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Biomedical subjects

G Goldenberg

Publications and source records attributed to G Goldenberg.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Neglect in a patient with partial callosal disconnection.

A right-handed woman suffered destruction of the anterior two thirds of the corpus callosum and the adjacent medial frontal lobes as a sequel of bleeding from an anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. When drawing and writing with her right hand, the patient displayed neglect of the left hemispace. In line bisection each hand deviated towards the side ipsilateral to the lesion, but the size of error decreased when the lines were placed to the ipsilateral side of the body. When tested for her verbal report of tachistoscopically presented, horizontal pairs of simple geometrical figures, she showed a systematic rightward shift of attention when stimuli were presented to the left hemispace or to the centre, but not with presentation to the right hemispace. These results cannot be attributed to a mere deficit in motor control of the hand, nor can they be entirely referred to perceptual rivalry between simultaneous bilateral stimuli. It seems that a directional bias in favour of the right side is introduced when the left hemisphere processes sensory information to prepare a motor or verbal response.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1986

Impairment of motor planning in patients with Parkinson's disease: evidence from ideomotor apraxia testing.

Compared with a group of age matched controls, patients with Parkinson's disease scored significantly lower in testing for ideomotor apraxia. Imitation of movement sequences was affected more severely than performance of single movements. The degree of impairment was not related to severity of motor disability, but correlated strongly with the results of tests that measured visuospatial and visuoperceptive abilities. It is suggested that defective encoding and central processing of visuospatial information impairs memory for movement which is necessary for correct imitation of movements. Enhanced vulnerability to interference between successively presented items may cause further deterioration of performance in the copying of movement sequences.

Apraxias↗
PubMed1986

[Memory disorders in lesions of the thalamus in man].

Isolated memory disorders occur after bilateral involvement of thalamus. Anterograde amnesia is not complete; retrograde amnesia is always severe. Four groups of thalamic nuclei may be affected: anterior nuclei; midline nuclei, medialis dorsalis nuclei; intralaminar nuclei. A pathophysiologic interpretation is proposed. Three kinds of memory processes may be involved: consolidating process that leads to the formation of memory traces (anterior nuclei, midline nuclei); retrieving process that leads to the activation of memory traces (intralaminar nuclei); temporal organizing process that regards ancient et recent memory traces (medialis dorsalis nuclei).

Amnesia↗
PubMed1985

Apraxia of the left limbs in a case of callosal disconnection: the contribution of medial frontal lobe damage.

A 40 year old right-handed woman suffered hemorrhage from an anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. CT scan showed destruction of the anterior two thirds of the corpus callosum, both cingulate gyri, and the white matter underlying the medial frontal lobes. The left limbs displayed apraxia on verbal command, in imitation, and in actual object use. There were antagonistic actions of both hands, and the patient accused her left hand of disobeying her. We interpret the leftsided apraxia as resulting from a lack of interhemispheric transfer combined with a deficit in ipsilateral motor control stemming from damage to the left supplementary motor area. Right frontal lobe damage may have impaired the motor learning capacity of the right hemisphere and thus its ability to compensate for the lack of left hemisphere motor control.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[EEG findings in complicated migraine].

In the past 11 years 115 patients with complicated migraine were examined at the Neurological University Clinic of Vienna (34 male, 81 female, age range 15-65 years, mean age 32 years). About 80% suffered not only from complicated but also from uncomplicated migraine. 6 cases had ophthalmoplegic migraine, 3 cases typical basilaris migraine and the rest (n = 106) migraine accompagnée. The complicated neurological symptoms consisted in most cases of transient sensory and/or motor deficits (n = 37), 15 of these cases had additional visual field deficits. 36 cases had combination of marked aphasia with sensory and/or motor deficits, 16 were monosymptomatic with severe hemihypaesthesia, 10 cases had only motor deficits. The complicating symptoms (i.e. neurological deficits) occurred before attacks of headache and autonomic symptoms in 85 cases. The man frequency of complicated migraine showed a maximum of 1-2 attacks per year (n = 28), the mean duration of single attacks were 15-45 minutes in most cases (n = 31). Only 3 cases had presistent deficits. All patients were examined with EEG, 24.3% of standard EEG done at an any timepoint within the first 3 month after the last attacke revealed no abnormality, 8.7% cases had diffuse slowing, 14.8% bilateral dyshythmia over tempro-frontal areas, other 19.2% asymmetries of this activity and surprisingly 33.1% foci. The maximum of abnormal activities was over frontal and temporal areas. Marked spikes and sharp waves etc. was observed only in 8%. This is the distribution of abnormal EEGs with regard to the severity of abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Correlations between the clinical symptoms of cerebral ischemia and its angiographic findings].

Statistical correlations were sought between the clinical data, the neurological signs and the results of angiography in 224 patients who had had panangiography for cerebral ischaemia. With advancing age there is an increase in the incidence of stenosis, but not of occlusion in the cervical portion of the carotid artery. Patients who suffer from peripheral or coronary occlusive artery disease have a higher incidence of stenosis and occlusion of the cervical carotid artery, but most are clinically silent. If there is a cardiac source of embolism, the main lesions are found in the middle cerebral artery. The frequency of middle cerebral artery branch occlusions is elevated in areas distal to stenosis and occlusion of the carotid artery. More than half of the patients whose neurological deficit augmented over a period exceeding one day have lesions in the cervical carotid artery. The degree of narrowing of the carotid or middle cerebral artery shows a negative correlation with neurological recovery, but in transient ischaemic attacks with recovery under one hour there is a high incidence of carotid artery stenosis. As to the neurologic symptoms there was a clear difference between the findings in medial cerebral artery ischaemia and those in vertebrobasilar ischaemia. Furthermore, the findings in the former condition show a positive correlation with the gravity of the deficit, whilst those of the vertebrobasilar artery correlate with the symptoms of a lacunar state. 9 of 10 patients with amaurosis fugax had lesions of the ipsilateral carotid artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[The localizing value of speech disorders in transitory cerebral ischemia].

Clinical and angiographic findings in 30 patients who had suffered from a dysphasic disorder in the course of transient cerebral ischaemia were reviewed and compared with the findings in patients with permanent aphasia or dysarthria. The results of angiography differed significantly from those of the aphasic patients and were similar to those of the patients with dysarthria: in nearly 60% of the patients with transient dysphasia angiography showed no abnormality, whilst only 23% of the patients had lesions in the left carotid or middle cerebral artery. In the cases where the other neurological findings made it possible to localize the site of the lesion, ischaemia of the dominant hemisphere prevailed, but this correlation was far from being an absolute one. The patient's description of his own dysphasic disorder is not sufficient to decide whether the dysphasia is due to aphasic syndrome of middle cerebral artery origin, to anomia or to dysarthria. Thus, transient dysphasia appears to be a symptom of little localizing value.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Amnesic syndrome with a unilateral thalamic lesion: a case report.

A 40-year-old man suffered an attack of transient global amnesia. The anterograde amnesia receded after 2 days, but a deficit remained in the retrieval stage of memory, which impaired the recall of names and of the information necessary to give details of particular events. Computed tomography revealed ischaemic infarction in the left anterolateral thalamus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Angiographic findings in relation to clinical course and results of computed tomography in cerebrovascular disease.

Clinical course, results of angiography and computerized tomography (CT) were compared in 204 patients with focal cerebral ischemias. The extent and the importance of the radiological results depend on the localization of the affected area, whereby essential differences exist between extra- and intracranial arteries as well as between the vertebrobasilar and the carotid arterial flow region. As to the carotid arterial system there appear to be significant correlations between the size of the infarction on the CT and the extent of the vessel stenosis on angiography. Furthermore the likelihood of deficit recovery is inversely proportional to the degree of pathology seen in both radiologic examinations. It is discussed whether these correlations, obtained from the examination of a great number of patients, can help to evaluate the significance of equivocal angiographic findings in individual cases.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1980

[Influence of risk factors on the angiographic findings of occlusive cerebrovascular disease (author's transl)].

The angiographic findings in 69 patients suffering from ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attacks were compared with the clinical data. The incidence of extracranial stenoses increases with age and is higher in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia and with occlusive arterial disease of the heart or the limbs. Hypertensive patients show extracranial stenoses less frequently, but a greater number is without any visible stenoses in the vessels supplying the affected part of the brain. The influence of the diastolic blood pressure on the distribution of the angiographic findings is greater than that of the systolic pressure, but if the diastolic pressure exceeds 105 mm Hg, the incidence of the different angiographic findings is equalized. Among female patients there are more without visible stenoses in the vessels supplying the affected part of the brain. Blood glucose and cholesterol showed no influence on the distribution of the angiographic findings and the incidence of intracranial stenoses was independent of any of the investigated factors. These results support the hypothesis that different risk factors cause different forms of arterial occlusive disease.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

[Occlusive cerebrovascular disease without angiographic evidence of stenosis of cerebral arteries (author's transl)].

The angiographs of patients suffering from transient ischaemic attacks and ischaemic strokes were reviewed. No clinical data were given to the examiners and their diagnoses were then compared with the case histories. In 33 out of 69 patients the angiographs showed no arterial stenosis in the area corresponding to the neurological deficit. However, in this group of patients the incidence of elongation and dilatation of the arteries was significantly higher than in the group with visible stenosis. Among the patients without visible stenoses there was also a significantly higher incidence of hypertension, especially with an elevation of the diastolic blood pressure, and of symptoms related to the brain stem. The possibility is discussed that a special form of occlusive cerebrovascular disease exists, whereby the characteristic angiographic features are not circumscribed stenoses, but a generalized elongation and dilatation of the arteries. Neurological deficits may be caused by occlusion of the minor cerebral vessels which cannot be detected by angiography.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SPECT and MR imaging in herpes simplex encephalitis.

Two cases of necrotizing herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) were investigated with 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HMPAO) SPECT and MR. The clinical course was compared with the neuroimaging results. In the acute stage, the increased HMPAO uptake matched the MR hyperintense signal in the limbic temporal lobe and in the basal ganglia. Protracted inflammation was accompanied by persistently high HMPAO uptake. The sequelae of HSE were characterized by decreased HMPAO uptake and postnecrotic widening of the temporal horns. The "limbic" pattern recognized in both SPECT and MR reflects the basic pathophysiology and neuropathology of HSE. Both methods may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of HSE.

Contrast Media↗