Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Giudice.
In situ hybridization experiments with a labeled DNA probe indicate that the ability to respond to heat shock with the production of the mRNA for the 70 kd heat shock protein is segregated into the ectodermal cells already at the gastrula stage or earlier during the embryonic development of Paracentrotus lividus.
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Embryos dissociated into cells retain the stage-specific response to heat shock. The dissociated cells, irrespectively of whether they are reaggregated or not, undergo the developmental changes in their ability to respond to heat shock, at the same time as the entire embryos. The conclusion of the present experiments is that sea urchin embryonic cells become responsive to heat shock and produce heat shock proteins even in the absence of cell interactions.
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The production of heat-shock proteins in sea urchin embryos is accompanied by the appearance at the polysomal level of their relative mRNAs, as shown by their translation in a cell-free system; thus suggesting that the regulation of their production occurs at a transcriptional level. The mechanism for the inhibition of the bulk protein synthesis and for its reversal on the other hand should be looked for at a posttranscriptional level, since both these phenomena occur also in the presence of actinomycin D. The heat-shock proteins produced as early as at the mesenchyme blastula stage persist within the embryo at least till the pluteus stage.
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When dissociated blastula cells of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were prevented from aggregating by extracting them with 2.5% n-butanol in sea water, they became unable to incorporate labelled thymidine, like over-diluted dissociated cells. If, however, cells were prevented from aggregating by the addition of Fab against plasma membranes, thymidine incorporation was not blocked, but increased compared to that of spontaneously aggregating cells. At the same time amino acid incorporation also increased.
Heating at 31 degrees C produces in sea urchin gastrulae a general and severe inhibition of the protein synthesis together with a marked increase in the rate of synthesis of one or very few classes of specific proteins.
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Paracentrotus lividus embryos were continuously labeled with P32 from hatching blastula to pluteus. The archenteron cells were then separated from the rest of the embryo and the radioactivity accumulated into the ribosomal RNA of the two cell groups measured. The results clearly indicate that the bulk of ribosomal RNA is mainly if not entirely, synthesized in this time interval by the archenteron cells.
Attention is drawn to the pressing need to establish out-patient departments for anaesthesia and anaesthesiological treatment within anaesthesia, resuscitation and intensive therapy services. In addition to offering specialist services, such as anaesthesiological therapy, and such services as may be in keeping with the local situation, such departments should be engaged in research, and towards the provision of preoperative anaesthesiological management prior to admission, on behalf of patients undergoing surgery of choice, so as to cut down the overlong period of preoperative stay. An assessment is made of the economic and social benefits of such departments, particularly in the light of the experience gained from similar structures that have long been in use in other countries.
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Paracentrotus lividus embryos at the hatching blastula stage very quickly incorporate radioactivity from labeled nucleosides (except uridine) or 32P- or methyl-labeled methionine into a portion of the RNA that has been identified as a "cap". The most probable sequence of this cap is m7G (5') ppp (5')mAmpCp. A very active "capping" and methylation of the "cap" of preexisting RNA molecules was shown to occur at the blastula stage.