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Biomedical subjects

G Giuliana

Publications and source records attributed to G Giuliana.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Genotyping and antifungal susceptibility of human subgingival Candida albicans isolates.

Subgingival colonization by Candida albicans has been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, but subgingival isolates have scarcely been characterized, particularly with respect to genotype and antifungal susceptibility. A series of 29 subgingival strains of C. albicans isolated from nine HIV-infected individuals was typed by electrophoretic karyotyping and tested for susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, the new investigational triazole posaconazole and amphotericin B. DNA typing showed genetic heterogeneity within subgingival isolates, as almost every individual harbored his/her own specific isolate. Genetic identity was usually demonstrated within oral and subgingival isolates simultaneously collected from the same individual, but a number of DNA types were found to be unique to subgingival strains. These findings suggest that colonization is not just the result of Candida spreading from oral surfaces, and that subgingivally adapted strains could be involved. All isolates were susceptible to all the triazole drugs tested and amphotericin B. Additional studies on subgingival Candida colonization and further characterization of subgingival isolates are now required to clarify the role of Candida as opportunistic periodontal pathogen.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of antimicrobial mouthrinses on the in vitro adhesion of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells.

Adhesion to epithelial cells is a critical step in successful oral colonization and infection by Candida albicans. Therefore, three mouthrinse products, containing chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05% (CPC) or triclosan 0.045% (TRN), were compared for their effects on the in vitro adhesion of C. albicans to human buccal epithelial cells (BEC). Candidal adhesion appeared to be significantly reduced by oral rinsing with the CHX-containing mouthrinse (P<0.0001). In vivo exposure of BEC to the CPC mouthrinse also inhibited adhesion of C. albicans (P<0.0001). Both CHX and CPC products suppressed adhesion to the same extent (P>0.01). On the other hand, the TRN mouthrinse did not significantly affect epithelial adhesion of C. albicans (P>0.01). These findings suggest that mouthrinses containing CHX or CPC could be of value in the control of candidal colonization and infection. Clinical trials are warranted on the effectiveness of these products in reducing oral Candida carriage.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of dietary carbohydrates on the in vitro epithelial adhesion of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei.

Adhesion to epithelial surfaces is considered as a critical step in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis. Therefore, the effects of the most commonly consumed dietary carbohydrates on the adhesion of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei to monolayered HeLa cells were investigated. Adherence of C. albicans and C. tropicalis appeared significantly promoted by incubation in defined medium containing a high concentration (500 mM) of fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose (p < 0.001). C. albicans organisms grown in sucrose elicited maximal increase in adhesion, whereas adhesion of C. tropicalis and C. krusei was enhanced to the greatest extent when cultured in glucose. Maltose and fructose also promoted adherence of C. albicans and C. tropicalis (p < 0.001), but to a lesser extent than sucrose and glucose. On the other hand, sorbitol-grown yeasts demonstrated a marginal increase in adhesion (p > 0.01). Xylitol only significantly reduced adherence of C. albicans (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the frequent consumption of carbohydrates, such as sucrose, glucose, maltose, or fructose, might represent a risk factor for oral candidosis. The limitation of their consumption by substituting xylitol or sorbitol could be of value in the control of oral Candida colonization and infection.

Candida↗
PubMed1999

In vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against Candida species.

OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial mouthrinses may represent a valid alternative to topical antifungal agents. However, the action of antimicrobials could be affected by the different ingredients incorporated into mouthrinse products. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal and fungicidal activities of antimicrobials alone. STUDY DESIGN: A broth macrodilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 antimicrobial agents against Candida species. Minimum fungicidal concentration was also determined. RESULTS: All antimicrobials showed antifungal activity against all tested organisms, but cetylpyridinium chloride received significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (P < .005). Cetylpyridinium chloride also showed a greater fungicidal activity than chlorhexidine digluconate and hexetidine (P< .005), whereas sanguinarine chloride appeared to be less fungicidal against most of the isolates tested. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cetylpyridinium chloride may be used as a topical antifungal agent. Clinical trials are now required to assess its value in the management of oral candidosis.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1998

Antifungal activity of chlorhexidine containing mouthrinses. An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Oral candidosis has emerged as an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients because oral cavity represents an important port of entry for systemic fungal infections. METHODS: The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of 5 commercial mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine (CHX). The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against six species of yeasts was determined by a broth macrodilution method. The kill-time of mouthrinses at half the concentration of the commercial formulations was also determined. RESULTS: MFCs were achieved with each mouthrinses against all the organisms under test. However, significant differences in MFC values were found for Ebur Os in comparison with Dentosan, Corsodyl and Plak out (p < 0.001). Kill-times of Corsodyl and Dentosan were less than or equal to 120 sec with all the species of yeasts, except Torulopsis glabrata. Significant differences were found in kill-time values between Dentosan and Broxo Din only (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CHX-containing mouthrinses may represent an appropriate alternative to conventional antifungal drugs in the management of oral candidosis. Effectiveness in preventing systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients requires further in vivo studies.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1997

Occurrence of invading bacteria in radicular dentin of periodontally diseased teeth: microbiological findings.

Bacterial invasion in roots of periodontally diseased teeth, which has been recently documented using cultural and microscopic techniques, may be important in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the occurrence and the species of invading bacteria in radicular dentin of periodontally diseased teeth. Samples were taken from the middle layer of radicular dentin of 26 periodontally diseased teeth. 14 healthy teeth were used as controls. Dentin samples were cultured anaerobically. The chosen methodology allowed the determination of the numbers of bacteria present in both deeper and outer part of dentinal tubules, and the bacterial concentration in dentin samples, expressed as colony forming units per mg of tissue (CFU/mg). Invading bacteria was detected in 14 (53.8%) samples from periodontally diseased teeth. The bacterial concentration ranged from 831.84 to 11971.3 CFU/mg (mean+/-standard deviation: 3043.15+/-2763.13). Micro-organisms identified included putative periodontal pathogens such as Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides forsythus, Peptostreptococcus micros and Streptococcus intermedius. These findings suggest that radicular dentin could act as bacterial reservoir from which periodontal pathogens can recolonize treated periodontal pockets, contributing to the failure of therapy and recurrence of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

In vitro antifungal properties of mouthrinses containing antimicrobial agents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal properties of seven commercial mouthrinses containing antimicrobial agents. These included cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), hexetidine (HEX), sanguinarine (SNG), and triclosan (TRN). The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against six species of yeasts was determined by a broth macrodilution method. The kill-time of mouthrinses at half the concentration of the commercial formulations was also determined. MFCs were achieved with each mouthrinse, except the SNG-containing mouthrinse, against all the organisms being tested. However, the CPC-containing mouthrinse appeared more active than the other products (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in MFC values among CHX mouthrinse products, once adjusted for initial concentration differences (P = 0.1). Kill-times of mouthrinses containing either CHX or CPC were less than or equal to 180 seconds with all the species of yeasts, and no significant differences were found among these products (P = 0.18). On the other hand, mouthrinses containing either TRN or HEX did not show a lethal effect on Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, or Candida guilliermondii. No kill-times were achieved with the SNG-containing mouthrinse. These results suggest that mouthrinses containing antimicrobial agents might represent an appropriate alternative to conventional antifungal drugs in the management of oral candidiasis. However, the effectiveness of antimicrobial mouthrinses as antifungal agents needs to be evaluated in further clinical trials.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1996

[Saliva and periodontal disease].

Bacteria and saliva play a very important role in the arising of the oral diseases. It must be considered that the saliva gives the nutriments for the bacteria, and it is able to influence the adhesive mechanisms, and to escape these bacteria. The interaction between the saliva and the host is unknown, but it is well-known in vitro, through the oral ecological systems principles. The authors reviewed several works about the salivary components and their role so in vivo, either in vitro. In this work, first the authors looked for these salivary components, and then, examined the interactions between the saliva, the plaque and the bacteria. So the saliva is a fundamental component in the ecologic succession, and it is nearly related to the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. Finally a best knowledge of the saliva role and its components in the periodontitis is very interesting, because some salivary components allow the root surfaces colonization, exposed to the oral fluid and they give the possibility to use salivary components as markers of any disease.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1995

Cementum growth in impacted teeth.

The authors present a study on the cementum of impacted teeth. It was not possible to correlate the thickness of the cementum and the age of the patients. Significant differences were found, on the other hand, between the thickness and distribution of the cementum in different teeth. Third molars showed in almost all cases an increase in the thickness of cementum.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The effects of ultramicronized synthetic hydroxyapatite on the etched enamel. An in-vitro study with computerized analysis].

The authors studied in vitro effects produced by etching (37% H3PO4) 80 microns thick teeth sections and the following application of H.A.u.m (Apagen). The changes of the superficial and lower layers were investigated by gray level alterations of section images. The changes were investigated by using a computerized image analysis system, by pseudocolors, standard deviation of gray levels and by calculating the surface rate affected by significative alteration. Etching application increased extension of high gray level zones. Pseudocolors showed 35 microns depth alterations. the evaluation of standard deviation means that major changes affected superficial layers; the evaluation of the extension of low gray levels zones showed a restoration of the pretreatment optical pattern. The results of this study demonstrate that H.A.u.m. (Apagen) applications are able to remineralize both superficial and lower layers of etched enamel.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1989

[In vitro analysis of diffusion through radicular tissue of paraformaldehyde contained in a paste commonly used in endodontics].

The aim of the study was to show how paraformaldehyde contained in a preparation normally used in endodontic therapy spreads through the root tissues. The results reveal that paraformaldehyde has the same particular tendency as formaldehyde to spread in the periapex, maximum levels are reached after 48 hours and tend to decrease after 72 and 96 hours.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Giant hydatid of the left lung].

A case of giant hydatid cyst of the left lung submitted to conservative surgery is reported. The postoperative period was complicated by the appearance of a bronchopleural fistula and a residual cavity. The complication was treated with targeted double lumen drainage which enabled pleuroclysis with saline solution and betadine. The closure of the fistula, the elision of the cavity and recovery were accomplished after 95 days. These results demonstrate that conservative surgery is possible even in the presence of giant lung hydatid cyst. Major resections constitute an extreme measure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Request of dental care and periodontal treatment needs in a population sample of Palermo].

BACKGROUND: The organisation of periodontal health prevention programmes must take into account the public level of awareness of the periodontal diseases. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the relationships between the request of dental care and the periodontal treatment needs in a population sample of Palermo. METHODS: The study population consisted of 554 out-patients, consecutively examined during 18 months (January 1999 to June 2000) at the Palermo University Department of Oral Sciences. All participants answered a written questionnaire concerning the cause for the request of dental care and periodontal symptoms. Periodontal treatment needs were assessed using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). RESULTS: Statistical analysis (Chi-Square Test, Fisher's Exact Test) showed significant discrepancies between the request of dental care and the periodontal treatment needs, poor awareness of periodontal diseases and low perception of their symptoms by the patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings showed that the awareness of periodontal diseases by the population examined is poor. This could be due either to the lack or failure of public education programmes on periodontal health. Yet, it could be related to an inadequate dentists' awareness of the periodontal diseases. Such findings should be considered in the planning of periodontal health programmes in relation to the population of Palermo.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Smoking cessation counselling and dental team].

The aim of this paper was to present specific strategies to guide dental professionals providing smoking cessation interventions. Original papers, reviews and current guidelines on this subject, published in English from 2001 to the first semester of 2005, were located in the MEDLINE/Pubmed database. Additional publications were obtained by searching the reference lists of retrieved studies. The "Five A's" strategic approach represents a brief and effective protocol for smoking cessation that members of dental team can use with all patients in their office practice. Intensive interventions, more effective than brief ones, can be further adopted with any smokers willing to make a quit attempt. All patients attempting to quit should also be encouraged to use the approved pharmacotherapy agents, including nicotine patch, nicotine gum, nicotine inhaler, nicotine nasal spray, and bupropion sustained released. These medications significantly increase success rates and offer valuable assistance in the reduction of nicotine withdrawal symptoms. The evidence presented supports the efficacy of smoking cessation counselling by oral health professionals. Dentists and dental hygienists, therefore, should be trained on smoking cessation counselling and dental offices should incorporate this service into routine patient care.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Motivation for seeking periodontal care in a Palermo population].

The Authors find a disagreement between symptomatology referred by patients and clinical pictures of pathology observed by sanitary operators. For instance a large percentage of patients considers bleending less important than the presence of calcolus. It is necessary a better information and secondary prevention increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adamantinoma from odontogenic cysts].

The observation of an adamantinoma's case propped up an odontogenic cyst to check the complicated histogenic problem connected to this eventuality. After considering several theories they suppose a probable derivation from the odontogenic epithelium that has undoubted potentiality.

Adult↗