Less hazardous cigarette debated.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
G H Miller
Publications and source records attributed to G H Miller.
Bronchial epithelium and cigarette smoking.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bronchi↗
The relationship between various dietary factors and MMPI subscales: implications for clinical practice.
Examined specific relationships, as they occur in nature, between particular dietary variables or groups of variables and specific MMPI subscales. Detailed nutritional and demographic information and MMPI profiles were obtained from 20 adult psychiatric inpatients, 10 adult psychiatric outpatients, and 20 adult normals. A linear multiple regression analysis revealed strong relationships between a number of dietary variables and MMPI subscales. Implications for future research and clinical practice were discussed.
Adult↗
Criminal responsibility: an action language approach.
Traditionally, the propositions of psychiatry are said to be in conflict with those of the law since psychiatry assumes a "psychic determinism" and the law assumes freedom of the will (Stone, 1978). An argument always arises over the insanity defense since it bridges psychiatry and the law. But one may hold that there is nothing intrinsic to psychiatry which requires causally stated propositions. By formulating psychiatric propositions in a different form, specifically by adopting the action language of Roy Schafer (1976a), there need be no incompatibility between psychiatric and legal statements about criminal responsibility.
Criminal Psychology↗
Length of hospitalization predicted by self assessment of social competence.
The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of using demographic and social competence information to predict length of stay in a psychiatric hospital. The results indicated that social competence variables were much better predictors of length of stay than demographic variables. Moreover, no combination of demographic and social competence variables led to more accurate predictors than social competence information alone.
Female↗
The filter cigarette controversy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
On the relationship of client satisfaction to client characteristics and outcome of treatment.
Administered to former psychiatric patients a client satisfaction scale and two general questions about satisfaction with hospitalization. Regression analyses that used the client satisfaction measures as dependent variables indicated that the client satisfaction scale was related more to other treatment outcome measures, especially length of stay and goal attainment. The two general questions on satisfaction had correlated highly with each other, but little relation to other outcome measures. The need for a clearer definition of client satisfaction is discussed.
Consumer Behavior↗
Chemotherapeutic evaluation of 5-episisomicin (Sch 22591), a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside.
5-episisomicin (Sch 22591) is a novel semisynthetic aminoglycoside with a spectrum and potency similar to gentamicin in its activity against susceptible bacterial strains, but with increased potency against Pseudomonas, Providencia, and Proteus rettgeri. It is also more active than tobramycin and amikacin against these last-mentioned species.Against resistant strains, Sch 22591 is significantly more active than gentamicin or tobramycin. Against resistant gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas, Sch 22591 has activity similar to that of amikacin, but Sch 22591 is more potent. Against Pseudomonas strains, it is active against most gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant strains and is more active than the other three antibiotics. Some Pseudomonas strains are resistant to Sch 22591, but susceptible to amikacin. Against a selection of aminoglycoside-resistant staphylococci, Sch 22591 has very good activity against strains resistant to tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin. The superior in vitro potency of Sch 22591 against Pseudomonas has been confirmed in vivo in experimental infections in mice. Absorption in dogs is similar to that of other aminoglycoside antibiotics. The acute toxicity of Sch 22591 in mice is greater than that of gentamicin; its vestibular toxicity potential and nephrotoxicity potential in cats and rats appear to be similar to those of gentamicin.
Animals↗
Chemical modification of some gentamicins and sisomicin at the 3''-position.
Chemical and photochemical oxidative methods of de-N-methylation of some gentamicins and sisomicins at the 3''-position are described. Selective acetylation of gentamicins and sisomicins at the 1, 3, 2' and 6' and of gentamicin B at the 1, 3, and 6'positions are achieved by treatment of the free bases with carbon dioxide prior to acetylation. De-N-methylation of the above selectively blocked gentamicins and sisomicins followed by re-alkylation at the 3''-position and de-N-protection gives a series of 3''-N-alkyl analogues. The in vitro antibacterial properties of the new derivatives of gentamicins and sisomicins are given.
Acetylation↗
The syntheses and biological properties of 1-N-(S-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)-gentamicin B and 1-N-(S-3-amino-2-hydroxypropionyl)-gentamicin B.
The syntheses of 1-N-(S-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)-gentamicin B and 1-N-(S-3-amino-2-hydroxypropionyl)-gentamicin B, designated sch 20287 and Sch 21420, respectively, by procedures similar to those developed by KAWAGUCHI and co-workers for the transformation of kanamycin A to amikacin are described. The in vitro microbiological properties of Sch 20287 and Sch 21420 are compared with amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin.
Bacteria↗
Biological activity of SCH 21420, the 1-N-S-alpha-hydroxy-beta-aminopropionyl derivative of gentamicin B.
Sch 21420, the 1-N-HAPA derivative of gentamicin B, has been compared to gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin in a variety of in vitro and in vivo tests. Based on studies with a large number of sensitive and resistant bacteria, it was shown that Sch 21420 has a spectrum and potency essentially the same as that of amikacin. Serum levels in mice, rats, and dogs are similar to those of other aminoglycosides. Sch 21420 was found to be markedly less toxic than amikacin in chronic renal function tests in rats and thus appears to have an advantageously improved therapeutic index compared to amikacin.
Animals↗
Antibacterial structure-activity relationships obtained with resistant microorganisms I: Inhibition of R-factor resistant Escherichia coli by tetracyclines.
Aparent partition coefficients and inhibitory activities against sensitive and resistant Escherichia coli were determined for 14 tetracyclines. The difference in the kinetics of inhibition of the two organisms is discussed in terms of their permeabilities. The partition coefficients were determined in an octanol-buffer system. Values for eight compounds were in general agreement with the literature; values for the remaining six compounds had not been reported previously. Growth of the organisms was determined by a single-point turbidimetric method in the presence and absence of tetracyclines. Inhibitory activities were obtained by a kinetic treatment. Derived rate constants for the sensitive organism were linearly related to antibiotic concentration. For the resistant organism and 12 compounds, the derived rate constants and antibiotic concentration were related in a manner typical of saturation kinetics. These inhibitory activities were related to the partition coefficients, while activities against the sensitive strain were not. These findings suggest that activity against the resistant strain is permeability controlled but that activity against the sensitive strain has a different rate-determining step.
Depression, Chemical↗
An information system for clinical recording, administrative decision making, evaluation, and research.
An information system suitable for clinical, administrative, and research uses is described. The source document is a modified problem-oriented record in which progress on each problem can be measured by a goal attainment scaling technique during therapy, at termination, and at follow-up. The model deals with the problem of how specific the goals should be by establishing two evaluation procedures. One procedure is based on predefined long-term general goals of therapy. The other procedure deals with therapist defined short-term goals and procedures.
Decision Making↗
Renal pharmacology of netilmicin.
Netilmicin (Sch 20569), a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, was studied for its effects on kidney function and mechanisms by which it is handled by the kidneys. Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinalysis in chronic rat studies indicated that the nephrotoxicity of netilmicin was remarkably less than that of gentamicin. Gentamicin caused a dose-related reduction in GFR in association with glucosuria and elevated fractional excretion of K(+). By contrast, high doses of netilmicin produced only slight reduction in GFR with increased fractional excretion of K(+) but without glucosuria. In separate experiments, rats were shown to excrete 71 to 90% of netilmicin or gentamicin in 24 h after daily intramuscular administration of doses of 20 or 40 mg/kg for 4 days. In acute experiments on anesthetized dogs, GFR and renal plasma flow were unaffected at serum levels of 11.0 +/- 0.6 mug/ml maintained by constant infusion of netilmicin for 5 h. The renal clearance of netilmicin was significantly correlated with GFR. The urinary output of netilmicin was 80.0 +/- 4.2% of the infusion rate and was independent of urine flow over the range of 0.04 to 0.33 ml/kg per min. Preferential accumulation of netilmicin occurred in the renal cortex; the cortex-serum and medulla-serum ratios were 9.9 +/- 1.2 and 4.2 +/- 0.6, respectively. In addition, the extraction ratio of netilmicin, which was lower than that of inulin, suggested that netilmicin reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule and results in cortical accumulation. It is concluded that netilmicin, like gentamicin, is excreted by the dog kidney by glomerular filtration plus limited reabsorption. However, the new drug is characterized by low intrinsic nephrotoxicity in rats.
Animals↗
A brief scale for predicting rehospitalization of former psychiatric patients.
Community adjustment of former psychiatric patients has been found to relate highly to the likelihood of rehospitalization and community tenure. The present study examined the ability of a community adjustment scale and various other patient characteristics to predict rehospitalization. Multiple regression analysis using rehospitalization as the dependent variable identified thirteen items including twelve from the community adjustment scale, which combined to provide a highly accurate prediction. The brief scale (13 items) which is now being cross-validated is potentially a useful tool for clinical evaluation and planning of follow-up series to former patients.
Female↗
Client involvement in goal setting and its relationship to therapeutic outcome.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Community Participation↗
Post-prostatectomy impotence.
With the help of the principles of rapid eye movement sleep and nocturnal penile tumescence, 14 patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy were studied by monitoring the electroencephalograph, electro-oculograph and penile plethysmograph activity preoperatively and postoperatively. No instance of complete loss of penile erection was found postoperatively. The need for objective rather than subjective data is emphasized.
Aged↗