Benign prostatic hyperplasia in the nonhuman primate Leontopithecus.
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
G H Bechara
Publications and source records attributed to G H Bechara.
Immunisation of dogs, hamsters and guinea pigs against Rhipicephalus sanguineus using crude unfed adult tick extracts.
Naive experimental groups of dogs, hamsters and guinea pigs were inoculated three times subcutaneously with unfed adult extract of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and challenged with adult R. sanguineus to evaluate resistance. The acquisition of resistance was based on alterations of some reproductive and feeding performance parameters of female ticks such as female and egg mass weights, engorgement, pre-oviposition and incubation periods, larval hatchability rate and efficiency rates of female ticks in converting their food reservoir to eggs and larvae. Dogs did not develop resistance under these experimental conditions; guinea pigs and hamsters, to a lesser extent, acquired an effective immunity to ticks as demonstrated by the impairment of the reproductive and feeding performance. However, the resistance induced by inoculation of the extract in the rodents seemed not to be as efficient as that induced by successive infestations.
Animals↗
Cross-reactivity between hard tick antigens.
1. The present study was carried out to determine the target cells and tissues for anti-tick immunoglobulins using an indirect immunohistochemical technique. 2. Sections in triplicate prepared from unfed ticks Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. evertsi and Amblyomma variegatum were used to assess the cross-reactivity of serum from guinea pigs naturally infested with these tick species or immunized against them. 3. The sections showed slight (+) to strong ( +) labelling of several structures in the tick body, e.g. salivary gland, gut lumen and malpighian tubules, depending on the serum used. 4. The immune serum resulting from the immunization of guinea pigs with an extract of unfed nymphs of R. appendiculatus ticks showed the most intense cross-reactivity with the sections examined.
Animals↗
Participation of macrophages in chloramphenicol-potentiated carrageenin-induced peritonitis in rats.
1. We investigated the possible potentiating effect of chloramphenicol succinate (30 mg/kg, every 12 h for 4 days, ip) on the response of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to carrageenin (150 micrograms, ip) or dextran (100 micrograms, ip) in the peritoneal cavity of male Wistar rats (180-230 g; N = 12 in each group). 2. Chloramphenicol potentiated the cell migration induced by carrageenin (35%) but not that induced by dextran. Previous macrophage depletion in the peritoneal cavity by washing with sterile saline abolished the cell response, whereas a previous thioglycollate-induced increase in macrophage numbers enhanced the potentiating effect (60%). 3. These results suggest that the potentiating effect on polymorphonuclear neutrophil migration induced by chloramphenicol may be related to chemotactic factors released by macrophages.
Animals↗
Isochromosome Y in an infertile heifer.
The chromosome makeup of a 3-year-old crossbred heifer was examined in an attempt to explore the cytogenetic causes of her infertility. The heifer proved to be a mosaic carrying predominantly XY cells and with approximately 30% of cells lacking a normal Y. The minor population included cells carrying a dicentric isochromosome Y and a small proportion of XO cells. Histological features of the gonads and reproductive system suggest that the presence of cells resulting from isochromosome formation and the consequent loss of the Y chromosome segment required for testicular induction may have been causally related to the embryonic state of the gonads and malformation of the duct system noted in this heifer.
Animals↗
Do lymphocytes play a pro-inflammatory role in any pharmacological type of rat paw edema?
1. The hypothesis of a pro-inflammatory activity in lymphocytes related to the development of nonimmune acute inflammation was tested in leucopenic rats injected subcutaneously with various stimuli representing different pharmacological classes of paw edema-inducing agents into the subplantar area of one of the hind paws. 2. Amethopterin-induced leucopenia rendered animals hyporeactive to carrageenin and trypsin, but not to kaolin or dextran. 3. Administration of splenic lymphocytes to leucopenic rats to correct lymphopenia partially restored the inhibited responses to carrageenin and the early phase of responses to trypsin. 4. These results suggest that lymphocytes may play a pro-inflammatory role in nonimmune acute inflammation, which is more demonstrable in some pharmacological classes of paw edema than in others.
Animals↗
A technique for collecting saliva from the cattle-tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) using chemical stimulation. Environmental and temporal influences on secretion yield.
1. Injection of a pilocarpine solution into the hemocoele of female B. microplus through the respiratory spiracle induced the flow of limpid saliva, collected from the mouth parts with a capillary tube. 2. The time interval between the detachment of the tick from its host and chemical stimulation influenced the volume of saliva secreted; secretion was greater during the first 2 h after detachment. 3. There is a positive correlation between salivary yield and both environmental temperature and relative humidity.
Animals↗
Effect of alloxan diabetes and adrenalectomy on carrageenin-induced pleurisy in the rat.
1. The effect of alloxan diabetes and adrenalectomy on the acute inflammatory response was investigated in rats using the carrageenin-induced pleurisy model. 2. Diabetic rats had reduced exudate volume (-85%) and inflammatory cell accumulation (-50%), especially polymorphonuclear leucocytes (-60%) in the pleural cavity 24 h after stimulation in relation to control values. Subcutaneous insulin administration 2 h after the inflammatory stimulus restored these parameters to normal levels. In contrast, all three measures of the response were potentiated 1.5 to 4-fold in adrenalectomized animals. 3. Results obtained by other investigators using different experimental models point to a possible pro-inflammatory function of insulin for the vascular component of inflammation. The present data show that insulin also has a significant effect on the cellular component of inflammation, especially the polymorphonuclear one, by increasing its accumulation at the affected site.
Acute-Phase Reaction↗
A pro-inflammatory role of lymphoid cells in acute pleurisy in rats.
The effect of viable splenic lymphoid cells and their constituents (filtrate) on carrageenan-induced acute pleurisy was investigated in rats. Suspensions of lymphoid cells administered intravenously to recipients just prior to initiation of pleurisy enhance both the volume of exudate and cell accumulation in the pleural cavity 3 h after the irritation. Similar results were observed when filtrate of disrupted lymphoid cells was injected either 30 or 5 min before the carrageenan, but not when administered 30 min afterwards. Suspensions of bone marrow cells, on the contrary, were ineffective in producing an enhancement of the parameters studied. When administered into the pleural cavity together with carrageenan, the lymphoid cell filtrate augmented the inflammatory response to the irritant. Nevertheless, it was ineffective, per se, to elicit any local change. It is suggested that lymphoid cells may play a pro-inflammatory role in the initiation of the process by enhancing both the fluid and the cellular components of inflammation.
Acute Disease↗
Effect of a lymphocyte-derived pro-inflammatory factor on carrageenan pleurisy in the rat.
An intravenous injection of a lymphocyte pro-inflammatory factor (LpIF), obtained from rat spleen, restored diminished fluid and cellular responses in carrageenan pleurisy in leucopenic animals. A similar filtrate of bone marrow cells had no restorative properties. Previous results from elsewhere indicated a single pro-inflammatory activity on the fluid component of inflammation. We propose that LpIF has a more significant effect by influencing both components of inflammation and suggest that the discrepancy may be due to the different models used.
Animals↗
The proinflammatory function of lymphocytes in non-immune inflammation: effect of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Leucopenia rendered rats unresponsive to various inflammatory stimuli. The intensity of the inflammatory response in such animals was restored by i.v. administration of suspensions of lymphocytes, but not of granulocytes. This restorative effect was blocked by both steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Utilizing carrageenin to induce inflammatory responses in the rat's paw, the effect of these drugs on lymphocytes was observed in two circumstances. First, following incubation of the cells with the drugs in concentrations not exceeding the peak plasma levels estimated for these substances in man or laboratory animals; the effect of the drugs seemed selective, since anti-histamine and anti-serotonin agents, as well as amethopterin, were devoid of action. Second, when lymphocytes were collected from rats previously treated with the various anti-inflammatory agents, injected 6-hourly during periods of 18 and 36 h, respectively, for steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances. The total amounts given were lower than those required to produce consistent anti-inflammatory effects in normal animals, when the drug was given as a single dose before injection of the irritant. It is concluded that the pro-inflammatory function of lymphocytes in non-immune inflammation can be blocked by steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Animals↗
Does the pro-inflammatory factor in lymphocytes (LpIF) explain the role of these cells in acute inflammation?
Lymphocytes produce a pro-inflammatory factor, which modulates the development of acute inflammation. Injection of lymphocytes or products, obtained from either rats, dogs or rabbits, caused a restoration of inflammatory responses in leukopenic rats which are hyporeactive to various inflammatory stimuli. In vitro incubation of viable lymphocytes with homologous and heterologous anti-lymphocyte sera abolished the ability of the cells to restore the inhibited inflammatory reactions.
Animals↗
A proinflammatory factor in lymphocytes. Its role in the development of acute, non-immunological inflammatory reactions.
Drug-induced leucopenia renders rats hyporeactive to various inflammatory stimuli. Administration to leucopenic rats of suspensions of lymphocytes, sufficient to apparently correct the induced lymphocytopenia, led to a partial but marked reversal of the inhibited responses. Similar results were observed when lysates of lymphocytes or filtrates of the disintegrated cells were injected. Suspensions of polymorphonuclear granulocytes, on the contrary, were ineffective in producing a reversal of inhibited inflammatory reactions in leucopenic rats. The presence of a proinflammatory factor (LpIF) in lymphocytes, which might be involved in the modulation of acute inflammatory responses is suggested.
Animals↗
Modulation by lymphocytes of the vascular effects caused by inflammatory mediators and carrageenin in the rat.
Inhibited permeability responses to intradermally injected histamine, serotonin and bradykinin were observed in leucopenic rats, when compared to those measured in normal animals. Significant reversal of the inhibited responses was seen when leucopenic rats were given suspensions of lymphocytes i.v. Suspensions of PMN granulocytes, however, were ineffective. In both cases, the volumes of the suspensions contained adequate quantities of the particular cells to counteract their deficiency. Histological changes provoked by carrageenin in the paws of leucopenic rats injected with suspensions of lymphocytes resembled those of normal rats, the main difference being that the number of cells which had emigrated into the affected tissues was reduced. In leucopenic controls or leucopenic animals injected with suspensions of PMN granulocytes, minimal histological alterations were observed. It is concluded that lymphocytes play a role in the development of acute inflammatory reactions.
Animals↗