Biomedical subjects

G Gluth

Publications and source records attributed to G Gluth.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Nicotine gum assisted group therapy in smokers with an increased risk of coronary disease--evaluation in a primary care setting format.

Smoking cessation with the aid of nicotine chewing gum in a primary care setting format is reported to be more effective when additional behavioural training is introduced. We developed a standardized comprehensive treatment programme using nicotine chewing gum (Nicorette 2 mg) in conjunction with nutritional information for the prevention of weight gain, behavioural training for the promotion of self-management techniques and the prescription of a date when to quit. The programme was conducted by 11 family physicians in a group setting format with 12 weekly 90 min sessions and three booster sessions. After an introduction to the programme, each physician selected smokers with additional risk factors for coronary heart disease from the files. Experimental and control subjects were matched for age, gender, cigarette consumption and duration since smoking onset. Complete data were obtained from 86 treated and 53 control subjects. The drop-out rate among the treated subjects was 5.8%. After the 3 month follow-up, data assessment shows an abstinence rate of 63.9% in the experimental subjects, a fact verified by CO measurements. Compared to the control group, blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol and glucose levels did not change significantly during treatment. Weight increased by 1.7 kg. After a 12 month follow-up, abstention rates decreased to 52.3%. Abstainers reported less physical complaints and increased well-being when compared to control subjects or to treatment failures at both follow-up assessments. Changes in the risk profile, apart from smoking, were not verified.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

A comparison of physiological changes in carp, Cyprinus carpio, induced by several pollutants at sublethal concentrations. I. The dependency on exposure time.

Carp were exposed to 10 different pollutants at sublethal concentrations for 6, 24, or 72 hr. Blood, liver, and white muscle samples were taken after the exposure time together with samples of control handled fish. Serum concentrations of glucose, cortisol protein, and cholesterol were determined. Similarly, the liver and muscle glycogen contents were measured. The effects of the following pollutants were examined: aldrin (100 micrograms/liter), atrazine (100 micrograms/liter), DDT (50 micrograms/liter), dieldrin (20 micrograms/liter), endrin (2 micrograms/liter), hexachlorbenzene (100 micrograms/liter), lindane (100 micrograms/liter), methanol (1 ml/liter), 4-N-phenol (100 micrograms/liter), toluene (100 microliters/liter). The rises in serum glucose and cortisol were the most frequent changes occurring after exposure to the pollutants. A decline in plasma protein and cholesterol content was also often observed. Liver glycogen concentration increased first in most cases and was reduced after longer exposure. Muscle glycogen was affected differently, sometimes reduced by exposure to the pollutants. The experimental design allows for the gradual increase in toxicity of the pollutants used regarding the applied concentrations. Furthermore, the aim of the paper is to evaluate the tests for proof of toxicity of those chemicals. The determination of serum glucose and cortisol levels can be proposed as mostly useful. The clearest changes in all parameters were found after treatment with 100 micrograms/liter atrazine and 50 micrograms/liter DDT. When serum glucose and cortisol concentrations were quickly elevated, signs for exhaustion could be seen after 72 hr of exposure.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Accumulation of pollutants in fish.

The amount of radioactivity which derived from 14C-labeled pollutants was determined in liver, kidney, intestine, blood, muscle and gills of carp, exposed for 6, 24 and 72 hr to high external concentrations of urea, methanol, atrazine and PCP. The results allowed one to calculate roughly the uptake rate for these compounds. It was low for urea (0.055 micrograms/g per hr), higher for methanol (0.12) and atrazine (0.16) and highest for PCP (1.5). The bioaccumulation factors (BFs) were determined for the different substances and organs. They correlated with the hydrophilic-lipophilic nature of the chemicals. The more lipophilic the substances the more accumulation occurred in the liver. PCP accumulated the most. BF was 300-400 in most tissues except muscle where it was quite low. The BF was 3-4 for atrazine in liver, kidney and intestine, but just 1 in blood, muscle and gills. There is some evidence that the BF for methanol equals 1 in liver, kidney, gills and intestine. It is less than 1 in blood and muscle. Urea was equally distributed in all organs and in the external medium.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

A comparison of physiological changes in carp, Cyprinus carpio, induced by several pollutants at sublethal concentration--II. The dependency on the temperature.

Carp were exposed to 10 different pollutants with sublethal concentrations at 12, 17 or 22 degrees C. The effects on the serum cortisol and glucose levels, the amount of liver and muscle glycogen and the concentration of protein and cholesterol in the serum were examined. The level of serum cortisol and glucose increased, the amount of liver and muscle glycogen decreased and the protein and cholesterol concentration were reduced after exposure to the pollutants. The cortisol and glucose response was similar at all temperatures, slightly reduced at 17 degrees C. The glycogen reaction was strongest at 17 degrees C and the protein and cholesterol response was low at 12 degrees C and increased with the temperature. The explanation of the different temperature dependency is difficult. Carp are stressed and have low metabolic rate at 12 degrees C. They have good conditions at 17 degrees C and have a higher energy demand at 22 degrees C. These simple differences cannot exactly explain the different dependency.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

The effect of temperature on physiological changes in carp, Cyprinus carpio L., induced by phenol.

Carp were exposed to four sublethal phenol concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/liter) at two temperatures (12 and 17 degrees C). Blood and tissue samples were taken after various periods (1-72 hr) of exposure. For each period controls were taken. Serum concentrations of glucose, cortisol, protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. Parallelly, the liver glycogen content and the relation of wet and dry weight of the white epaxial muscle were measured. No general significant differences were found among the phenol-treated groups exposed to concentrations of 1 mg/liter and lower. After exposure to these concentrations only serum cortisol showed a significant elevation versus control at both temperatures. In fish exposed to 10 mg/liter a temperature-dependent, significant response to the stressor was found: At the lower temperature mostly a higher stress response occurred in the measured parameters. Fish, which were exposed for 7 days to 10 mg/liter, recovered from all changes after a retransfer to unpolluted water at 17 degrees C.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Physiological changes in carps induced by pollution.

Several pollutants like DDT, atrazine, PCP, and others induce changes of cortisol and glucose levels in serum, variations of the amount of liver glycogen and liver function, and exert changes of the activity of gill ATPase and acetylcholinesterase in brain and serum of carps. There is always a biphasic response, an increase of concentration or enzyme activity for a short time, and a decrease or inhibition of the enzymes after a longer exposure to the pollutants. The time scale, the duration of the period of increase and that of decrease, depends on the concentration and the toxicity of the pollutants. The influence of the pollutants in normal fresh water was compared with the effects occurring in carps acclimated to 1.2% salt water. This condition enables one to show that the carps are more sensitive to the pollutants under this condition. All responses are unspecific. Advice for the use of these tests as criteria for water quality are given.

Acetylcholinesterase↗