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Biomedical subjects

G Heiss

Publications and source records attributed to G Heiss.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Studies of blood pressure in schoolchildren (ages 6--19) and their parents in an integrated suburban school district.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), along with demographic and anthropometric variables were assessed in a biracial group of schoolchildren and parents in an integrated suburban school district: 682 schoolchildren, ages 6--19, including 268 white males, 236 white females, 85 black males and 93 black females; 362 adults, ages 20--64, including 142 white males, 159 white females, 20 black males and 41 black females. There were no significant black-white SBP or DBP differences in children, while SBP and DBP were higher in adult blacks than whites. Using multiple regression analysis, with BP as the dependent variable, SBP in children was significantly associated with pulse, weight, skinfold thickness, age and height; DBP was significantly associated with age, pulse, weight, and skinfold thickness. Race, sex, and education of the head of household did not significantly enter the multiple regression matrix for children's BP. Respectively, 29% and 22% of the variance of the children's SBP and DBP was accounted for by the measured variables. In adults, SBP was significantly related to weight, race, pulse, and age; DBP was significantly related to weight, race, age, and skinfold thickness. Respectively, 27% and 24% of the variance of the adults' SBP and DBP was accounted for by the measured variables. Covariance adjusted mean SBP and DBP were higher in hypertriglyceridemic than in hypotriglyceridemic children (p = 0.001), and were lower in hyperalpha-lipoproteinemic than hypoalpha-lipoproteinemic children (p less than or equal to 0.03). Children in an integrated school district may have shared behaviors, goals, and environments contributing to shared BP, while differing environmental factors may become amplified with age and life experience and contribute to higher BP in black adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and C-II in black and white residents of Evans County.

Plasma levels of lipids, lipoprotein-cholesterol and three major apolipoproteins (ApoA-I, A-II and C-II) were studied in 318 black and white males and females randomly sampled in Evans County, Georgia. Black-white differences in lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were observed, with low-density fractions higher in whites and high-density fractions higher in blacks. Plasma levels of ApoA-I but not ApoA-II were higher in blacks than in whites and in females than in males. ApoC-II concentrations were lower in black than in white men and women. Black-white differences in atherogenic lipoprotein fractions were statistically explained (in the sense of association, not necessarily of causal process) by the differences in ApoC-II concentrations between the race groups. Black-white differences in anti etherogenic high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were greater than statistically predicted by differences in ApoA lipoprotein levels. The findings are indicative of black-white differences in lipoprotein composition.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1980

Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride distributions in 13,665 children and adolescents: the Prevalence Study of the Lipid Research Clinics Program.

The age-, race-, sex-specific distributions for plasma cholesterol (CH) and triglyceride (TG) are described for the 13,655 individuals under 20 years of age who were examined at the first visit (visit I) of the Prevalence Study of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program. Composite findings are presented from the seven North American LRC's where children were included in the target population. Cholesterol values are higher for blacks than for whites, but triglyceride values are higher for whites than for blacks. In both the CH and TG distributions for the combined races, the mean values for females are generally higher than for males. For cholesterol, consistent age-associated differences occur. On average, the CH values peak in late childhood and decline during adolescence. The decrease in mean values for CH is most marked for white males. The values for TG tend to increase in early adolescence. This report expands the available information about lipid distributions in young populations and describes the extent of the variation in plasma lipids associated with race and sex for each year of age, 0 to 19 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Hyperalphalipoproteinemia in hypercholesterolemic adults and children.

This report was designed to describe and characterize the proportion of of hypercholesterolemic children and adults in the Lipid Research Clinics collaborative prevalence study whose elevated total plasma cholesterol levels were accounted for by elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL), not by elevated levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL). In randomly recalled 6-19 year old children having age-, race-, an sex-specific plasma cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 95th percentile levels, 22% of white males, 22% of white females, and 44% of black males had C-HDL, but not C-LDL greater than or equal to age-, sex-, and race-specific 95th percentile levels. In contrast, for adults (ages 20-79 years), 3% of white males, 10% of white females, 17% of black males, and 25% of black females had predominant hyperalphalipoproteinemia which accounted for their hypercholesterolemia. In participants defined as hypercholesterolemic on the basis of two examinations it was observed that the majority of children and adults were in the C-LDL elevated and C-HDL not elevated category. Hypercholesterolemic adults were not as likely as the hypercholesterolemic children to be in the C-HDL elevated and C-LDL not elevated category. For both children and adults, blacks were more likely to have predominant hyperalphalipoproteinemia accounting for their elevated total plasma cholesterol levels than were whites. For hyperalphalipoproteinemic, hypercholesterolemic children and adults, the mean ratio of C-LDL to C-HDL ranged from 1.3 to 1.4 (in children) and 1.4 to 2.1 (in adults), levels well below the overall mean ratio for the entire Lipid Research Clinics random recall group of 2.7 for children and 4.2 for adults. An understanding of the multiple etiologies of hyperalphalipoproteinemic-hypercholesterolemics may be useful in considering programs designed to elevate C-HDL over time, with an aim at reducing CHD risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and socioeconomic status. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

The relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and educational level was examined in 2182 white females and 2368 white males ages 20-59 years in nine North American populations surveyed by the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Mean HDL cholesterol values were positively associated with reported educational achievement. Among females of all ages and males ages 20-39 years, a gradient of HDL cholesterol levels from lowest to highest educational stratum was found. A similar trend of lower magnitude was noted among older males. The positive association between educational and HDL cholesterol levels was statistically significant in both sexes (p < 0.002) and was consistent for each of the study populations. Differences in mean HDL cholesterol between educational strata were in part explained statistically by education-related differences in body mass, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, age and, in women, gonadal hormone use. These findings indicate that socioeconomic status and lifestyle, as measured by level of educational achievement, are associated with HDL cholesterol concentrations in adult populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The epidemiology of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Summary.

Correlates of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were studied in 4756 white males and females ages 20-59 years examined during a population survey conducted by 10 North American Lipid Research Clinics. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the relation of social, demographic, physical and behavioral characteristics for HDL cholesterol in each of the study populations and in subgroups defined by sex, age and gonadal hormone use. Characteristics associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations were a lean body habitus, not smoking, consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol, physical activity or exercise, membership in a high educational stratum, increased age and low dietary consumption of sucrose and starch. Each of these characteristics was examined in detail in its relation to HDL cholesterol concentrations in the respective chapters in this monograph; the purpose of the study reported here was to summarize the findings. When all variables were considered simultaneously in the analysis, body mass, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were the attributes most strongly and consistently associated with HDL cholesterol concentrations in the populations examined. These empirical findings from a cross-sectional study replicated across diverse populations were used to derive speculative estimates of the potential for modification of population levels of HDL cholesterol, consistent with hygienic intervention and lifestyle changes. The results of the study were considered in the context of the literature on determinants of HDL cholesterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Strenuous physical activity, treadmill exercise test performance and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

During the Lipid Research Clinics North American Prevalence Study, plasma lipoprotien determinations and treadmill exercise testing were performed on 2319 white men and 2067 white women ages 20 years or older randomly selected from population surveys by nine clinics in the U.S. and Canada. Before exercise testing, participants were asked if they performed any strenuous physical activity on a regular basis. Data were analyzed to determine the relationship of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to treadmill exercise test performance and a self-report of strenuous activity. Neither treadmill exercise test duration nor heart rate response to submaximal exercise was significantly related to HDL cholesterol levels for either men or women. However, participants who reported some strenuous physical activity generally had higher HDL cholesterol levels than those who reported none, and the more active men ages 30-49 years and active women ages 20-39 had significantly higher values (p < 0.05). When HDL cholesterol was adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and interclinic population variation, more active men (47.1 vs 45.2 mg/dl; p = 0.0001) and more active women (59.6 vs 57.7 mg/dl; p = 0.02) had higher HDL cholesterol levels than their sedentary counterparts. Thus, the association between HDL cholesterol and reported physical activity was, at least in part, independent of other factors that influence HDL cholesterol concentration, but was not associated with exercise tolerance as determined by treadmill exercise testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cigarette smoking and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

The relationship between cigarette smoking and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was examined in 2663 men and 2553 women ages 20-69 years in 10 North American populations. Men and women who were smokers had significantly (p < 0.01) lower HDL cholesterol levels than nonsmokers, and heavier smokers had lower HDL cholesterol levels than lighter smokers. Using multiple linear regression analysis to adjust for differences in age, obesity, alcohol consumption and regular exercise increased the differences in HDL cholesterol levels between smokers and nonsmokers. For men who smoked 20 or more cigarettes/day, adjusted values averaged 5.3 mg/dl (11%) lower than those for nonsmokers (p < 0.01). Women who used gonadal hormones were analyzed separately from those who did not. In both groups, women who smoked 20 or more cigarettes/day had lower HDL cholesterol levels than nonsmokers: 9.4 mg/dl (14%) lower in hormone users and 8.6 mg/dl (14%) lower in nonusers (both p < 0.01). These findings indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with substantially lower levels of HDL cholesterol. Further, this association appears to be dose-dependent and is consistent with other research, indicating a possible causal relationship between cigarette smoking and lower HDL cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Altered plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels associated with oral contraceptive and oestrogen use. Report from the Medications Working Group of the Lipid Research Clinics Program.

In a study of women attending ten North American Lipid Research Clinics plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density (L.D.L.), very low density (V.L.D.L.), and high density (H.D.L.) lipoprotein levels in those taking oral contraceptives (O.C.) and in those taking oestrogens for menopausal symptoms were compared with those in women not taking gonadal hormones, after adjustment for age, educational attainment, and body-mass index, O.C. and oestrogen users were leaner than non-users. Compared with controls, O.C. users showed increased cholesterol, triglyceride, and L.D.L.-cholesterol and V.L.D.L.-cholesterol levels, but H.D.L.-cholesterol levels were similar. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and H.D.L.-cholesterol and V.L.D.L.-cholesterol levels were positively associated with the quantity of the oestrogen component of the O.C. preparations. Compared with non-users, menopausal oestrogen users had slightly lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels, significant decreases in L.D.L.-cholesterol and V.L.D.L.-cholesterol, and a significant increase in H.D.L.-cholesterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Distribution of high density and other lipoproteins in selected LRC prevalence study populations: a brief survey.

Selected lipid and lipoprotein data from the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Prevalence Study are presented, with particular emphasis given to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values. Cross-sectional age- and sex-specific mean values are shown for 7007 white participants in the ten North American LRCs. Comparisons are drawn for males and females (including the pediatric group) and for females using or not using sex hormones. The US-USSR Collaborative Program is summarized, and selected comparisons are noted for the Soviet and United States samples.

Adolescent↗