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Biomedical subjects

G Haralambie

Publications and source records attributed to G Haralambie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Kearns-Sayre syndrome: primarily a mitochondriopathy?

Histopathological changes of the external eye muscles and of the peripheral skeletal muscles of 2 patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome are demonstrated histochemically and electron microscopically. In one case the progression of the mitochondrial anomalies in this disease was documented through ultrastructural investigations of muscle biopsies over a period of 17 years. By freeze-fracture the membrane fracture faces of the transformed mitochondrial were examined in both patients. Biochemical results of one patient show that energy production by glycolysis is distinctly decreased with respect to oxydation. Clinical, morphological and biochemical results support the hypothesis that the Kearns-Sayre syndrome is caused by a primary mitochondriopathy which is not limited to the musculature.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Physiological and metabolic effects of a 25 km race in female athletes.

Nine female athletes were examined before and after a 25 km race (German championship). Their average running speed was 3.89 m/s. Postexercise weight loss was 1.60 +/- 0.58 kg or 2.87% of body weight, the mean rectal temperature increased by 1.04 +/- 0.52 degrees C to 38.4 +/- 0.54 degrees C. Leucocytes, but no other blood parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, MCV) showed a marked rise after the race. Blood lactate rose from 1.86 +/- 0.34 to 4.97 +/- 1.19 mmol/l but hypoglycemia was not present in any of the athletes at the end of exercise. After the run serum enzymes showed lower increases than those observed in men for the same exercise duration. Serum sodium, chloride and potassium showed similar increases, inorganic phosphate higher increments than found in men. The comparatively high rise in free glycerol suggested a marked mobilization of lipid substrate, whereas the increment in serum of free fatty acids was lower than in male subjects after similar athletic events. A lowering of neuromuscular excitability (m. vastus medialis quadricipitis) was found after the race but the changes were significant only for the fibers responding to longer durations of stimuli (0.3-30 ms).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Changes in contractile properties of muscle after strength training in man.

Thirty young male adults matched in two experimental groups (n = 12) and a control group (n = 6) were investigated before and after an 8-week strength training period. Group A trained with few repetitions and maximal loads, whereas group B had more repetitions with smaller loads. Both groups lifted the same total load during each training period, four times a week. Maximal voluntary strength (MVS) of a shot-put arm movement, muscular excitability and contractile properties (time to peak of contraction with threshold stimuli, half relaxation time) were measured in M. deltoideus and M. triceps brachii, C. longum, for two durations of stimulation. Increases of 14.8% (group A) and 12.2% (group B) in MVS were observed. Muscle excitability significantly increased in all types of training and both muscles. Significant shortening of the contraction time, dependent on the type of training, was observed in both studied muscles. It appears that the strength training in group A involved the fast fibers of both muscles, whereas in group B the training influence was less marked, and affected both fast and slow fiber types.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum aldolase isoenzymes in athletes at rest and after long-lasting exercise.

Athletes in training have significantly higher levels of serum aldolase activity at rest when compared to nonathletes. This is due to the higher level (and higher proportion) of aldolase isoenzyme A, predominant in muscle. At rest, athletes with a history of infectious hepatitis show significantly higher proportional and absolute levels of aldolase B, predominant in liver. Long-lasting exercise leads to a rise in serum aldolase activity, which must be ascribed to the increase in isoenzyme A. Significant post-exercise changes in isoenzyme B were not observed. There was no correlation between changes in serum hemoglobin, as reflecting intravascular hemolysis, and changes in serum aldolase activity. The data are discussed in regard to the existing hypotheses regarding increases in serum enzyme activity after physical exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum zinc in athletes in training.

Serum zinc was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 160 training athletes (57 females) in the morning at rest. In 23.3% of the male and 43% of the female athletes, serum Zn was lower than the limit accepted for the normal range (75 microgram/dl or 11.5 mumol/l). The average serum Zn (96.7 +/- 12.6 microgram/dl) and the range of the values found in a control group of 15 young adult males did not differ from the accepted values in the literature. In 22 randomly selected male athletes, serum Zn fractions were determined using polyethylene glycol precipitation at pH 7.1; 22.2% of total Zn was bóund to alpha2-macroglobulin, the ratio being very close to 1 atom of metal per molecule of globulin. The possible reasons that may influence the serum Zn level in athletes are discussed with regard to the present knowledge in both exercise physiology and metabolism of zinc in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Sports medical examination of top class chess players (author's transl)].

During an international chess championship tournament in Munich, 14 participants were thoroughly investigated physically in order to find out generally the psychological maximum stress and the autonomic excitability as well as the circulatory conditions during the individual games and to study the metabolic load during the 18 day tournament. Eight of the eleven players who participated in the blood determinations showed at least once during the competition marginal to increased cholesterol levels. In their general physical capacity, their autonomic excitability and their circulatory parameters during the competition the chess players were completely comparable to other sportsmen of the "light athletics" class, so that chess can also rightly be called a class of sport according to these criteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Enzyme activities of human myocardium: creatine kinase and hexose phosphate isomerase.

Creatine kinase (CK) and hexose phosphate isomerase (PHI) activities were determined in 36 samples of human heart muscle obtained from patients during cardiovascular surgery. With one exception, CK activities were higher than any reported so far in the literature (papillary muscle, left ventricle: 2,521 +/- 776 IU/g wet weight at 37 degrees C). PHI Activities, the first time measured, are comparable to those in skeletal muscle (200-400 U/g, higher in papillary muscle than in the right auricle). The activities of both enzymes determined correlate significantly (all samples considered together: r = 0.773; p < 0.001). Results are discussed with respect to their possible clinical interest as well as their significance for myocardial metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Metabolic changes in man during long-distance swimming.

Sixteen young adults were investigated before, immediately after and 24 h after swimming 5,200 +/- 618 m in 90 min. Mean pulse rate at the end of exercise was 151.3 min-1; skin and rectal temperature both slightly increased. Except for a marked leukocytosis, no changes were observed in other blood parameters (hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes). Serum enzyme activities showed (except for triosephosphate dehydrogenase) marked increases which in the case of creatine kinase and of malate dehydrogenase did not return to preexercise level on the next day. No hypoglycemia occurred in any of the subjects. Blood lactate increased to 4.2 mmol/l at the 15th min of exercise and at the end was still slightly above the resting value. Free fatty acids, free glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, serum urea and uric acid rose markedly after swimming, whereas alpha-amino nitrogen, triglycerides, and serum magnesium significantly decreased. The electrical excitability of the two investigated muscles (M. vastus med. quadr. and M. deltoides) showed opposite changes, which was ascribed to their different involvement during swimming.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Metabolites of the aminoacetone pathway in blood after exercise.

The following article reports (A) data on glyoxalase I activity in skeletal muscle of untrained men and endurance--trained athletes, and (B) the presence at rest and the rise in blood after exercise of two metabolites of the aminoacetone pathway of amino acid degradation in man. Glyoxalase I showed an average activity of 191 +/- 38 U/g wet weight (37 degrees C) in bioptic samples of m.vastus medialis quadricipitis of young adults whereas this was of 235 +/- 64 U/g (p < 0.15) in athletes. After an ergometer exercise test with increasing intensity (50 to 400 Watt (W), 3 min-steps) by well trained cyclists, blood (L-(+)-lactate increased to 10.12 mmole/liter, whereas methylglyoxal rose by 48.4% and D-(-)-lactate by 70% (resting levels 92 and 100/mumole/liter, respectively). The possible physiologic significance of the assumed aminoacetone pathway was discussed with respect to muscular activity.

Acetone↗
PubMed1979

Biochemical changes in a 100 km run: proteins in serum and urine.

Eleven male subjects took part in a 100 km running competition. Alterations in the total plasma protein and in ten individual plasma protein concentrations in blood and urine were measured prior to the run, immediately after and after 1 day of recovery. Five individual proteins showed a 7-10%, and lysozyme a 40%, increase in the plasma after the run. On the contrary, the haptoglobin concentration fell to 40% of its pre-race level. None of these variations were correlated with the plasma volume change. The present data showed a moderate hemolysis, as evidenced by plasma lysozyme and hemoglobin-haptoglobin binding. The urinary excretion of plasma proteins was slightly increased, especially albumin and alpha1-acid-glycoprotein. The renal clearance of plasma proteins revealed that the 100 km run induced a moderate increase of glomerular permeability without any signficant change in the tubular reabsorption process.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Changes in serum creatine kinase and hexose phosphate isomerase activity with exercise duration.

In 18 groups of trained healthy male subjects (n = 166; age 17--42 years) the influence of type and duration of long-lasting exercise on the changes of creatine kinase (CPK) and hexose phosphate isomerase (PHI) activity in serum was studied. Above 65--70% of maximal aerobic capacity, a serum enzyme activity increase proportional to the exercise time was found with a different slope in each of the three exercise types examined [a) bicycle ergometer; b) ski race; c) impact-type exertion]. Work duration of more than 300 min induced in the third type of exertion an accelerated increase in serum CPK. A third degree equation best describes the changes in serum CPK for nine of our groups and five others from the literature. To ascertain the possible influence of intravascular hemolysis, sera were mixed with autologous erythrocyte hemolysates and enzyme activity measured. The findings are discussed with reference to critical aspects of the analytical methods, possible causes of serum enzyme changes, and possible use of enzyme measurements in evaluating adaptation of the organism to prolonged exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Creatine kinase and hexose phosphate isomerase activity in skeletal muscles of healthy male adults.

Creatine kinase (CPK) and hexose phosphate isomerase (PHI) activities were measured in surgically obtained skeletal muscle samples of healthy adult men (n = 45). Median values of 4,200 for CPK and 275 for PHI (U/g wet weight, 37 degrees C) were found. Duplicate determinations on 7 samples divided and treated separately gave a very good reproducibility. There is a significant relationship between the activity of the two enzymes (r = +0.798, p less than 0.001). The mean activity levels were for both enzymes higher in m. vastus medialis quadricipitis and m. triceps brachii, c. long., than in vastus lateralis quadric. and in deltoideus. PHI frequency distribution was not of the normal type but probably bimodal, suggesting muscle types with lower and higher glycolytic rate in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Further studies on creatine kinase activity in human skeletal muscle.

Creatine kinase (CK) was measured in muscle samples from 9 female and 9 male adult subjects using comparatively two procedures. The improved method, using N-acetylcysteine as activator gives results about 1.5 times higher than that with reduced glutathione. The significant correlation existing between activities of CK and hexosephosphate isomerase was confirmed using the improved method. There also exists a correlation between CK and enolase activity. In this respect, there are no differences between muscle samples from male and female subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Human skeletal muscle enolase and factors influencing its activity.

Enolase activity was determined in human skeletal muscle extracts using two procedures to measure the phosphoenolpyruvate formed. The results closely agreed, as did double determinations on bipartite muscle pieces. Activities in m. vastus lateralis quadricipitis did not differ significantly in adult males, females and 11- to 14-year-old girls. M. vastus medialis and deltoideus exhibited significantly higher activities than vastus lateralis. Endurance-trained athletes had lower enolase activities when compared to untrained subjects. The effects of changes in temperature, pH and K+ concentration in the medium were investigated and the possible physiological implications discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of weight lifting exercise on heart rate and metabolism in experienced weight lifters.

Fifteen experienced weight lifters were investigated to examine the effects of weight exercise with variable intensity on heart rate and changes in arterial glucose, lactate and pyruvate, as well as serum total lipids, beta-lipoproteins, triglycerides, glycerol and free fatty acids. The highest value of heart rate were reached during repetitions (ca. 150 beats/min), during single maximal contraction only 120--130 beats/min. No important changes were found in lipid substrates or glucose, while lactate (x max: 4 mmol/l) and urivate (x max: 0.11 mmol/l) increases were moderate. This type of training may be useful in the clinical rehabilitation of the locomotor system but it lacks importance for preventive or rehabilitation therapy of the cardiovascular system.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Citrate synthase activity in human skeletal muscle.

Citrate synthase activity in soluble human muscle extracts (KCl-containing triethanolamine buffer) amounts to 17.5+/-6.97 U/g wet weight at 37 degrees C (n=36 healthy male subjects). Double determinations, both using two procedures and with muscle samples divided into two pieces and analyzed separately, gave very good reproducibilities. The possible causes of the comparatively high values are discussed. Significant correlations of citrate synthase activity with NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (r=+0.826) and hexose phosphate isomerase (r=-0.582) were found. The distribution of citrate synthase activity in the samples studied is not of the normal type but appears to be binomial.

Adolescent↗