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Biomedical subjects

G Gilli

Publications and source records attributed to G Gilli.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Fanconi-Bickel syndrome.

Clinical, biochemical, functional and morphological data are presented in nine infants, children and adults, with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome. Long-term follow-up studies show severe growth retardation, partly compensated for by late onset of puberty. Glomerular filtration rate is normal or slightly decreased. Renal tubular dysfunction is characterized by a specific pattern of impaired proximal tubular transport mechanisms, with marked impairment of glucose transport. The utilization of glucose and galactose is defective, whereas fructose metabolism seems to be normal. Glycogenosis of the liver may be an epiphenomenon. Glycogen accumulation in the kidney is limited to the proximal tubule, with maximal levels in the straight part. The Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a defined clinical entity which is distinguished from other inherited metabolic diseases by complex defects of renal tubular transport and other forms of glycogenosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

"High-dose" calcitriol for control of renal osteodystrophy in children on CAPD.

High doses of calcitriol were used prospectively for 11 to 29 months to raise serum calcium levels in an effort to control renal osteodystrophy in 16 children undergoing CAPD. Serum Ca, P, iPTH and alkaline phosphatase were measured monthly; hand radiographs were obtained every six months, and a semiquantitative score of bone abnormalities was evaluated by two independent observers. During the study, serum Ca increased from 9.9 +/- 0.9 to 11.0 +/- 0.6 mg/dl (P less than 0.001); serum iPTH decreased by 113 +/- 131 microliter Eq/ml (P less than 0.005); serum P was unchanged; and serum alkaline phosphatase fell by 33 +/- 46% (P less than 0.02), 530 +/- 397 to 204 +/- 551 IU/liter. The radiographic score fell from 4.8 +/- 4.6 to 0.9 +/- 1.2 (P less than 0.005). The average and maximal doses of calcitriol were 0.61 +/- 0.37 and 0.95 +/- 0.56 microgram/day or 28 +/- 18 and 46 +/- 28 ng/kg body wt/day, respectively. Transient and asymptomatic hypercalcemia occurred in nine patients and two patients had reversible conjunctivitis in association with the hypercalcemia. Thus, "high dose" calcitriol prevented or controlled progression of hyperparathyroid bone disease in most pediatric CAPD patients. The failure to suppress PTH or reverse secondary hyperparathyroidism until the serum Ca rose to 10.5 to 11.0 mg/dl could reflect an increase in the "set point" for PTH suppression by serum calcium in many uremic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Stereochemical features controlling binding and intrinsic activity properties of benzodiazepine-receptor ligands.

Benzodiazepine-receptor ligands belong to several different chemical classes. All of them bind to the receptor but display a variety of biological effects ranging from agonist to inverse agonist to antagonist. The properties of the most representative compounds for each class are briefly reviewed as concerns their receptor binding affinities, gamma-aminobutyric acid ratios, photoaffinity labeling ratios, and pharmacological properties. Their geometries, as obtained by X-ray crystallography, are discussed and missing crystal and molecular structures of two of them (zopiclone and CL 218-872) are reported. Binding and intrinsic activity properties of series of benzodiazepines and beta-carbolines are extensively analyzed and correlated with their molecular structures. A general stereochemical model accounting for both binding abilities and kinds of biochemical and pharmacological activities for all benzodiazepine-receptor ligands is proposed. This is based on the assumption of a rather diffuse and substantially planar recognition site where the main drug-receptor interactions are mediated by the drug carbonylic or iminic groups via hydrogen bonding and the observed differences in pharmacological profiles are accounted for by the different localization of the different ligands inside this unique binding site.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Crystallographic and conformational studies on histamine H1-receptor antagonists. IV. On the stereochemical vector of antihistaminic activity.

The geometries of 14 histamine H1-receptor antagonists have been compared with the aim of finding out a common stereochemical vector of antihistaminic activity. The results obtained from X-ray crystallographic data have been compared with those obtained by minimizing the conformational energy of the molecules according to a simplified model of force field. Both approaches agree in indicating unique stereochemical requirements for optimum H1-antihistaminic activity.

Crystallography↗
PubMed1985

Adult height in paediatric patients with chronic renal failure.

Forty-nine paediatric patients at different stages of chronic renal failure were followed until adult height was attained. Mean age at completion of growth was close to normal. Adult height was evaluated against population-specific standards. It was less than 2 SD under the mean in two of 18 patients on conservative treatment, five of 18 during dialysis and none of 13 after transplantation, but correlation with mode of treatment did not reach significance. These findings contradict previous data stating that most of these children become small adults. Although analysis of the data suggests that many children with renal failure remain below their genetic potential of growth, final stunting appears infrequent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Concentrations of nitrates in drinking water and incidence of gastric carcinomas: first descriptive study of the Piemonte Region, Italy.

A descriptive epidemiological research, within the Piemonte Region was carried out, to consider whether there is an association between concentrations of nitrates in drinking water and the incidence of gastric carcinomas. The results indicate that an association does exist, but also that concentrations of nitrates higher than 20 mg/l in drinking water are a risk factor for people exposed.

Female↗
PubMed1984

The nature of 1,4-benzodiazepines/receptor interactions.

A general survey of receptor binding affinity data for 1,4-benzodiazepines, associated with the results of crystal structure determinations, quantum-mechanical calculations, structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetic data, leads the authors to propose a new scheme for benzodiazepine-receptor interactions. 1,4-Benzodiazepines would interact with positively charged receptor sites by means of two hydrogen bonds accepted respectively by the carbonyl oxygen at position 2 and by the N4 atom of the diazepine ring. A third point of interaction would be given by the phenyl ring at C5 which would fit almost exactly in a hydrophobic pocket of the receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Prediction of adult height in children with chronic renal insufficiency.

The ability to accurately predict adult height (AH) has important implications for the management of children with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Serial predictions of AH were performed for 22 pediatric patients with CRI of variable duration and severity using the Tanner predictive method. The patients were followed until completion of growth. At the first predictions, the prediction error (PE) was within an acceptable range of +/- 2 cm in 59% of the patients. The mean size of the PE was 2.7 cm. It was larger in 7 patients with a bone age up to 11 years (4.9 cm) as compared to 15 patients with more advanced bone age (1.7 cm) and also larger in males (3.4 cm) than in females (2.4 cm). There was no correlation between size or direction of PE and (1) mode of treatment and (2) time elapsed between the first prediction and age at AH. A significant association was found between the direction of PE and the relative change in body height from the first prediction to adult age. Patients with decreasing SD scores were overpredicted and those with increasing SD scores were underpredicted at the initial assessment. Serial predictions gave large variations only in 2 girls who presented with unusual growth patterns. These results indicate that the method applied allows a reliable prognosis of future growth in most children with CRI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Proposals for the surveillance of persons exposed to aromatic amines].

The AA present the results of an epidemiological investigation in a rubber factory, where aromatic amines are used. Environmental monitoring allowed to acquired informations about environmental concentrations of aromatic amines, to identify their physical condition and so to individuate a map risk in this factory. The biological monitoring was conducted to acquire epidemiological information from archives of usual biological check up. The AA propose a methodology for epidemiological survey of people exposed to aromatic amines.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic aspects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with reference to energy-protein input and growth.

Glucose utilization from the dialysate of up to 140 g/day was found during CAPD therapy in 5 children on short and long term studies. The energy input via the dialysate was associated with increased insulin secretion as indicated by the daily insulin response calculated from analyzing the area under the insulin curve during 5 daily exchanges of dialysate. After 6 months glucose tolerance was normal with normal values for early and late insulin response as well as for glucose disappearance rate during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Nitrogen balance on free diets (energy input 100% RDA and protein input 133% RDA) showed that CAPD is an anabolic technique since the balance was positive when measured during 42 days out of 12 months in each child. Growth was normal in one boy and in addition a girl reached her final height; it was unsatisfactory in the other children. It is concluded that CAPD is an anabolic technique which favourably affects many factors associated with growth retardation in children with end stage renal failure and therefore it represents an interesting tool for defining a more rationale approach for research in this field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Environmental pollutants and karyologic effects. Usefulness of environmental and biological monitoring].

The results of a study carried out on a group of workers exposed to numerous pollutants (HCl, NaOH, ZnCl2, Sn, Pb, ecc.) in an industrial environment are reported. The research was broken down into two parts: 1) drawing up of a map of environmental pollution; 2) evaluation of the biological exposure of individuals submitted to control. The blood level of Pb was assessed in chosen subjects as a biological indicator of exposure and, at the same time, lymphocyte cultures were prepared in order to highlight any increase in chromosome exchanges and chromosome aberrations.

Air Pollutants↗