Biomedical subjects

G Glikmann

Publications and source records attributed to G Glikmann.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1989

Subclinical measles infection in vaccinated seropositive individuals in arctic Greenland.

Measles vaccination was performed in the arctic district of Scoresbysund, Greenland in 1968, which had never been exposed to natural measles. More than 90% of the total population was vaccinated and a 94-100% seroconversion was obtained. During a serological survey to examine the immunity status of the vaccinees, it was discovered that a temporary increase in measles antibodies took place in the majority of the population 2-4 years after the vaccination. This was not accompanied by clinically observed measles. Most likely, it was due to an inapparent measles infection in a population considered highly immune after vaccination.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Prevalence of IgG-antibodies to mumps and measles virus in non-vaccinated children.

The prevalence of mumps and measles IgG antibodies in a randomly selected population of children was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before routine measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination was introduced in Denmark. Testing of sera from about 2,520 Danish children between one and 17 years of age showed that mumps antibodies were acquired at an early age. The peak acquisition rate was between the ages of four and five; before the age of 15, 90% of children had antibodies to mumps. Immunity to measles occurred at an even earlier age; more than 50% of four-year-old and nearly all (98%) nine-year-old children had IgG antibodies to measles virus. The study showed that about 10% of the young adult Danish population was still susceptible to mumps infection whereas only about 1% of individuals at age 17 had not acquired immunity to measles virus.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Intratypic differentiation of poliovirus strains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): poliovirus type 2 and poliovirus type 3.

A double-antibody sandwich ELISA was developed for the detection of antigenic differences between wild and vaccine-derived strains of poliovirus type 2 and poliovirus type 3. Antibodies were prepared in rabbits by immunization with purified antigens of vaccine strains (type 2: Sabin P712, and type 3: Sabin Leon) and wild type strains (type 2: MEF, and type 3: Pool 30). Immunoblotting analysis of all antisera demonstrated that the IgG antibodies raised in rabbits have specificity towards the main structural proteins (Vp1, Vp2 and Vp3) of poliovirus. IgG fractions were purified from antisera by affinity chromatography, on a protein A-activated Sepharose 4B column. Purified IgG antibodies were used for coating of microtest plates (catching antibodies). The same reagents labelled with horseradish peroxidase were used as conjugates, after cross-adsorption with antigens of the same type heterologous virus strains (strain-specific conjugates). 29 poliovirus type 2 strains and 73 poliovirus type 3 strains isolated from clinical samples, were differentiated intratypically, as vaccine-derived or wild types, no intermediate strains were found and all samples tested fell in two distinct (vaccine/wild) categories. As little as 40 ng of poliovirus antigens was detected in stool samples from healthy children or from polio patients cultivated in monkey kidney tissue cultures. Preparation of strain specific conjugates did not require large amounts of poliovirus antigens. The developed ELISA, which is economic and capable of (1) detection of low amounts of poliovirus antigens in cultivated clinical samples, and (2) intratypic differentiation of poliovirus antigens as either vaccine-derived or wild type, is therefore well suited for large scale screening of poliovirus isolates.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1986

Detection of specific immunoglobulin M to mumps virus in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with acute mumps infection, using an antibody-capture enzyme immunoassay.

An immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture immunoassay using peroxidase-labelled mumps antibodies is described and its suitability for the practical diagnosis of acute mumps infection is evaluated. All 45 patients with confirmed mumps infection showed specific mumps IgM antibodies in their sera. Similarly, mumps IgM antibodies were detected in cerebrospinal fluid samples and sera from 12 patients with meningitis. Among these patients 8 had positive mumps virus isolates from the cerebrospinal fluid and 4 had not. Conversely, mumps IgM antibodies were detected neither in 418 serum samples from adult patients expected to be negative for mumps IgM, nor in 184 cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with various central nervous system symptoms, nor in sera from 10 patients with high levels of IgM-rheumatoid factor. Among 20 patients with respiratory illness caused by parainfluenza type-1 virus none showed an IgM mumps antibody response. In 99% of cases with acute mumps infection the IgM-ELISA gave a positive result in the first available serum samples most of which were negative for CF and mumps IgG antibodies. The virus proteins which take part in the IgM-ELISA test immune reaction are mainly the nucleoprotein and to a lesser extent the membrane protein. The IgM-ELISA method, which can be performed in 6 hours, offers a reliable, sensitive and rapid alternative to routine methods for the diagnosis of acute mumps infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1986

Serological diagnosis of mumps and parainfluenza type-1 virus infections by enzyme immunoassay, with a comparison of two different approaches for detection of mumps IgG antibodies.

Two solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for detection of mumps IgG antibodies, viz., indirect ELISA and catching-antibodies (C.A.)-ELISA, are described and the results obtained with both assays are compared with each other and with the conventional complement-fixation (CF) test. In the indirect method, mumps antigens are used for coating the wells of the microtest plates, whereas in the C.A.-ELISA method mumps antigens are selectively bound to rabbit anti-mumps antibodies coated surfaces. A positive correlation was found between the optical density (O.D.) values given by both ELISA assays and CF-antibody titers. The ELISA assays showed improved sensitivity compared to the CF test, since 54% (C.A.-ELISA) and 33% (Indirect-ELISA) of additional positive reactions were detected by these assays. In terms of specificity, however, only the C.A.-ELISA was superior to CF, since significant rises of IgG-antibodies were detected only in paired sera of mumps patients. Conversely, when the indirect method was used significant IgG antibody rises were demonstrated in paired sera from mumps patients and in serum pairs of six patients with parainfluenza type-1 virus infection. With the CF test, heterologous antibodies responses were demonstrated in 2 of these patients. Absorption experiments of mumps sera with mumps and parainfluenza virus strains demonstrated that the IgG antibodies detected by the C.A.-ELISA are specific for mumps virus and therefore interference due to heterologous antibody responses were not observed. Results with purified mumps virus proteins demonstrated that the antigen-antibody reactions that partake in the C.A.-ELISA are mainly associated with the nucleoprotein antigen. Detection of IgG-antibodies to parainfluenza virus type-1 was assessed by ELISA (paraflu-T1-ELISA) using only the indirect approach. The results obtained with this assay showed improved sensitivity compared to a paraflu T1-CF test, since 47% of additional positive reactions were demonstrated by ELISA. In terms of specificity, however, heterologous antibody responses were detected by both the ELISA and the CF test in 4 out of 20 patients with mumps infections.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1979

A solid-phase, polyclonal IgM-RF binding assay for circulating immune complexes.

A polyclonal IgM-RF-binding assay (pRF-BA) for the detection of circulating immune complexes (IC) is described. The method is based on the competitive binding of heat-treated iodinated IgG (deltaIgG) and naturally occurring IC to solid phase IgM-RF. The sensitivity limit of the assay was 300--400 ng deltaIgG/ml dilute serum. The coefficient of variation for the assay varied from 6 to 12% of the total binding when deltaIgG concentrations up to 1 microgram/ml were measured. One hundred and six patient sera were examined for IC occurrence and significant differences (p less than 0.01) were observed between 30 normal control sera and sera from SLE, sarcoidosis and glomerulonephritis patients. About 40% of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) gave IC-positive reactions with samples taken 5 to 10 days after the infarction. The kinetics of IC appearance was studied in AMI patients by the pRF-BA and three complement-dependent assays. IC appearance was registered in the RF assay 5 to 12 days after the rise in ASAT enzyme values and the IC reactivity corresponded to complexes ranging from 2 to 5 x 10(6) in molecular weight.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Circulating immune complexes, free antigen and alpha 1-antitrypsin in levels in sarcoidosis patients.

Consecutive serum samples from 26 sarcoidosis patients were examined for circulating immune complex (IC) activity. Fifteen (58%) gave IC-positive reactions in a complement consumption (CC) test and a significant difference as regards anticomplementary was observed when comparing patients in clinical stages 2 and 1 respectively (P less than 0.01) The serum alpha 1-antitrypsin levels were not correlated (r=0.36) to the results of the CC-assay. The duration of IC-occurrence was studied, by two IC-assays, over 1 1/2 to 2 years. The majority of the positive reactions were registered in patients in clinical stage 2. Isolated IC was used for immunization of rabbits. Absorbed immune sera produced a single precipitate of postalbumin mobility with seven out of 36 sarcoidosis sera. In two cases a tailing of the recipitate suggested that the antigen was in complex formation. Immunoelectrophoresis indicated identity between the antigen detected in different sarcoidosis sera. No precipitates were observed using 130 sera from other patients, and screening of 100 blood donors revealed one positive reaction. The antigen, which eluted in the first protein peak on Sephadex G-200, has not been identified serologically.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Immune complexes in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis suffering from chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

12 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa and presenting multiple precipitins in serum against this bacterium and 12 patients without P. aeruginosa infection were examined for occurrence of soluble immune complexes in their sputum sol phase by a complement consumption assay and a solid phase rheumatoid factor binding assay. The correlation between the results obtained in the two assays was significant (r = 0.625, p less than 0.01). The patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa showed a significantly (p less than 0.01) higher frequency of immune complex activity in their sputum sol phase, as compared to the patients without P. aeruginosa lung infection. These findings point to the possibility that chronic lung infection with mucoid P. aeruginosa in CF may be an immune complex disease.

Adolescent↗