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Biomedical subjects

G Haugen

Publications and source records attributed to G Haugen.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Increased levels of intercellular adhesion molecules and vascular cell adhesion molecules in pre-eclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between soluble forms of the intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) and the severity of pre-eclampsia or its possible consequences for fetal growth. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Department of Medical Genetics and Haematological Research Laboratory, Ullevål University Hospital; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-six women with normotensive pregnancies and 157 women with pre-eclampsia divided into three subgroups: mild, severe and pre-eclampsia with fetal growth retardation. METHODS: ELISA-measurements of plasma sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were performed in a group of healthy pregnant normotensive women and three groups of women with varying degrees of pre-eclampsia. RESULTS: sICAM-1 concentrations were higher in the pre-eclampsia group compared with the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. Plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1 were significantly greater (P < 0.0001) in all pre-eclampsia subgroups (835.34, 855.25 and 964.05 ng/mL) compared with the control group (667.62 ng/mL). Within the pre-eclampsia group, plasma concentration of sVCAM-1 was significantly higher in the subgroup exhibiting fetal growth retardation (P = 0.03) compared with mild pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSION: The observed increases in plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1 suggest that measurements of this adhesion molecule may be useful in monitoring pregnancies with respect to the development of pre-eclampsia or fetal growth retardation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Markers of intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis in preeclampsia: association with intrauterine growth retardation.

BACKGROUND: Alterations in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Hypercoagulability may be associated with features seen in preeclampsia, such as fibrin deposition in various organs, consumptive thrombocytopenia, and placental hypoperfusion, insufficiency and infarction. METHODS: In this cohort study, we compared the plasma levels of markers of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in preeclamptic women to normotensive, pregnant controls. We also studied the association between these markers and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). RESULTS: In both mild and severe preeclampsia, the mean plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity were significantly increased, while fibrinogen, antithrombin III (ATIII) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2) antigen levels were significantly reduced compared to controls. Plasma D-dimer concentration was significantly higher in severe, but not in mild preeclampsia compared to the controls. The plasma level of fibrin monomer was similar in patients and controls. Patients with preeclampsia delivering growth retarded infants had significantly lower PAI-1 activity and PAI-2 antigen concentrations in plasma than the remaining preeclamptic women. CONCLUSION: We found evidence of increased intravascular coagulation and fibrin turnover in preeclampsia. Low PAI-2 antigen plasma levels were associated with severe preeclampsia and IUGR.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of phenazone (antipyrine) on the prostanoid formation in human umbilical arteries perfused in vitro.

The influence of phenazone on the production of prostacyclin and thromboxane in human umbilical arteries was investigated by in vitro perfusion. With perfusate concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-4) M a decrease in the formation of both prostanoids was observed. The inhibitory effect of phenazone on prostanoid formation was found to be equal to that of indomethacin.

Antipyrine↗
PubMed1994

Pregnancy outcome in renal allograft recipients in Norway. The importance of immunosuppressive drug regimen and health status before pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: To study the influence of pre-conceptional health status and immunosuppressive drug regimen on pregnancy outcome in renal allograft recipients. METHODS: The study includes all pregnancies in renal allograft recipients in Norway in the period 1973-1991. The data were collected from the patient records. Serum-creatinine values, proteinuria, blood pressure, recent graft rejection, and immunosuppressive drug regimen before pregnancy as well as the interval from transplantation until pregnancy were related to the frequency of deliveries at term, preterm deliveries, and of induced and spontaneous abortions. RESULTS: 54 pregnancies in 37 renal allograft recipients resulted in 31 term deliveries, 12 preterm deliveries, four spontaneous, and seven induced abortions. One induced abortion due to psychosocial reasons was excluded from the calculations. Post-transplant intervals less than two years as compared to longer intervals were associated with an increased frequency of spontaneous and induced abortions (6/13 vs 4/40, p < 0.01) and a non-significant increase in the relation between preterm and term deliveries (3/4 vs 9/27). The few women with proteinuria, elevated serum-creatinine values, and hypertension before pregnancy had an increased number of adverse pregnancy results. The women receiving cyclosporine A experienced a larger frequency of spontaneous and induced abortions (7/18 vs 3/35, p < 0.05) and an increase in the relation between preterm and term deliveries (7/4 vs 5/27, p < 0.01) as compared to the women who received prednisolone and azathioprine only. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the importance of pre-conceptional consultation and may indicate a harmful effect of cyclosporine A on pregnancy outcome.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Studies of autacoid responsiveness and endothelium dependency in human umbilical arteries.

The effect of serotonin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2 alpha on the smooth muscle tension in perfused human umbilical arteries was investigated before and after removal of the endothelium. Denudation was performed mechanically using a nylon filament loop, and the efficiency of the procedure was checked by electron microscopy. In non-denuded vessels the autacoids elicited biphasic pressure responses, all starting with a vasodilatation and followed by a strong vasoconstriction. After denudation no dilatatory responses were evoked, whereas the constrictory responses appeared to be unchanged. Pre-treatment of the vessels with methylene blue did not affect the autacoid responses. Generally the perfusion pressure decreased after the de-endothelialization, in some preparations to levels of about 50% of the initial perfusion pressure. In about one-third of the preparations exposure to methylene blue led to a definite pressure increase. The results indicate that endothelium-derived factors are involved in the autacoid responses and also in the maintenance of basic vascular tonus in the umbilical circulation.

Autacoids↗
PubMed1991

Pregnancy outcome in renal allograft recipients: influence of ciclosporin A.

The outcome of 35 pregnancies in 26 renal allograft recipients is reported. Twenty-four pregnancies in patients treated with prednisolone and azathioprine resulted in 22 live-born infants (one twin pregnancy) and 3 induced abortions on medical indications. Three of the deliveries were preterm, and one of the infants had a birth weight below the 2.5th percentile. Ten patients (11 pregnancies) were treated with ciclosporin A (CsA). These women delivered 5 infants (3 preterm deliveries of whom the birth weight of one infant was below the 5th percentile) and underwent 3 induced (medical indications) and 3 spontaneous abortions. Mean birth weight in the CsA treated group was 2464 g (range 1790-2930 g), and their gestational age varied from 232 to 271 days. No foetal malformations were observed in the two groups. The results may indicate a harmful effect of CsA on pregnancy outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of endothelin-1 on vascular tension in human umbilical vessels.

The effect of endothelin-1 on vascular tension has been investigated in human umbilical cord vessels perfused in vitro and compared to that of serotonin. Both autacoids induced vasoconstrictions in the arteries and in the veins, all responses being clearly dose-dependent. Endothelin-1 was found to be most potent, eliciting visible pressure changes in concentrations of 10(-11)-10(-10) M. The responses to 10(-9) M endothelin-1 in the veins increased markedly at repeated stimulations. In the arteries a potentiating effect on the serotonin response was observed after exposure to 10(-11) M of endothelin-1. The results signal that the peptide may be of significance in the regulation of umbilicoplacental blood flow.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1991

Vasoactive effects of intra- and extravascular serotonin, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in human umbilical arteries.

The effect of serotonin, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on the vascular tension in human umbilical arteries has been investigated during in vitro perfusions. All autacoids induced dose-dependent biphasic pressure responses when added to the perfusate. When added to the extraumbilical fluid, serotonin induced monophasic vasoconstrictory responses, whereas PGE2 and PGF2 alpha did not elicit significant changes except for minor pressure oscillations in some experiments. The results obtained suggest a contributory role of the endothelial layer in the action of these autacoids on the smooth muscle tension.

Dinoprost↗
PubMed1991

The influence of extra-umbilical serotonin, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on prostanoid production in human umbilical arteries.

The influence of extra-umbilical applications of serotonin and prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on the endogenous production of prostacyclin and thromboxane in human umbilical arteries was registered during in vitro perfusion by use of specific radio-immunoassays. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha caused significant dose-dependent increases in the production of prostacyclin, but no specific alterations in that of thromboxane. Serotonin did not lead to any changes in the prostanoid formation. The results provide indirect support for the assumption that prostanoids synthesized in the vessel wall, predominantly in the endothelial cells, serve as mediators in the action of autacoids on vascular smooth muscle tension.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1990

Prostanoid production in umbilical arteries from preterm and term deliveries perfused in vitro.

The endogenous prostanoid production in human umbilical arteries from gestational stages between 192 and 290 days was investigated using an in vitro perfusion technique. The outflow concentrations of prostacyclin and thromboxane (measured as their stable metabolites 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2), PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were determined by RIA-methods. The production of all four prostanoids was found to increase with the duration of pregnancy. The formation of prostacyclin was always dominating, followed by PGE2, PGF2 alpha and thromboxane.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Altered prostanoid formation in human umbilical vasculature in response to variations in oxygen tension.

Prostanoid formation in human umbilical vessels perfused in vitro was assessed at different oxygen tensions. At an atmosphere of 5% oxygen the production rate of prostacyclin (measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) was higher, while those of thromboxane A2 (measured as TXB2), PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were lower than with 20%, 50% and 95% oxygen. The stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on prostanoid production was found to be independent on the prevailing oxygen tension. Vascular formation of prostanoids thus seems to be at least partially affected by the ambient oxygen tension. Though altered oxygen tension does not seem to affect angiotensin induced prostanoid formation, the action of other vasoactive agents influencing vascular formation of prostanoids may respond differently to hypoxia or hyperoxia.

Female↗