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Biomedical subjects

G Hamm

Publications and source records attributed to G Hamm.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Mercury concentration in the mouth mucosa of patients with amalgam fillings].

Mercury concentrations were measured in specimens of oral mucosa taken during oral surgery from 90 patients (53 men, 37 women, mean age 42 +/- 16 years); 30 of the patients had no amalgam fillings. All the mucosal specimens extended for at least 2-3 mm from the epithelium of the gingival margin and were clinically and radiologically normal. Thirteen patients without metallic fillings of any kind had mercury concentrations of 118.4 +/- 83.7 ng/g tissue, and in 17 patients with precious metal fillings but no amalgam the mean mercury concentrations were 144 +/- 290 ng/g tissue. Seventeen patients with 1-3 amalgam fillings had an average of 1975 +/- 4300 ng/g tissue and in 26 patients with 3-6 amalgam fillings the average concentration was 1158 +/- 2500 ng/g tissue. In 17 patients with more than six amalgam fillings the mean mercury concentration was 2302 +/- 5600 ng/g tissue. Although these results demonstrate a considerable degree of transfer of mercury from the amalgam fillings to the oral mucosa, it had not resulted in any clinically detectable mucosal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of different irrigation methods and concentrations of root canal irrigation solutions on bacteria in the root canal.

The effectiveness of two different root canal irrigating solutions, each in two different concentrations or formulations, with two different irrigation methods was compared in vitro by means of bacterial survival determinations. 75 human root canals were enlarged, sterilized and inoculated with a mixed culture of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans. After inoculation, the root canals were irrigated either manually or with an ultrasonic device for equal times (20s) with the same amount (5 ml) of sodium hypochlorite (1% and 2%), Fokalhydran I and Fokalhydran II. Sodium hypochlorite (1% and 2%) was used in a 1:100 dilution. Fokalhydran I and II were used in a 1:10 dilution. In the sodium hypochlorite group, the 1% concentration applied with a syringe proved to be most effective against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans. The least effective concentration and application method against both bacteria species was obtained with 2% NaOCL and ultrasonics. Against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans, a significantly lower effectiveness was found with 2% NaOCL applied with ultrasonics with respect to the rest of the sodium hypochlorite group. Fokalhydran I was significantly better than Fokalhydran II against Escherichia coli. However, no significant differences could be seen against Streptococcus mutans within this group.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of the motivation of a tracing device in the hygiene phase of PA treatment].

In a clinical comparative study the effectiveness of an oral hygiene motivation tool (Parograph) was evaluated. 100 patients with periodontal diseases got oral hygiene instructions with the classic clinical methods (brush-techniques) and the motivation tool. As a result, only the patients with higher plaque index showed a faster significant reduction of plaque index when motivation tool was used. The comparison between other indices used were statistically not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Influence of high glucose concentrations on glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis in cultured human gingival fibroblasts.

Human gingival fibroblasts were used to study the effects of increasing concentrations of glucose on protein, collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis. GAG-synthesis was measured as incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into pronase-resistant macromolecules and collagen synthesis was evaluated by 3H-proline incorporation into collagenase-sensitive protein. Incubation of the fibroblasts with glucose concentration ranging from 5 to 50 mM resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of collagen synthesis; labeled collagen in the culture medium was reduced to 60% of the control incubation (5mM glucose) when incubated with 50 mM glucose for 72 h. Cell-associated radioactivity was decreased to 80% under the same conditions. Although 3H-glycosamine incorporation into GAGs was reduced by increasing glucose concentrations (5 to 20 mM), protein synthesis and cell number were not influenced under the same conditions, as was also the case with distribution of macromolecules in the GAG fractions. The importance of these in vitro results to the incidence of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in diabetic patients is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Influence of saliva components on periodontal disease in insulin-dependent diabetics].

In diabetic patients an increased incidence of periodontal disease has been demonstrated. This study was to elucidate the influence of saliva constituents on periodontal alterations. 31 insulin-dependent type-I diabetics and a control group were submitted to oral examination. During daytime salivary samples were collected at regular intervals for analysis of glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium and the pH values. Additional information on relevant blood values and organic complications were obtained from the diabetic group. The results revealed a significant correlation between the degree of diabetes control and periodontal disease. The saliva concentrations of glucose and potassium were significantly elevated as against the controls. However, no correlation was found between the saliva components and periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The effects of herbal agents on dental plaque and sulcus bleeding index].

This study was designed to examine the efficacy of plant-derived active substances in a combined application of toothpaste and mouth rinse on dental plaque and sulcus bleeding index and the pH values of the saliva. 50 healthy students of dentistry without periodontal diseases took part in this study. Over a period of 4 weeks half of the group used herbs, while the other half used a placebo preparation. The data of the oral examination were always obtained at 12 a.m., with the last food intake at least 1 hour before. The results revealed a significant reduction of plaque accumulation and bleeding signs under herbal extracts in contrast to the placebo preparation. The salivary pH values were shifted to the alkaline range in the herbal extract group whereas the placebo product showed the opposite effect. Our data demonstrate the usefulness of herbal extracts as an adjunct in the treatment of periodontal disease and in a routine preventive regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Modulation of glycosaminoglycan- and collagen synthesis of human gingival fibroblasts by progesterone].

Hormonal changes occuring during pregnancy are known to induce periodontal changes and may therefore influence preexisting periodontal diseases negatively. Since glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen are the principal constituents of the matrix, the influence of progesterone on their synthesis was chosen as an assay system. Confluent human gingival fibroblast cultures grown under standard conditions were preincubated with progesterone levels ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 microgram/ml for 48h before GAG synthesis was assayed by incorporation of 14C-glucosamine. The GAG fraction was detemined by ion-exchange-chromatography and fractionated precipitation. Collagen-synthesis was monitored by 14C-proline-incorporation. Progesterone concentrations corresponding to those seen in the third trimenon of pregnancy were able to lower GAG-synthesis; the synthesis of all GAG-species was affected in a similar way. Collagen synthesis was only affected by unphysiologicaly high hormone doses. The observed clinical changes may therefore be due to the influence of progesterone on GAG synthesis.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1991

[Trace element studies on the the dental calculi of individuals from historical populations].

In two different populations (Bavaria 6th-7th cent. A.D. and Egypt 700 B.C. till 400 A.D.) calculus was analysed in order to find hints for the nutrition of these people. All together, the concentration of 23 elements were analysed. The first dates showed that there were high significant differences in 8 elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Sr). The enormous variation of the element concentration as well as the huge of elements allows finally interpretations not in this state. It will be the aim of further studies.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed1991

The influence of herbal ingredients on the plaque index and bleeding tendency of the gingiva.

The effectiveness of medicinal herbs in both a toothpaste and oral rinse on dental plaque, sulcus bleeding, and the pH of total saliva was investigated in a single-blind study on 50 dentistry students between the ages of 23 and 28 years. Over a period of 4 weeks, 25 students used either placebo or preparations containing medicinal herbs. Parameters measured were the approximal plaque index (API) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI). These were determined at the same time of day (12:00 P.M.), the last food intake having occurred at least 1 hour previously. Compared with the placebo preparations, the herbal ingredients significantly reduced both the API (initial value: 40.8%, final value: 23.9%) and the SBI (initial value: 33.4%, final value: 18.6%). The pH of the total saliva was significantly displaced into the alkaline range by the application of the herbal products, whereas the placebo products had a contrary effect. The results of this study suggest that herbal ingredients can be employed supportively in the therapy of periodontal diseases and for routine prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) on the growth and metabolic activity of gingival fibroblasts].

Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a powerful nonsteroidal immunosuppressive agent in organ and bone marrow transplants. It may cause nephro- and hepatotoxicity and may lead to generalized fibrous hyperplasia of gingiva by a yet unknown mechanism. In order to study the pathophysiology of this side effect human gingival fibroblast cultures derived from normal gingiva were studied under the influence of CyA. During short time incubation of 72 h a significant increase of 3H-thymidine incorporation was noted while 14C-glucosamine incorporation remained unchanged. Long term incubation over 6 weeks, however, resulted in a significant increase of both cell proliferation and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. These findings demonstrate a powerful growth stimulation of gingival fibroblasts by CyA under in-vitro conditions and show that the observed fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva under CyA therapy is the result of a direct effect on gingival cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Differences in the skin surface pH and bacterial microflora due to the long-term application of synthetic detergent preparations of pH 5.5 and pH 7.0. Results of a crossover trial in healthy volunteers.

Skin cleansing preparations consisting of identical synthetic detergents but differing in pH-value (pH 5.5 and 7.0) were applied twice daily on the forehead and forearm of healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover trial. The skin surface pH was found to be significantly higher when the neutral preparation had been used, as was the propionibacterial count (p less than 0.05). The number of propionibacteria was significantly linked to the skin pH. Hence even minor differences in the pH of skin cleansing preparations seem to be of importance for the integrity of the skin surface. This should be taken into account when planning the formulation of optimal skin care products.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Influence of conservative periodontal treatment on degree of gingival inflammation].

Assuming that conservative periodontal therapy is essential and important for the further surgical therapy, it was the purpose of this present study to investigate the effect of conservative periodontal therapy of gingiva. 50 patients were examined. Significant reductions of plaque index (42%) and bleeding index (29%) were obtained and statistically significant.

Dental Plaque Index↗
PubMed1989

[Periodontal alterations in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes].

The periodontal status and the DMF status of 51 non-insulin dependent patients treated on an inpatient basis for diabetes (Type II) were assessed and correlated with the specific clinical findings and parameters of diabetes. Oral hygiene (as determined by means of the plaque index) as well as caries frequency showed no correlation with Type II diabetes. A significant correlation, however, was found according to the Trend Test between the loss of attachment and the increase in the blood glucose levels. Consequently, a direct correlation between diabetes and the periodontal condition can be assumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative studies on periodontal indexes with particular to the Periotest method].

40 patients from both gender were examined to determine if there is a correlation between periodontal indices and periotest values. As a result we were able to show that the pocket depth correlates with the periotest values for all tooth groups. On the other hand SBI correlates with the periotest values only for the premolars in upper and the front in lower jaw.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Studies of patient motivation during systematic periodontal treatment].

Motivated patients are essential for successful periodontal therapy. The intention of this investigation was to determine the success of motivational attempts. 100 patients were examined and separated into two groups according to sex and age. As a result there was no significant difference between gender groups as well as age groups concerning the motivation.

Adolescent↗