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Biomedical subjects

G H Muir

Publications and source records attributed to G H Muir.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Detection of telomerase activity in human prostate: a diagnostic marker for prostatic cancer?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of telomerase activity as a marker for the development of prostate cancer in men with existing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a known risk factor for prostatic carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Telomerase activity was assayed, using a highly sensitive polymerase-chain reaction-based assay, in nine biopsies from patients with prostatic cancer, 16 from patients clinically diagnosed with BPH and 11 from patients with no evidence of prostatic disease. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detectable in eight of the nine prostate cancer biopsies, in none of the normal prostates and in six of the 16 BPH biopsies. CONCLUSION: The finding of telomerase activity in six of 16 biopsies from patients with BPH could indicate early prostate cancer and suggests that telomerase activity may be of use as a biomarker in patients diagnosed with BPH and who may subsequently develop prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Video-resection does not stop corneal contamination during transurethral resection of the prostate.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of video-resection systems in reducing the risk of corneal contamination during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and thus in decreasing the possibility of transmission of blood-borne diseases from the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After performing a TURP using a video camera system in 30 patients, the number of potential corneal droplets was measured for one operator wearing a pair of spectacles and, for a second operator, over an identically sized area of a standard disposable plastic eyeshield. RESULTS: In 20 (67%) of cases, droplets were observed on the eye protection, correlating with potential corneal contamination. Splashes were also seen on the face-mask of the eyeshield. CONCLUSION: Urologists should use eye and face protection when performing TURP using a video system.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1994

Induction of transforming growth factor beta in hormonally treated human prostate cancer.

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) has been proposed as a mediator of tumour growth in a number of tumours and cell lines including prostate, and in a recent study was shown to be up-regulated in the stroma of breast cancer tissue following treatment with the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen. Immunolocalisation of the intracellular form of TGF-beta 1 confirmed that the source of the stromal TGF-beta 1 was the peritumoral fibroblasts. We present here the results of a study in which five patients with hormonally unresponsive prostatic carcinoma and seven patients responding to a luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogue had prostate biopsies taken before and during treatment. These were stained for TGF-beta expression prior to treatment and at either relapse or 3 months later respectively. Six of seven clinically responding tumours and three of five relapsed tumours showed up-regulation of extracellular TGF-beta 1, again primarily in the stroma, with no apparent up-regulation of intracellular TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2 or TGF-beta 3. These data illustrate that the epithelial growth inhibitor TGF-beta 1 can be induced by hormonal manipulation in prostate cancer in vivo, and may continue to be up-regulated even after relapse. This suggests that relapse of hormonally treated prostate cancer may be associated with a failure of the epithelium to respond to stromal TGF-beta 1.

Androgens↗
PubMed1994

Vacuolation in prostate cancer cells following luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the 'oestrogen effect' of vacuolation in treated prostatic cancer cells is seen after luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients with locally advanced prostate cancer were treated with the LHRH analogue, leuprorelin acetate. Biopsies taken pretreatment and after 3 months were assessed for the presence or absence of microscopic vacuolation. RESULTS: Seven out of eight patients had evidence of vacuolation induced or accentuated by treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Recent research suggests that both stilboestrol and LHRH analogues have a direct cytotoxic effect on prostate cell lines in vitro, which appears to be supported by these findings. Vacuolation seems to be a normal consequence of treatment with LHRH analogues.

Biopsy↗