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Biomedical subjects

G Gualdi

Publications and source records attributed to G Gualdi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The diagnosis and therapy of hyperprolactinemia].

Hyperprolactinaemia is the most common result of pituitary dysfunction and is characterized by alteration on the reproductive function. After a review of the hypothalamic control mechanisms and of the local paracrine and autocrine factors regulating prolactin secretion, the most common physiological, pharmacological and pathological causes of hyperprolactinaemia are described. The clinical pictures of hyperprolactinaemia in man and woman are then summarized. The diagnostic protocol used in this Institute is then described: confirmation of the existence and entity of hyperprolactinaemia by means of a prolactin profile; exclusion of pharmacological or extra pituitary causes (cirrhosis, primitive hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, etc.); neuro-radiological evaluation of the sella region, by means of standard X-ray, computer tomography scan, nuclear magnetic resonance. The drugs commonly used in medical treatment of hyperprolactinaemia such as a bromocriptine, other-derived compounds and then recent CV 205-502, and the surgical approaches (trans-sphenoidal and transcranial routes) are reported. The indication of medical or surgical treatment and the relevance of radiotherapy are finally considered.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1990

Vergence movements in comitant strabismus.

Vergence movements induced by base-out prisms were recorded, with an infrared eye tracker, for 6 patients with comitant esotropia (i.e., convergent strabismus) and anomalous retinal correspondence and for 6 normal subjects. Vergence movements of strabismic subjects were much slower and showed characteristics different from those of controls. It may be argued that vergence movements are induced by disparity and represent the motor fusion component left over in strabismus. In fact, in this study accommodative as well as proximal vergence had been ruled out. Therefore, the movements recorded can be considered the objective representation of the well-known phenomenon of prism compensation or adaptation, found in many strabismic patients.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

Recording of disparity vergence in comitant esotropia.

Vergence movements induced by base-out prisms were recorded, with an infrared eye movement recording system, in 5 patients with comitant esotropia and anomalous retinal correspondence and in 5 normal volunteers. The findings support the hypothesis that vergence movements in strabismus are induced by disparity, since accommodative as well as proximal vergence had been ruled out. Vergence movements are much slower and with different characteristics in strabismic patients with respect to normals. It may be argued that vergence movements represent the motor fusion component left over in strabismus. They may be considered the objective representation of the well-known phenomenon of prism compensation or adaptation, found in many strabismic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[MR in the evaluation of schizencephaly].

This study was aimed at evaluating MR utility in the diagnosis of schizencephaly in patients with seizures and developmental delay. In 7 patients, 8 months to 15 years old, MR imaging detected the presence of unilateral (5 cases) and bilateral (2 cases) hemisferic clefts. Moreover, MR imaging allowed the presence of such anomalies as dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and agenesis of the septum pellucidum to be demonstrated, together with areas of polymicrogyria and heterotopic gray matter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[CT in the evaluation of carcinoma of the pancreas].

The routine use of CT has given a great contribution both to the diagnosis and to the evaluation of the extent of pancreatic carcinomas. Forty-three patients clinically suspected of pancreatic carcinoma were examined with CT. Forty of them underwent surgical control. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of CT in the diagnosing and staging of pancreatic carcinomas. 31/43 neoplasms were identified, with a diagnostic accuracy of 90%. CT was extremely accurate in the demonstration of late metastases, while it had lower accuracy in assessing the involvement of lymph nodes and peripancreatic vessels (60-70%). CT proved to be extremely useful in diagnosing pancreatic carcinomas, for it allows the detection of masses associated with Wirsung's duct dilatation and atrophy, which are a highly pathognomonic sign of pancreatic neoplasms. Moreover, CT proved useful in the staging, by assessing the presence of lymph nodes and metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Computed tomographic staging of anterior mediastinal neoplasms.

Sixty patients with anterior mediastinal neoplasms undergoing computed tomography before surgical exploration were entered in a prospective study to assess the value of computed tomography in the preoperative staging of anterior mediastinal tumours. Correct prediction of location, size, and tissue density was obtained in all 60 cases. Correct identification of the nature of the tumours was achieved by computed tomography in 37 of the 54 previously undiagnosed cases. Particular attention was given to the evaluation of the relation of the tumour to adjacent mediastinal structures, to predict the feasibility of radical surgical procedures. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in identifying resectability were 46%, 85%, and 64%, with positive and negative predictive indices of 78% and 58%. Capsulated or highly invasive lesions were clearly distinguished, and the presence or absence of infiltration of mediastinal vessels, pericardium, and chest wall was correctly recognised in most cases. It is suggested that the evaluation of anterior mediastinal neoplasms should include computed tomography because of its accuracy in predicting size, location, and tissue density of the neoplasm. Computed tomography may suggest, often with good reliability, the histological type of the tumour and its relation to contiguous mediastinal structures, thus contributing to the choice of the appropriate surgical approach or route for biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Analysis for diatoms in the diagnosis of drowning].

The amount of diatoms in water samples collected in specific places of Lazio during the months of May and October is compared with the results of a study performed 17 years ago. It is pointed out that in the studies waters the diatom content is less to day than previously. This phenomenon related to the pollution explains the rare presence of diatoms, reported during the last years, in organs of drowned people.

Drowning↗