance were performed to compare responses by program type. t Tests and correlations compared responses by program size. RESULTS: Faculty and students from programs with supervised experiences were more likely to be involved with cross training and multidisciplinary teams than were faculty and students from didactic programs. Dietetic technician programs identified the smallest number of benefits and coordinated programs reported the most barriers to cross training. Programs with fewer graduates were more involved with multiskilling. Programs currently included a mean (+/-standard deviation) of 9.1+/-6.3 out of 47 possible cross-training areas in their curricula. APPLICATIONS: A number of dietetics education programs provide opportunities for students to become multiskilled or cross trained, usually during supervised practice. The challenge for educators is to continue to find innovative ways to train and prepare students for future roles and responsibilities. Dietetics practitioners, especially those who are preceptors or mentors for students, also need to consider how they will meet the demands of future practice.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of dietary risk factors for cardiovascular disease in African-American and white women.

OBJECTIVE: To compare African-American and white women's knowledge, attitudes, and energy and nutrient intakes related to cardiovascular disease risk. DESIGN: The 1989 through 1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS). SUBJECTS: A nationally representative sample of 2,684 white and 449 African-American women who completed the DHKS and provided 3 days of dietary information. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Comparisons between groups were made using t tests and chi 2 analyses. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust for age, percentage of poverty, and education. RESULTS: Significant differences in dietary risk for cardiovascular disease were identified. White women consumed significantly less cholesterol and more potassium than African-American women. African-American women had significantly lower knowledge scores, but they were more likely than white women to indicate that their diets should be lower in fat and salt and to consider nutrition very important when shopping. White women had more positive attitudes toward the impact of diet on health than African-American women. Accounting for differences between the groups in age, education, and income explained few differences between the groups. APPLICATIONS: This study identified differences in nutrient intake, knowledge, and attitudes about diet and health that can influence the willingness and ability of women to choose foods for a more healthful diet. Dietitians can use these findings to target strategies for changing behavior. For example, many African-American women acknowledge the need to change their current diets, so dietitians can help them design implementation plans or specific action plans to accomplish needed changes.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1994

Dyslipidemias in diabetic patients. Is standard cholesterol treatment appropriate?

Optimum care of diabetic patients should include screening for lipid abnormalities. The combination of high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, which is common in non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes, should be considered a separate risk factor for coronary artery disease. Pharmacologic therapy for dyslipidemias should be considered early in diabetic patients with atherosclerotic disease that has not responded to hygienic measures, including diet, exercise, and smoking cessation. Use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and gemfibrozil (Lopid) may be more appropriate for treatment of diabetic dyslipidemias than niacin or bile acid-binding resins.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

Nutrition education in Missouri schools.

This survey examined the status of nutrition education in Missouri schools, profiled teacher preparation in nutrition, and identified teacher preferences for additional nutrition education resources. Questionnaires were mailed to a systematic sample of 1,664 teachers representing different grade levels K-12 and subject areas including biological science, health, home economics, and physical education. Responses from 793 teachers indicated most integrated nutrition into other subjects such as health and science. Almost all taught the concept of food groups. Teachers expressed a need for materials on a range of concepts and preferred the videotape format. About one-third of elementary teachers reported completing a college-level nutrition course: 70% of secondary teachers had completed such a course. Results indicate the need for materials to integrate nutrition into various subjects and encourage teaching on concepts beyond the food groups.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Dietitians' human resource management skills enhanced by education and experience.

The purpose of this project was to examine the influence of education and experience on the development of human resource management skills in dietitians. The performance of 58 experienced dietitians, 67 entry-level subjects, and 63 undergraduate students was compared using a case study about a personnel problem with a dietitian. Performance was scored by comparing subjects' answers with selections of a panel of seven experienced dietetic managers. Experienced and entry-level groups had higher proficiency scores than students. Experienced and entry-level groups scored highest and students lowest in efficiency, defined as the proportion of total information containing sections chosen that contained helpful information. Experienced dietitians examined few inappropriate sections and students the most. Overall, experienced and entry-level groups performed better in this human resource management problem than students. We conclude that supervised practice is important in the development of human resource management skills.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1994

An investigation of differences in attitudes between suicidal and nonsuicidal student ideators.

Suicidal activity among youths has increased dramatically in recent years, yet little objective research in non-hospital settings has been conducted. The present study analyzed attitudes of suicidal ideator and nonideator groups at elementary, middle, and high school levels. Responses to the Student Attitude Measure (S.A.M.) were analyzed with a multivariate analysis of variance. Ideators' attitudes were found to be significantly more negative than those of nonideators. Some grade level and gender differences also were revealed. The ability of this instrument to differentiate potentially suicidal youths from their nonsuicidal peers has the potential for providing schools with a critical proactive strategy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Collaboration puts the ENB Higher Award into practice.

The ENB Framework for continuing professional education and Higher Award for nurses, midwives and health visitors was introduced in April 1992. The framework outlines 10 key characteristics to guide practitioners in the integration of theory and practice. This paper describes how a group of teachers and practitioners have applied the framework. They explain how it helps pull theoretical learning and practice together for practitioners. For educators, involvement with practitioners has helped them be more involved in practice. Three-way, or tripartite, tutorial work between the practitioner, the teacher and the facilitator in the clinical area is central to the success of this initiative.

Certification↗