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Biomedical subjects

G Gialdroni Grassi

Publications and source records attributed to G Gialdroni Grassi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Chemotherapeutic agents: aspects of their activity on natural mechanisms of defense against infections.

This review summarizes the experience gained on interactions between antimicrobial agents and some reactions of the host defense system (adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, microbicidal activity of leukocytes, complement system, antibody production, cell-mediated immunity) and attempts a critical evaluation. The data collected from the literature are often conflicting and there seem to be differences of behavior among derivatives belonging to the same family of antibiotics. Therefore it is quite difficult to draw a correct conclusion from these data. So far it has not been possible to understand the impact that the interference of antibiotics in natural and immunologic reactions of the host defense has on the outcome of chemotherapy, mainly in patients with some degree of immunodepression. In this instance, in fact, the interference with certain immunologic reactions could influence the therapeutic activity of specific antibiotics that are endowed with inhibitory activity. However, so far no controlled study or clear demonstration has shown that antibiotics with different activity on the immunologic reactions can have different efficacy in immunodepressed patients.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defective phagocyte Aspergillus killing associated with recurrent pulmonary Aspergillus infections.

An apparently healthy boy was suffering from recurrent Aspergillus infections. No classical conditions of immunodeficiency were found. Studies on the patient's phagocytic system revealed neutrophils and monocytes to function normally except in Aspergillus killing (microbicidal activity for bacteria and Candida was normal). Aspergillus killing mechanisms may be complex and peculiarly selective, possibly involving both oxygen-dependent and independent mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro activity of two new oral cephalosporins, cefixime and cefdinir (CI 983), on human peripheral mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions.

The in vitro effects of cefixime and cefdinir (CI 983), two so-called third-generation oral cephalosporin derivatives, on human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocyte functions (random migration and chemotaxis, specific and nonspecific phagocytosis, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, superoxide production, microbicidal activity) were studied. Neither antibiotic, in the range of its attainable therapeutic concentration, exhibited any toxic effect on random migration, chemotaxis, metabolic activation and microbicidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. Cefixime did not interfere in phagocytosis while cefdinir enhanced both phagocytosis frequency and index. The modulating effect on phagocytosis exerted by cefdinir was achieved at very low antibiotic concentrations (0.06 mg/l for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and 0.03 mg/l for monocytes) when non-opsonized zymosan particles were used as phagocytic challenge. Moreover, the effect was demonstrated both in the presence of cefdinir and after pretreatment of cells with the antibiotic and its removal by washings. As for specific phagocytosis, parameters were slightly increased by cefdinir but only the phagocytosis index was significantly improved in the presence of 2 mg/l of antibiotic.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activity of an ampicillin/sulbactam combination in respiratory infections].

The combination of sulbactam (S) plus ampicillin (A) extends the activity of ampicillin (Amp) against beta-lactamase producing strains. This combination is therefore useful in many clinical situations including LRTI. A clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of S-Amp in LRTI in comparison with Amp alone. Concerning clinical outcome the results were satisfactory in 83.3% of cases for S-Amp group and 82.3% of cases for Amp group. Pathogen eradication was achieved in 87.5% and 70.5% of cases respectively for the S-Amp and Amp group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro antibacterial activity of neomycin, bacitracin and a combination of both].

Bacitracin and neomycin have been used for a long time for local intestinal antisepsis or decontamination, due to their scarce or nonexistent intestinal absorption. The aim of the present study was to determine the activity of bacitracin and neomycin against recent clinical isolates of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and to verify their capacity to have a synergistic effect and to prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance when in combination. The results showed that the activity of either antibiotic against recent clinical isolates (even if resistant to cephalosporins and aminoglycosides) is similar to that originally displayed at the time introduction in therapy. Generally the combination of the two antibiotics showed a synergistic or additive effect and prevented the selection of resistant strains.

Bacitracin↗